Fatores de risco para osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa do sudeste brasileiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Risco de hospitalizações repetidas em idosos usuários de um centro de saúde escola

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estratificar 305 idosos com 65 anos ou mais, atendidos em um Centro de Saúde Escola (Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil), quanto à probabilidade de admissão hospitalar repetida. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento de avaliação do risco de admissão hospitalar repetida, constituído por oito indicadores de saúde: autopercepção da saúde, hospitalização, consultas médicas, diabetes, doença cardiovascular, sexo, apoio social e idade. Verificou-se que 56,4% dos entrevistados apresentaram baixa probabilidade de admissão hospitalar repetida; 26,9%, média; 10,5%, média-alta; e 6,2%, alta. Na associação dos indicadores de saúde com a probabilidade de admissão hospitalar repetida, observou-se que, para idosos classificados como sendo de riscos médio, médio-alto e alto, em relação àqueles com baixo, os riscos relativos foram significativos: saúde média ou ruim (2,31); hospitalização (2,38); mais de três consultas médicas (1,75); diabetes (2,10); doença cardiovascular (2,76); homens (1,68); e 75 anos ou mais (1,62). Constatou-se que o instrumento utilizado possibilitou a estratificação dos idosos quanto ao risco de serem hospitalizados repetidas vezes, o que pode contribuir para propostas de reorganização dos serviços de saúde.

Clinical presentation and salivary gland histopathology of paediatric primary Sjogren's syndrome

ObjectiveExplore the presentation, diagnostic criteria and exocrine gland histopathology of paediatric primary Sjogren's syndrome (PPSjS).MethodsA case series of 8 children is reported and American-European Consensus Group (AECG-2002) criteria were examined, as well as minor labial salivary and lachrymal gland biopsies, which were scored by a pathologist blinded to outcome. For all cases, connective tissue diseases and parotid-related infectious disease were excluded.ResultsAge at onset varied from 5-13 years old; 6 were females, all followed from diagnosis up to the last visit (1-10 years). The main features at presentation were recurrent tender parotid swelling and sialectasis imaging, with decreased salivary function assessed by Tc-99 scintigraphy. Mild sicca symptoms were observed in 4/8 cases. Systemic features, including fatigue, myalgia, arthritis, tenosynovitis, joint contractures, transient Raynaud's and high ESR, were recorded at onset. Autoantibody profile was unremarkable for diagnosis, while lymphocytic infiltration of labial salivary glands and sialectasis were observed in all biopsies (8/8). In lachrymal glands, massive lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic gastritis were observed during complementary assessment. Flares were treated with low dose steroids and long-term use of hydroxychloroquine (5/8), although only 318 fulfilled AECG-2002 diagnostic criteria, throughout the disease course.ConclusionPPSjS is rare, slowly progressive and its early presentation is variable. Standardised diagnostic algorithms should include recurrent parotid swelling and early diagnosis should rely mostly on salivary and lachrymal gland histopathology in this age group.

Procalcitonin in children with sepsis and septic shock

Objectives: To study the behavior of procalcitonin and to verify whether it can be used to differentiate children with septic conditions.Methods: Children were enrolled prospectively from among those aged 28 days to 14 years, admitted between January 2004 and December 2005 to the pediatric intensive care unit at Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP with sepsis or septic shock. The children were classified as belonging to one of two groups: the sepsis group (SG; n = 47) and the septic shock group (SSG; n = 43). Procalcitonin was measured at admission (TO) and again 12 hours later (T12h), and the results classed as: < 0.5 ng/mL = sepsis unlikely; >= 0.5 to < 2 = sepsis possible; >= 2 to < 10 = systemic inflammation and : 10 = septic shock.Results: At T0 there was a greater proportion of SSG patients than SG patients in the highest PCT class [SSG: 30 (69.7%) > SG: 14 (29.8%); p < 0.05]. The proportion of SSG patients in this highest PCT class was greater than in all other classes (>= 10 = 69.7%; >= 2 to < 10 = 18.6%; >= 0.5 to < 2 = 11.6%; < 0. 5 = 0.0%; p < 0.05). The behavior of procalcitonin at T12h was similar to at T0. The pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores for the SSG patients in the highest procalcitonin class were more elevated than for children in the SG [SSG: 35.15 (40.5-28.7) vs. SG: 18.6 (21.4-10.2); p < 0.05].Conclusions: Procalcitonin allows sepsis to be differentiated from septic shock, can be of aid when diagnosing septic conditions in children and may be related to severity.

Hematologia de tilápias-do-nilo alimentadas com dietas com óleos vegetais e estimuladas pelo frio

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de dietas com diferentes relações entre ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-6 e ômega-3 nos parâmetros hematológicos e lipídeos plasmáticos de tilápias-do-nilo, antes e após estímulo pelo frio. Foram utilizados 320 alevinos invertidos para macho (±7,5 g), distribuídos aleatoriamente em 40 tanques (250 L) e alimentados com oito dietas: basal (sem adição de óleo), 6% de óleo de girassol (OG), 5% de OG + 1% de óleo de linhaça (OL), 4% de OG + 2% OL, 3% de OG + 3% de OL, 2% de OG + 4% de OL, 1% de OG + 5% de OL e 6% de OL. Os parâmetros hematológicos e os lipídeos plasmáticos foram determinados ao final de 85 dias de cultivo e após três dias de estímulo pelo frio. Não houve efeito das dietas sobre nenhuma das variáveis analisadas no período anterior ao estímulo. O número de leucócitos foi reduzido em peixes alimentados com a dieta 6% de OL, após estímulo pelo frio. O estímulo pelo frio provocou um declínio do estado geral de saúde, como leucopenia. Tilápias-do-nilo alimentadas com dietas com 6% de OL apresentaram menor resistência ao frio.

Bioestimulação da atividade reprodutiva de coelhas lactantes em regime de monta natural

Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito da separação mãe-ninhada sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de coelhas lactantes e ponderal das ninhadas até aos 70 dias de idade. Examinaram-se 415 exposições ao macho de 157 fêmeas lactantes distribuídas em dois grupos: controle, com livre acesso ao ninho, e tratado, cujo acesso bloqueou-se entre o sétimo e o nono dias pós-parto, durante as 39 horas que precederam a cobrição. Das 415 exposições ao macho, 387 resultaram em cobrições e 264 em partos. As fêmeas tratadas, de quinta lactação em diante, apresentaram receptividade e taxa de parição, respectivamente, 6,7% e 10,8% maiores em comparação às fêmeas do grupo controle. Não se constatou efeito da interação tratamento x ordem de lactação, ou do tratamento, com respeito ao número de láparos/ninhada à desmama e nos 70 dias de idade. em ninhadas de primíparas, a taxa de mortalidade da separação até 70 dias de idade foi maior no grupo tratado, em relação ao controle (0,248±0,047 vs. 0,120±0,047). O peso total da ninhada à desmama foi inferior no grupo tratado, do que no controle (5.753±93 g vs. 6.222±89 g) em todas as ordens. Todavia, não se observou diferença no peso total ou médio da ninhada nos 70 dias de idade. O tratamento também reduziu o peso individual à desmama (912,4±4,9 g vs. 962,7±4,5 g) em todas as ordens de lactação, entretanto, elevou o ganho de peso médio diário pós-desmama (32,25±0,19 g/d vs. 31,44±0,17 g/d), proporcionando a ocorrência de ganho compensatório neste período. Pode-se recomendar a separação temporária mãe-ninhada para melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo de coelhas lactantes multíparas; mas deve ser evitada para as primíparas, devido à elevação da taxa de mortalidade das ninhadas.

Penetration of zona-free hamster, bovine and equine oocytes by stallion and bull spermatozoa pretreated with equine follicular fluid, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine or calcium ionophore A23187

Experiments evaluated the ability of follicular fluid (FF), dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (PC12) and the calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) to induce capacitation in stallion and bull spermatozoa, determined by the ability of the spermatozoa to penetrate zona-free hamster, bovine and equine oocytes. Spermatozoa suspensions were incubated at 37 degreesC in one of the following treatments: 1) a modified Tyrode's medium (BGM3) alone, 2) BGM3 + FF; 3) BGM3 + PC12; 4) BGM3 + FF + PC12; 5) BGM3 + A23187; and 6) BGM3 + FF + A23187. Treated spermatozoa were incubated with zona-free hamster, bovine and equine oocytes for 3 h, after which oocytes were stained to assess spermatozoa penetration. The number of hamster oocytes penetrated by spermatozoa incubated in BGM3 alone (1/30) or in presence of FF (2/31) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than by spermatozoa treated with PC12 or A23187 (16/30 and 17/30, respectively). Processing stallion spermatozoa either by a swim-up procedure or by centrifugation through a Percoll gradient increased the percentages of motile spermatozoa in the final sample, and spermatozoa collected by both processes penetrated similar numbers of zona-free hamster oocytes (P > 0.05). Although treating spermatozoa with PC12 or A23187 enabled both stallion and bull spermatozoa to penetrate oocytes, higher numbers of bovine oocytes were penetrated by bull spermatozoa (25/30) than by stallion spermatozoa (4/30) regardless of spermatozoal treatment. However, the number of zona-free hamster and equine oocytes penetrated by bull spermatozoa (25/30 and 12/18 respectively) and stallion spermatozoa (17/30 and 15/21 respectively) were similar (P > 0.05). We conclude that both PC12 and A23187 capacitate stallion and bull spermatozoa sufficiently to permit the acrosome reaction to occur, enabling spermatozoa to penetrate homologous and heterologous zona-free oocytes. (C) 2001 by Elsevier B.V.

Association between handling stress in the corral and rabies antibody titers in selenium-supplemented cattle

This study determined the correlation between serum cortisol levels and rabies antibody titers in cattle primo-vaccinated against rabies and supplemented with dietary selenium (Se). Sixty Nelore male calves (10 to 12 months old) received daily and individual dietary supplementation with 0, 3.6, 5.4 and 6.4 mg Se (groups Gc, G(3.6), G(5.4) and G(6.4), respectively). The animals were vaccinated against rabies (day 0) and subjected to handling stress in the corral for 120 days. Blood sampling procedures were performed on days 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120. Cortisol levels increased until day 90, but had dropped significantly by day 120 (P < 0.01). Rabies antibody titers on days 30 and 90 were similar among Se-supplemented groups; in the control group, rabies antibodies decreased significantly from day 30 to 60, and 90 to 120. Serum cortisol levels and antibody titers were not correlated in most of the groups or blood sampling days. A positive correlation among these variables was found only in G(6.4) on days 60 (R = 0.513; P = 0.05) and 120 (R = 0.644; P = 0.009). In conclusion, repeated handling in the corral stresses cattle, but without compromising rabies humoral immune response.

Rabies neutralizing antibody detection by indirect immunperoxidase serum neutralization assay performed on chicken embryo related cell line

The aim of this study was to evaluate the indirect immunoperoxidase virus neutralization (IPVN) and mouse neutralization test (MNT) to detect antibodies against rabies virus from vaccinated dogs and cattle. The IPVN was set up for the ability to measure 0.5 International Units/ml (IU) of antibody required by the World Health Organization and the Office International des Epizooties as the minimum response for proof of rabies immunization. IPVN was developed and standardized in chicken embryo related (CER) cell line when 141 dog and 110 cattle sera were applied by serial five-fold dilutions (1:5, 1:25, 1:125) as well as the positive and negative reference controls, all added in four adjacent wells, of 96-well microplates. A 50 µl amount of CVS32 strain dilution containing 50-200 TCID50/ml was mixed to each serum dilution, and after 90 min 50 µl of 3 x 10(5) cells/mlcell suspension added to each well. After five days of incubation, the monolayers were fixed and the IPVN test performed. The correlation coefficient between the MNT and IPVN performed in CER cells was r = 0.9949 for dog sera (n = 100) and r = 0.9307 for cattle sera (n = 99), as well as good specificity (94.7%), sensitivity (87.5%), and agreement (96.6%) were also obtained. IPVN technique can adequately identify vaccinated and unvaccinated animals, even from low-responding vaccinated animals, with the advantage of low cost and faster then MNT standard test.

Long-term nano-mechanical properties of biomodified dentin-resin interface components

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of Laser Fluorescence in the Monitoring of the Initial Stage of the De-/Remineralization Process: An in vitro and in situ Study

This study aimed to evaluate laser fluorescence (LF) for monitoring the initial stage of subsurface de- and remineralization (<150 mu m depth). Ninety-six sound blocks of bovine enamel, selected according to surface hardness (SH) and LF were used in two experimental studies, in vitro and in situ. In vitro, blocks were exposed to a demineralizing solution, then remineralized by pH cycling for 6 days. In situ, 10 volunteers wore acrylic palatal appliances, each containing 4 dental enamel blocks that were demineralized for 14 days by exposure to 20% sucrose solution. Following this treatment, blocks were submitted to remineralization for 1 week with fluoride dentifrice (1,100 mu g F/g). In both experiments, SH and LH were measured after demineralization and after remineralization. Further, enamel blocks were selected after the demineralization/remineralization steps for measurement of cross-sectional hardness and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (Delta KHN). SH and Delta KHN showed significant differences among the phases in each study. LF values for sound, demineralized and remineralized enamel were: 5.2 +/- 1.1, 8.1 +/- 1.2 and 5.6 +/- 0.8, respectively, in the in vitro study, and 5.3 +/- 0.3, 16.5 +/- 4.7 and 6.5 +/- 2.5, respectively, in the in situ study, values for demineralized enamel being significantly higher than for sound and remineralized enamel in both studies. However, LF was correlated with Delta KHN only in situ. LF was capable of monitoring de- and remineralization in early lesions in situ, when bacteria are presumably present in the caries lesion body, but is not correlated with mineral changes in bacteria-free systems. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

In vitro cytotoxicity of five glass-ionomer cements

To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of five glass-ionomer cements (GICs) on an odontoblast cell line (MDPC-23), disks of every material were prepared and divided into Group 1: Vitrebond, Group 2: Vitremer, Group 3: Fuji IILC, Group 4: Fuji IX GP, Group 5: Ketac-Molar, Group 6: Z-100 (positive control). In Group 7, phosphate-buffered saline solution (negative control) was applied on filter paper. After placing the samples in the bottom of wells, the cells (30,000 cells/cm(2)) were plated and incubated for 72 h. The cell number was counted, the cell morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and the cell metabolism was evaluated using methyltetrazolium assay. The statistical analysis of Kruskal-Wallis was used to determine if the scores obtained for the cell metabolism and number of cells were different at the 95% confidence level. In groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 the materials decreased the cell number by 74.5% 75.5%, 45.5%, 29.5%, 32.5%, and 88.5%, respectively. In groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the experimental GICs reduced the cell metabolism by 79%, 84%, 54%, 40%, and 42.5%, respectively. Despite the fact that all experimental materials were cytotoxic to the MDPC-23 cells, the GICs were the least cytotoxic. on the other hand, the RMGICs caused the highest cytophatic effects. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chlorhexidine increases the longevity of in vivo resin-dentin bonds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of implant surface topography on early osseointegration: A histological study in human jaws

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the oxidized surface on bone-to-implant contact (BIC%), the bone density in the threaded area (BA %), as well as the bone density outside the threaded area (BD%) in human jaws after 2 months of unloaded healing. Thirteen subjects (mean age 42.61 +/- 6.15 years) received two microimplants (2.5 mm diameter and 6 mm length) each, during conventional mandible or maxilla implant surgery. The microimplants with commercially pure titanium surfaces (machined) and oxidized surfaces served as the control and test surfaces, respectively. After 2 months, the microimplants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for histomorphometric analysis. All microimplants, except two machined and one oxidized microimplant surfaces, were found to be clinically stable after the healing period. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC % was (21.71 +/- 13.11) % and (39.04 +/- 15.75) % for machined and oxidized microimplant surfaces, respectively. The BD% was higher for the oxidized surface, although there was no difference for maxilla and mandible. The oxidized surface impacted the BA% for the type-IV bone. Data suggest that the oxidized surface presented a higher bone-to-implant contact rate compared with machined surfaces under unloaded conditions, after a healing period of 2 months. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Postoperative periodontal pain prevention using two dexamethasone medication protocols: A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)