K-ATP(+) Channels-Independent Analgesic Action of Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom

The effect was investigated of the K+ channel blocker, glibenclamide, on the ability of Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom (CDCM) to promote peripheral antinociception. This was measured by formalin-induced nociception in male Swiss mice. CDCM (200 and 300 mu g/kg) produced an antinociceptive effect during phase 2 in the formalin test. The effect of CDCM (200 mu g/kg) was unaffected by the ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker glibenclamide (2 mg/kg). These results suggest that CDCM is effective against acute pain. However, the ATP-sensitive K+ channels pathway is not contributable to the antinoeiceptive mechanism of CDCM.

Effects of biofertilizer rates on the structural, morphogenetic and productive characteristics of Piata grass

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different levels of biofertilizers from cattle and swine manure on the structural, morphogenetic and productive characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piata. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with split plots. The plots were defined by eight treatments: two biofertilizers (cattle and swine), four levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N.ha(-1)) and subplots by four different cutting periods. The cutting for plant uniformity was performed at 45 days after sowing at 15 cm above the soil surface. The biofertilizeres were applied in a single level, after the cutting of plants, in rates of 0, 0.23 and 0.19, 0.45 and 0.38, 0.68 and 0.57 liters pot(-1) for the biofertilizers from cattle and swine manure, respectively. These rates were also equivalent to levels of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N.ha(-1). There was no significant difference between the types of biofertilizers as there was no interaction between them and the different levels, hence both biofertilizers could be applied without any loss of nutrient intake by the plants used in this experiment. There was a significant difference between the production of green and dry matter, the leaf appearance rate, phyllochron, leaf and pseudostem elongation rates, number of green leaves, final leaf length, number and weight of tillers, according to the increase of nitrogen rates, following linear prediction model. Effect of the cutting periods was also observed, once the plants harvested during the summer presented greater performance of structural and morphogenetic characteristics.

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009

This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.

Potencialidade energética em diferentes extratores e tempos de extração do óleo de pinhão-manso (jatropha curcas l.) em soxletter

The current rhythm of petroliferous exploration is esteem that the existing reserves will be depleted in next the 45 years. Thus being, it has that to study intensely, what it has come to be fact, the alternative power plants, as well as the technologies economically capable to ultilizar them. The potential demand of biodiesel for 2020 is taken in consideration that, in accordance with the International Agency of Energia (AIE), in only eight countries, will jump of 34,7 million tons in 2010 for 133,8 million in 2020, with an increment next to 300%. The tame nut is a producing oil plant with all the qualities necessary to be transformed into oil diesel. Beyond perennial and of easy culture, it presents good conservation of the harvested seed, being able to become great producer of substance cousin as optional fuel source. For these authors, this is a culture that can be developed in the small properties, with the available familiar man power, being plus a source of income for the country properties of the Northeast Region. The objective of this work is to evidence the capacity of oil production of the nut-bellwether, and the quality of extration with hexano and methanol in 6 distinct times.

Magneto Immunoassays for Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Related to Malaria based on Magnetic Nanoparticles

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of creatine supplementation on bone quality in the ovariectomized rat model: an FT-Raman spectroscopy study

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Spherical particles of phenolic resin treated with iron oxide

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of phenolic resins' thermospheres covered by a magnetic phase of iron oxide. The thermospheres were prepared by allowing phenol and formaldehyde to react under dispersion polymerization conditions and the iron oxide phase was incorporated in situ onto the phenolic resin particles by adding concentrated NH3 to FeCl2 in DMSO. This reaction was conducted at 70 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere in a controlled temperature vessel, and the modified resin was isolated and dried in vacuo. Both pure and modified resins were characterized by DRX, TG- DTA, and MEV/ EDX. The modified particles were attracted by a magnetic field, indicating the fixation of magnetic iron oxide. No diffraction peaks were observed in DRX analysis; thermal analysis ( DTA) of both pure and modified resins presented exothermic events between 300 and 680 degrees C, and 300 and 570 degrees C, respectively, indicating the microstructure of the resin was modified after the treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA) of the pure resin registered a 2.0% residue, compared to 8.0% for the modified resin. These residues correspond to about 7.0% of fixed iron oxide. MEV/ EDX analyses confirm the modification of the resins by the process of fixing iron oxide.

Infrared-to-visible upconversion in Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped PbO-GeO2 glass with silver nanoparticles

Enhanced frequency upconversion (UC) emission was studied in Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped PbO-GeO2 glass containing silver nanoparticles (NPs). Optical excitation was achieved with a laser operating at 980 nm in resonance with the Yb3+ transition F-4(5/2)-> F-4(7/2). The intensity of the whole UC spectrum from 400 to 700 nm was intensified due to the influence of silver NPs. The green and red emissions were enhanced by more than 300%. Emission bands centered at 408 nm and 480 nm were also detected corresponding to the H-2(9/2)-> I-4(15/2) and F-4(7/2)-> I-4(15/2) transitions of Er3+ ion. An intensity enhancement of approximate to 150% due to the NPs was measured. For the first time the influence of silver NPs on the blue emission of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped PbO-GeO2 glass is reported. The large enhancement in the whole UC spectrum is due to the increased local field in the Er3+ ions locations and the proximity between the luminescence wavelengths and the NPs surface plasmon resonance. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Semi-Tethered Test for Power Assessment in Running

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chemical process to separate iron oxides particles in pottery sample for EPR dating

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

MAXIMAL LACTATE STEADY-STATE INDEPENDENT of RECOVERY PERIOD DURING INTERMITTENT PROTOCOL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Creatine does not promote hypertrophy in skeletal muscle in supplemented compared with nonsupplemented rats subjected to a similar workload

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hematologia e sinais clínicos de Piaractus mesopotamicus infectados experimentalmente com Aeromonas hydrophila

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hematological response and clinical sign of Piaractus mesopotamicus infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Were used 324 pacus, P. mesopotamicus weighing 102.84 [plus or minus] 27.1 g distributed in 27 water tanks with 300 L of capacity, 14 fish per tank. The fish were kept in the water tanks during one month, receiving appropriate diet. In this period was avoided stressing management. After this period, the fish were infected with 6 X 108 cfu of A. hydrophila fish-1, injected intraperitoneally. The blood collection was carried 24th before experimental infection and 2411 after its. The A. hydrophila infection in P. mesopotamicus is characterized by dark skin and clinical signs related to hemorrhage, hypochromic normocytic anemia, decrease on plasmatic proteins and globulins levels, leucopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia and monocytosis.

Functional evidence that the central renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the pressor response induced by central injection of carbachol

We investigated the effects of losartan, an AT 1-receptor blocker, and ramipril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, on the pressor response induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) and carbachol (a cholinergic receptor agonist). Male Holtzman rats (250-300 g) with a stainless steel cannula implanted into the lateral ventricle (LV) were used. The injection of losartan (50 nmol/l μl) into the LV blocked the pressor response induced by ANG II (12 ng/l μl) and carbachol (2 nmol/l μl). After injection of ANG II and carbachol into the LV, mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased to 31 ± 1 and 28 ± 2 mmHg, respectively. Previous injection of losartan abolished the increase in MAP induced by ANG II and carbachol into the LV (2 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 mmHg, respectively). The injection of ramipril (12 ng/l μl) prior to carbachol blocked the pressor effect of carbachol to 7 ± 3 mmHg. These results suggest an interaction between central cholinergic pathways and the angiotensinergic system in the regulation of arterial blood pressure.

Calibration of therapeutic ultrasound equipment

Temporal and spatial acoustic intensity (SATA) of therapeutic ultrasound (US) equipment should be monitored periodically. In order to evaluate the conditions of US equipment in use in the city of Piracicaba-Sao Paulo, Brazil, 31 machines - representing all Brazilian manufacturers - were analysed under continuous and pulsed conditions at a frequency of 1 MHz. Data about temporal and spatial acoustic intensity were collected and the use of equipment was surveyed. Intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 Wcm -2, indicated on the equipment panel were analysed using a previously calibrated digital radiation pressure scale, model UPM-DT-1 (Ohmic Instruments Co). The acoustic intensity (I) results were expressed as superior and inferior quartile ranges for transducers with metal surfaces of 9 cm 2 and an effective radiation area (ERA) Of 4 cm 2. The results under continuous conditions were: I 0.1 = -20.0% and -96%. I 0.2 = -3.1% and -83.7%. I 0.5 = -35.0% and -86.5%. I 0.8 = -37.5% and -71.0%. I 2.5 = -49.0% and -69.5%. I 3.0 = -58.1% and -77.6%. For pulsed conditions, intensities were: I 0.1 = -40.0% and -86.2%. I 1.0 = -50.0% and -86.5%. I 1.5 = -62.5% and -82.5%. I 2.0 = -62.5% and -81.6%. I 2.5 = -64.7% and -88.8%. I 3.0 = -87.1% and -94.8%. In reply to the questionnaire drawn up to check the conditions of use of equipment, all users reported the use of hydrosoluble gel as a coupling medium and none had carried out previous calibrations. Most users used intensities in the range of 0.4. to 1.0 Wcm -2 and used machines for 300 to 400 minutes per week. The majority of machines had been bought during the previous seven years and weekly use ranged from less than 100 minutes to 700 minutes (11 hours 40 minutes). Findings confirm previous observations of discrepancy between the intensity indicated on the equipment panel and that emitted by the transducer and highlight the necessity for periodic evaluations of US equipment.