Fluorescence Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the East China Sea after Diatom Red Tide Dispersion

Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy (EEMS) was employed to analyze the 3-dimensional fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the East China Sea after diatom red tide dispersion. The relationships between fluorescence peak intensity, and salinity and chlorophyll-a were discussed. The centers of protein-like fluorescence peaks dispersed at Ex(max)/Em(max) = 270-280/290-315 nm (Peak B), 220-230/290-305 nm (Peak D), 230-240/335-350 nm(Peak S)and 280/320 nm(Peak T). Two humic-like peaks appeared at 255-270/435-480 nm (Peak A) and 330-350/420-480 nm(Peak C). High tyrosine-like intensity was observed in diatom red tide dispersion area, and tryptophan-like fluorescence was also found which was lower. High FIB/FIS showed that diatom red tide produced much tyrosine-like matter during dispersion. Peaks S, A and C had positive correlation with one another, and their distributions were similar, which decreased with distance increasing away from the shore. Good negative correlations between peaks S, A and C and salinity suggested that Jiangsu-Zhejiang coastal water was the same source of then-L Correlations between fluorescence peak intensity and chlorophyll-a were not remarkable enough to clear the relationship between fluorescence and living algal matter. It was supposed that the living algal matter contributed little to the fluorescence intensity of algal dispersion seawater.

Intracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from bay scallop Argopecten irradians: Its gene structure, mRNA expression and recombinant protein

Superoxide dismutases are an ubiquitous family of enzymes that function to efficiently catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anions. Two unique and highly compartmentalized bay scallop Argopecten irradians superoxide dismutases: MnSOD and ecCuZnSOD, have been molecularly characterized in our previous study. To complete characterize the SOD family in A. irradians, a novel intracellular copper/zinc SOD from the A. irradians (Ai-icCuZnSOD) was obtained and characterized. The full-length cDNA of Ai-icCuZnSOD was 1047 bp with a 459 bp open reading frame encoding 152 amino acids. The genomic length of the Ai-icCuZnSOD gene was about 4279 bp containing 4 exons and 3 introns. The promoter region containing many putative transcription factor binding sites were analyzed. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the highest expression of the Ai-icCuZnSOD was detected in gill and the expression profiles in hemocytes of bay scallops challenged with bacteria Vibrio anguillarum and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were different. The result presented an increased expression after injection with LPS whereas no significant changes were observed after V. anguillarum injection. A fusion protein containing Ai-icCuZnSOD was produced in vitro. The rAi-icCuZnSOD is a stable enzyme, retaining more than 80% of its activity between 10 and 60 degrees C and keeping above 88% of its activity at pH values between 5.8 and 9. Ai-icCuZnSOD is more stable under alkaline than acidic conditions. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Crystal structure of (5R,10R)-2,7-dibromo-3,8-dihydroxy-5,10-dimethoxy-5,10-dihydrochromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene sesquihydrate, C16H12Br2O6 center dot 1.5H(2)O

C16H15Br2O7.5, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2 (no. 18), a = 18.483(2) angstrom, b = 9.413(1) angstrom, c = 10.072(1) angstrom, V = 1752.3 angstrom(3), Z = 4, R-gt(F) = 0.083, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.202, T= 293 K.

Sorption and desorption of lead (II) from wastewater by green algae Cladophora fascicularis

Biosorption is an effective method to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In this work, adsorption features of Cladophora fascicularis were investigated as a function of time, initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentrations, temperature and co-existing ions. Kinetics and equilibria were obtained from batch experiments. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. Adsorption equilibria were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was 198.5 mg/g at 298 K and pH 5.0. The adsorption processes were endothermic and the biosorption heat was 29.6 kJ/mol. Desorption experiments indicated that 0.01 mol/L Na(2)EDTA was an efficient desorbent for the recovery of Pb(II) from biomass. IR spectrum analysis suggested amido or hydroxy, C=O and C-O could combine intensively with Pb(II). (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统CO_2通量

依据涡度相关系统连续观测的2005年CO_2通量数据,对青藏高原东北隅的高寒湿地生态系统源/汇功能及其部分环境影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,高寒湿地生态系统为明显的碳源,在植物生长季（5-9月份）吸收230.16 gCO_2•m~(-2),非生长季（1-4月份及10-12月份）释放546.18 gCO_2•m~(-2),其中净排放最高在5月份,为181.49 gCO_2•m~(-2),净吸收最高在8月份,为189.69 g CO_2•m~(-2),年释放量为316.02 gCO_2•m~(-2)。在平均日变化中,最大吸收值出现在7月份12：00,为（0.45±0.0012）mgCO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1),最大排放速率出现在8月份0：00,为（0.22±0.0090）mgCO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1)。生长季中6-9月份表现为明显的单峰型日变化,非生长季的变化幅度较小。净生态系统交换量（NEE）和生态系统总初级生产力（GPP）与气温、空气水气饱和亏和地表反射率等环境因素呈现相似的相关性,与地上生物量和群落叶面积指数则为线性负相关,生态系统呼吸（Res）则与上述因子的相关性呈现相反的趋势。

深海鱼油中脂肪酸的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱串联质谱分析

用1-[2-(对甲苯磺酸酯)乙基]-2-苯基咪唑[4,5-f]9,10-菲(TSEPIP)作为柱前荧光衍生试剂,在Eclipse XDBC8(4.6×150 mm,5μm,Agilent)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱在检测波长为380nm(激发波长为260nm)的条件下,实现了阿拉斯加深海鱼油中饱和脂肪酸含量的外标法定量测定.26种饱和脂肪酸的线性范围是200.0pmol～48.83fmol,线性相关系数均大于0.9996,检测限为3.824～47.13 fmol(信噪比为3:1测得,S/N 3:1).经柱后串联质谱大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式实现了各种饱和与不饱和脂肪酸衍生物的质谱鉴定,进而通过峰面积归一化法得出了所有饱和与不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量.结果表明,深海鱼油主要含有C12～C22的脂肪酸,共鉴定出25种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占69.71%(峰面积百分比,下同),特别是具有重要生理作用的多不饱和脂肪酸,如C20:5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA,16.62%),C22:6:2,5,8,11,14,17-二十二碳六烯酸(2,5,8,11,14,17-docosahexenoic acid,DHA,12.31%).

高原鼠兔家群空间领域的季节性动态格局

为探讨高原鼠兔家群空间领域的季节特征,分别于2005年和2006年的5～8月,在青海省玛沁县,采用标志重捕法和最小多边形面积法对其家群巢区和核域进行了研究.结果表明,不同季节,高原鼠兔巢区和核域面积存在显著差异.5、6月份,成体巢区面积显著大于幼体,但二者核域面积却无显著差异;7月份,成体与第1胎幼体巢区及核域面积均显著大于第2胎.5、6月份雄性成体巢区显著大于7、8月份,6、7月份雌性成体巢区显著大于5月和8月份.巢区及核域面积均与家群个体数呈极显著性正相关关系,说明季节和家群结构均可对高原鼠兔空间领域产生重要作用。

青藏高原高山植物麻花艽的传粉生态学研究

对青藏高原东部麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)海北居群的传粉生态学进行了3a连续的观察和实验。试验表明自然去雄、人工自交和杂交处理均结实，而人工去雄套袋和自然套袋不结实。麻花艽自交亲合，但必须依赖传粉媒介才能完成授粉过程，不存在无融合生殖。野外捕捉到14种访花昆虫，它们分别属于2个纲，7个目，8个科。观察和分析了各种昆虫的访花行为后，认为苏氏熊蜂(Bombus sushikini)是麻花艽有效而稳定的传粉者。测量表明麻花艽花蜜通道的深度和苏氏熊蜂的舌长基本吻合。苏氏熊蜂的访花频率在lO：00～12：00，13：00～15：00和16：00～18：OO时间段没有差别，单花的访花频率为0．005次／(花·rain)。和其它高山植物相比，青藏高原高山植物麻花艽的访花频率较高。熊蜂传粉和高频率的访花维持了麻花艽在极端寒旱的青藏高原环境下的有性生殖。此外，高频率的访花对于维持该地区高山植物的生殖保障具有重要的现实意义，但是否具有普遍性，还有待研究更多的高山代表类群。

青藏高原红景天药材的HPLC指纹图谱

利用高效液相色谱法建立了青藏高原红景天的色谱指纹图谱.固定相采用C18反相色谱柱,流动相为甲醇:0.1%磷酸水(v/v＝15:85);检测波长220 nm;流速为1.0 mL/min.通过比较发现红景天样品的8个主要共有峰,可作为鉴别红景天药材的主要依据.方法简便快速,为中药品种的鉴定提供了较全面的信息.

高原鼠兔对小嵩草草甸的破坏及其防治

1997-2000年在青海省果洛州达日县，通过测定不同程度退化草地、人上草地和除杂草地中高原鼠兔群数量的变化以及对草地的破坏程度，分析了草地植物群落变化对高原鼠兔种群数量的影响结果表明：随草地退化程度的加重，，高原鼠兔种群数量相应升高，重度退化草地中高原鼠兔种群数量降低是由食物资源不足引起一不同程度退化草地之间高原鼠兔种群数量差异极显著（t_（未退化与轻度）＝25．3697，t_ t_(未退化与重度）＝36.4060，t_（轻度与中度）＝23．2794,t_（鼠兔对草地的破坏面积与平均单坑面积呈显著的相关关系（F＝220.46，df＝3，P＜0 ．001）在草地达到化以前，高原鼠兔的种群密度升高，对草地的危害则加重草地植物群落空间结构的变化直接影响高原鼠兔的种群数量，当植物群落高度增加时，其种群数量开始减少，反之则增加

寒冻雏形土不同地形部位土壤湿度及其与主要植被类型的对应关系

寒冻雏形土不同地形部位土壤湿度均有较高的水平,0cm～60cm整层土壤湿度北坡> 滩地> 南坡。土壤湿度在年内可分为春季水分消耗期、雨季初水分补给期、水分波动消耗期和冬季冻结水分稳定聚集期。在垂直方向随深度加深湿度逐渐降低,北坡极为明显,南坡及滩地降低幅度均匀。土壤湿度随时间的变化过程分解为周期性变化项、随机性分量项及趋势项。同时表明,在土壤湿度较低的南坡,以小嵩草等为主的草原化草甸植被类型；土壤湿度适中的滩地,多以矮嵩草为主的高寒嵩草草甸植被类型；湿度较高的北坡,多以金露梅为主的灌丛草甸植被类型；而在土壤湿度很高、地表长久积水的河边,多以藏嵩草等为主的沼泽化草甸植被类型。

青海高原地木耳中微量元素分析及特征

青海民间称为山珍的地木耳, 具有清热解毒、凉血明目营养保健功效, 是一种天然的绿色营养保健食品。文中采用美国Varian - 220 FS 原子吸收光谱仪, HYD - 2 型氢化物原子荧光光谱仪测定了青海高原地木耳中Cu 、Zn 、Fe 、Mn 、Co 、Se 等6 种微量元素, 为科学地开发利用青海高原地木耳食物资源提供一些基础资料和科学依据

低氧对新生大鼠脾单个核细胞DNA合成及转化的影响

本研究以荧光法测定脾单个核细胞DNA合成及M TT比色法测定的脾单个核细胞对Con A的增殖反应,观察模拟高原低氧对出生后14天大鼠上述两指标的影响, 同时也观察了交感神经和副交感神经的活动状态, 以初步探讨低氧对上述两指标的作用是如何介导的。结果表明: 5km 海拔高度低氧作用24h 不抑制脾单个细胞DNA 合成及脾单个核细胞转化, 而作用5 天时则抑制DNA 合成及脾单个核细胞转化, 分别为对照组的56.6% (P <0.01) 和86.8% (P < 0.05) ; 7km 海拔高度低氧作用24h, DNA 合成及脾单个核细胞转化均受抑制, 分别为对照组的61.0% (P < 0.01) 和81.2% (P < 0.01) ; 7km 海拔24h 低氧导致脾脏中乙酰胆碱下降, 儿茶酚胺升高; 用DSP-4 中枢药理性损毁N E 神经元, 可使脾单个核细胞DNA 合成的抑制程度减弱, 脾脏中儿茶酚胺含量下降。这些结果表明低氧可抑制新生大鼠脾单个核细胞的DNA 合成及转化, 并可能与交感神经兴奋及副交感神经抑制有关。

Comparative analysis of allantoin quercetin, and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. Seed by HPLC-APCI-MS and CE

This paper describes the simultaneous determination of allantoin, quercetin, and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCCA) in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr seed by HPLC-APCI-MS and CE (capillary electrophoresis) methods. The final optimized chromatographic conditions were investigated in a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m). A seventeen-minute gradient elution, (A: aqueous acetonitrile 20% (v/v); B: aqueous acetonitrile 60% (v/v); C: pure acetonitrile 100%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was selected for the separation of three natural products with diode array detection (DAD) at 220 nm. A CE experiment was carried out in a fused silica capillary with 32 mmol/L boric acid (pH 10), 32 mmol/L SDS and acetonitrile (10.0%, v/v). The applied potential and temperature was, respectively, set at 19 kV and 25 degrees C. After development, the validation was performed in parallel for HPLC and CE, with the same standards and sample to avoid differences due to the manipulation. The validation parameters of both techniques were adequate for the intended purpose.

轮式移动机器人运动仿真研究

轮式移动机器人(WMRs)的轮子在地形上的位姿决定了WMRs的状态参数，基于该假设本文介绍了一种运动学仿真方法，该方法利用地形几何拓扑信息的变化估计车轮位姿变化，从而确定WMRs的位姿.对此基于虚拟现实技术开发了WMRs虚拟漫游仿真系统，为星球探测机器人遥操作提供了验证平台。