Desinfestação de sementes e multiplicação in vitro de guabijuzeiro a partir de segmentos apicais juvenis (Myrcianthes pungens O.Berg) D. Legrand

O guabijuzeiro é uma árvore perenifólia de 15 a 25 metros de altura. Seus frutos são comestíveis e contêm uma ou duas sementes. Ocorre no Brasil desde São Paulo até o Rio Grande do Sul. Dentre as fruteiras silvestres, esta espécie possui várias características que a tornam com potencialidades de utilização comercial, nas quais as mais importantes estão relacionadas com a frutificação. Sua propagação é realizada por sementes e são escassas as informações sobre a propagação vegetativa. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a desinfestação de sementes e a multiplicação in vitro de guabijuzeiro. Os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Biotecnologia em Horticultura da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS. O teste de desinfestação iniciou com a imersão das sementes em etanol 70% por 1 minuto, seguido de solução de hipoclorito de sódio nas concentrações de 0; 2; 4; 6 e 8%. O meio de cultura utilizado nos experimentos foi o WPM com 30 g.L-1 de sacarose e 7 g.L-1de ágar. Para o teste de multiplicação, foram utilizados segmentos apicais de plântulas provenientes de sementes germinadas in vitro. Os tratamentos consistiram em concentrações de BAP (0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1 e 2 mg.L-1). Como resultados, as concentrações entre 4 e 6% de hipoclorito de sódio mostram-se mais vantajosas, pois além de serem eficientes na desinfestação, influenciarem positivamente a germinação. Para a multiplicação, o cultivo de segmentos apicais em meio com o BAP em concentrações de até 1 mg.L-1 foi eficiente.

El taller ceràmic d'època romana del carrer Princesa de Barcelona. Estudi arqueològic de les restes i estudi arqueomètric del material ceràmic

Les excavacions arqueològiques recents realitzades al carrer Princesa 21 de Barcelona han tret a la llum noves evidències de la producció de ceràmica romana a l"àrea perifèrica de Barcino. Aquest taller ceràmic presenta dues fases cronològiques, des del començament del segle I dC fins al II dC, i va produir àmfores Pascual 1 i Dressel 2-4, ceràmica comuna, tegulae i pondii. L"origen d"aquest taller està relacionat amb la fundació de la colònia romana de Barcino i la imposició de les estructures econòmiques i socials romanes. Fins avui, s"han caracteritzat 42 fragments d"àmfores Pascual 1, 2 pondii i 4 mostres d"argila mitjançant la tècnica de Fluorescència de Raigs X (FRX) en l"estudi de procedència, i les composicions mineralògiques s"han determinat mitjançant anàlisis per Difracció de Raigs X (DRX) per entendre"n les característiques tecnològiques. Aquestes anàlisis demostren una producció amfòrica homogènia i estandarditzada, realitzada amb una pasta calcària normalment cuita a alta temperatura.

Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants.

One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. We used data from 751 studies including 4,372,000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Wellcome Trust.

Comparison of some properties of 2,3 - and 3,4 - dimethoxybenzoates of Cu(II), Co(II) and Nd(III)

The physicochemical properties of 2,4-, and 3,4- dimethoxybenzoates of Cu(II), Co(II) and Nd(III) were studied and compared to observe the -OCH3 substituent positions in benzene ring on the character of complexes. The analysed compounds are crystalline hydrated or anhydrous salts with colours depending on the kind of central ions: blue for Cu(II), pink for Co(II) and violet for Nd(III) complexes. The carboxylate groups bind as monodentate, bidentate bridging or chelating and even tridentate ligands. Their thermal stabilities were studied in air at 293-1173K. When heated the hydrated complexes release the water molecules and form anhydrous compounds which are then decomposed to the oxides of respective metals. Their magnetic moment values were determined in the range of 76-303K. The results reveal the compounds of Nd(III) and Co(II) to be the high-spin and that of Cu(II) forms dimer. The various positions of -OCH3 groups in benzene ring influence some of physicochemical properties of analysed compounds.

Factors predicting mortality in type 2 diabetes. With special reference to physical exercise, blood pressure, proteinuria, inflammation and P wave duration

Background: Type 2 diabetes patients have a 2-4 fold risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. In type 2 diabetes, several CVD risk factors have been identified, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, proteinuria, sedentary lifestyle and dyslipidemia. Although much of the excess CVD risk can be attributed to these risk factors, a significant proportion is still unknown. Aims: To assess in middle-aged type 2 diabetic subjects the joint relations of several conventional and non-conventional CVD risk factors with respect to cardiovascular and total mortality. Subjects and methods: This thesis is part of a large prospective, population based East-West type 2 diabetes study that was launched in 1982-1984. It includes 1,059 middle-aged (45-64 years old) participants. At baseline, a thorough clinical examination and laboratory measurements were performed and an ECG was recorded. The latest follow-up study was performed 18 years later in January 2001 (when the subjects were 63-81 years old). The study endpoints were total mortality and mortality due to CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Results: Physically more active patients had significantly reduced total, CVD and CHD mortality independent of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels unless proteinuria was present. Among physically active patients with a hs-CRP level >3 mg/L, the prognosis of CVD mortality was similar to patients with hs-CRP levels ≤3 mg/L. The worst prognosis was among physically inactive patients with hs-CRP levels >3 mg/L. Physically active patients with proteinuria had significantly increased total and CVD mortality by multivariate analyses. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with proteinuria and a systolic BP <130 mmHg had a significant increase in total and CVD mortality compared to those with a systolic BP between 130 and 160 mmHg. The prognosis was similar in patients with a systolic BP <130 mmHg and ≥160 mmHg. Among patients without proteinuria, a systolic BP <130 mmHg was associated with a non-significant reduction in mortality. A P wave duration ≥114 ms was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in stroke mortality among patients with prevalent CHD or claudication. This finding persisted in multivariable analyses. Among patients with no comorbidities, there was no relationship between P wave duration and stroke mortality. Conclusions: Physical activity reduces total and CVD mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes without proteinuria or with elevated levels of hs-CRP, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of physical activity can counteract increased CVD morbidity and mortality associated with a high CRP level. In patients with proteinuria the protective effect was not, however, present. Among patients with proteinuria, systolic BP <130 mmHg may increase mortality due to CVD. These results demonstrate the importance of early intervention to prevent CVD and to control all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. The presence of proteinuria should be taken into account when defining the target systolic BP level for prevention of CVD deaths. A prolongation of the duration of the P wave was associated with increased stroke mortality among high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. P wave duration is easy to measure and merits further examination to evaluate its importance for estimation of the risk of stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Mobilização de água e conservação da viabilidade de embriões de sementes recalcitrantes de ingá (Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Pennington)

Sementes anidrobióticas (ortodoxas) podem ter seu teor de água reduzido a valores suficientemente baixos para minimizar o metabolismo e, dessa forma, manter a viabilidade por períodos prolongados. Sementes não-anidrobióticas (recalcitrantes) não perdem sua viabilidade desde que o teor de água seja mantido acima de determinados valores em que a quantidade da água ainda é elevada para manter o metabolismo ativo; no entanto, a longevidade dessas sementes é relativamente baixa. No presente trabalho procurou-se manter o teor de água dos embriões de ingá por meio do armazenamento em soluções de polietileno glicol 6000 (PEG), com potencial hídrico conhecido e pré-estabelecido, visando a prolongar a longevidade. Os resultados indicaram que embriões mantidos em substrato com solução de PEG a -2,4 MPa apresentaram germinação superior a 80% aos 90 dias de armazenamento a 10 ºC, enquanto os armazenados em substrato umedecido com água pura (0 MPa), na mesma temperatura, apresentaram germinação inferior a 60%.

A micromethod for quantitation of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine in urine by liquid chromatography

We describe a new simple, selective and sensitive micromethod based on HPLC and fluorescence detection to measure debrisoquine (D) and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine (4-OHD) in urine for the investigation of xenobiotic metabolism by debrisoquine hydroxylase (CYP2D6). Four hundred µl of urine was required for the analysis of D and 4-OHD. Peaks were eluted at 8.3 min (4-OHD), 14.0 min (D) and 16.6 min for the internal standard, metoprolol (20 µg/ml). The 5-µm CN-reverse-phase column (Shimpack, 250 x 4.6 mm) was eluted with a mobile phase consisting of 0.25 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0, and acetonitrile (9:1, v/v) at 0.7 ml/min with detection at lexcitation = 210 nm and lemission = 290 nm. The method, validated on the basis of measurements of spiked urine, presented 3 ng/ml (D) and 6 ng/ml (4-OHD) sensitivity, 390-6240 ng/ml (D) and 750-12000 ng/ml (4-OHD) linearity, and 5.7/8.2% (D) and 5.3/8.2% (4-OHD) intra/interassay precision. The method was validated using urine of a healthy Caucasian volunteer who received one 10-mg tablet of Declinax®, po, in the morning after an overnight fast. Urine samples (diuresis of 4 or 6 h) were collected from zero to 24 h. The urinary excretion of D and 4-OHD, Fel (0-24 h), i.e., fraction of dose administered and excreted into urine, was 6.4% and 31.9%, respectively. The hydroxylation capacity index reported as metabolic ratio was 0.18 (D/4-OHD) for the person investigated and can be compared to reference limits of >12.5 for poor metabolizers (PM) and <12.5 for extensive metabolizers (EM). In parallel, the recovery ratio (RR), another hydroxylation capacity index, was 0.85 (4-OHD: SD + 4-OHD) versus reference limits of RR <0.12 for PM and RR >0.12 for EM. The healthy volunteer was considered to be an extensive metabolizer on the basis of the debrisoquine test.

Impact of a 2-year intervention program on cardiometabolic profile according to the number of goals achieved

We investigated the impact of lifestyle goal achievement on cardiovascular risk factors after a 2-year behavioral intervention program applied to 394 adults (113 with diabetes, mean age 60.2 ± 11.4 years, 56% women) and targeting four goals: ≥5% weight loss; ≥150 min/week physical activities; <10% saturated fat intake/day; ≥400 g fruit and vegetable intake/day. Baseline characteristics and changes in variables after intervention among the four categories of number of goals achieved (none, 1, 2, and ≥3) were compared by independent ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test. Individuals without diabetes achieving a higher number of goals were more likely to be older (3 or 4 goals: 61.8 ± 12.6 years vs none: 53.3 ± 10.3 years, P < 0.05) and to have a lower mean BMI (3 or 4 goals: 21.7 ± 2.6 kg/m² vs none: 29.0 ± 4.8 kg/m², P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (3 or 4 goals: 77.3 ± 2.1 mmHg vs none: 85.4 ± 9.6 mmHg, P < 0.05), triglyceride (3 or 4 goals: 116.1 ± 95.1 mg/dL vs none: 144.8 ± 65.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and insulin levels (3 or 4 goals: 3.6 ± 2.4 μU/L vs none: 5.7 ± 4.0 μU/L, P < 0.05) than those achieving fewer goals. The absolute changes in cardiovascular risk factors tended to be more pronounced with increasing number of goals achieved in individuals without diabetes. The intervention had a beneficial impact on the cardiometabolic profile of individuals with normal or altered glucose metabolism. The number of goals achieved in this lifestyle intervention was associated with the magnitude of improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals without diabetes. Participants with a better cardiometabolic profile seemed to be more likely to have a healthy lifestyle.

« L'istoire des faitz du conte Simon de Montfort et des chevalleries et proesses qu'il fist en la terre d'Aubigays ; » traduction française de la Chronique de PIERRE DES VAUX-DE-CERNAY.

Début : « En l'an de l'incarnacion nostre Seigneur Jhesucrist mil CC. VI. ans... » — A la fin, la signature du copiste du ms. « J. Guillon. » Au bas du f. 1, et dans l'initiale, blason peint : écartelé, au 1 et 3 d'hermine, au 2 et 4 d'argent à 2 fasces de gueules ; au bas du feuillet l'écu est mi-parti du précédent, et écartelé de France et de Montmorency, avec un lion d'argent sur fond de gueules, brochant sur le tout.

« Depesches de S. E. [le cardinal Mazarin] à Mgr Le Tellier, depuis le 4 juin 1650 jusques au retour du voyage de Bourdeaux, à la fin du mois de decembre de la mesme année ». Copies.

Contient : 1 à 6 Six lettres du cardinal MAZARIN à Michel Le Tellier, secrétaire d'État. Du 4 au 6 juin 1650 ; 7 « Lettre de Mr le marquis DU PLESSIS » au cardinal MAZARIN. « A La Fere, le 5 juin 1650 » ; 8 à 29 Vingt-deux lettres du cardinal MAZARIN à Michel Le Tellier. Des 6 à 8, 10 à 18 juin 1650 ; 30 « Lettre de [HUGUES] DE LIONNE à [Michel] Le Tellier. Du 19 juin 1650, à Compiegne » ; 31 Lettre du cardinal MAZARIN à Michel Le Tellier. Du 21 juin 1650 ; 32 « Lettre de Mr DE LIONNE à Mrs de Servien et Le Tellier. A Compiegne, ce 21 juin 1650 » ; 33 à 121 Quatre-vingt-neuf lettres du cardinal MAZARIN à Michel Le Tellier. Des 22 à 25, 27, 28 juin, 8 à 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26 à 31 juillet, 4, 6 à 8, 11 à 22, 25, 28 à 31 août, 4 et 5 septembre 1650 ; 122 et 123 Deux lettres de HUGUES « DE LIONNE à [Michel] Le Tellier ». Des 10 et 12 septembre 1650 ; 124 à 190 Soixante-sept lettres du cardinal MAZARIN à Michel Le Tellier. Des 17, 18, 23 à 25, 28, 30 septembre, 2 à 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21 à 23, 25, 27 à 31 octobre, 2 à 5, 7 à 9 novembre, 2 à 8, 10, 13 à 18, 21 et 22 décembre 1650 ; 191 « Memoire de S. E. [le cardinal MAZARIN], escript à Mr Le Tellier. Du 22 decembre 1650 » ; 192 à 202 Onze lettres du cardinal MAZARIN à Michel Le Tellier. Des 23, 24, 26, 29, 30 décembre, 2, 18 septembre, 12 à 14 octobre 1650

« La liste des seigneurs, barons, chevaliers et gentilshommes, envoyez en France par Elizabeth, royne d'Angleterre, pour confirmer la ligue d'entre le très victorieux et très magnanime roy, Charles neufiesme, et ladicte dame, à present regnantz ».

Tel est le titre qu'on lit au r° du feuillet 1 de ce volume. Au bas de ce feuillet on a ajouté, faisant allusion aux membres de cette ambassade : « Arrivez à Paris le 8 juin 1572 ». Les feuillets 2-4 sont occupés par un prologue adressé « au roy » Charles IX, par l'auteur de cette liste, lequel se dit « son très humble serviteur, secretaire et historiographe ès langues angloise, galoise, irlandoise et escossoise », et signe : « JEHAN BENARD ». Les feuillets 5 à 25 donnent des noms des principaux personnages de cette ambassade, à commencer par l'ambassadeur, « le comte de Lyncolne,... Edouard Fines,... admiral d'Angleterre », de courtes notices, précédées pour la plupart de leurs noms et de leurs armoiries peintes. « Les gentilz hommes de moindre degré et condition que les susnommez », sont simplement énumérés ; après quoi l'auteur termine ainsi : «... Oultre les susnommez seigneurs, barons, chevaliers et gentilz-hommes, monsieur l'admiral a à sa suite XXXV gentilzhommes de sa maison » et « ses autres serviteurs, appellez Yemen, par terme du païs, reduitz au nombre de XXXVI », lesquels « ont pareilz manteaux de livrée » que les gentilshommes de sa maison, « mais au lieu de veloux, ilz ont une bande de drap noir sur chasque manteau avec passement rouge ». Lettres ornées, armoiries peintes.