992 resultados para 199-1217


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El crecimiento exponencial de la información, la irrupción masiva de las TICS que requieren alfabetización tecnológica y la necesidad de analizar continuamente la información para verificar su autenticidad, validez y credibilidad han provocado la ruptura del actual paradigma educativo, haciendo practicamente imprescindible una formación continua en cada vez más profesiones. El artículo profundiza en la necesidad de la formación ALFIn en la educación superior analizando el papel de las bibliotecas universitarias en este proceso. Se definen la principales técnicas para fomentar la autonomia del alumnado, centrandonos en el papel de los recursos educativos abiertos y se describen los principales modelos y normas en materia de alfabetización informacional.

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Durante las últimas décadas la industria maquiladora ha sido la principal fuente de empleo industrial femenino en Centroamérica y el Caribe. Las precarias condiciones de trabajo, los bajos salarios y la falta de respeto de los derechos laborales han recibido numerosas críticas. No obstante, más allá de las controversias sobre los posibles efectos positivos del acceso al trabajo asalariado en el sector formal, hoy en día la situación de las mujeres empleadas en la maquila se enfrenta a un difícil porvenir. Por una parte, la posible desaparición de muchos de estos empleos, particularmente en el ensamblaje de prendas de vestir, debido a un nuevo marco regulador y la competencia de China y otros países asiáticos. Por otra parte, en los empleos que sobrevivan al ajuste, las condiciones laborales de las mujeres difícilmente van a mejorar en un sector principal fuente de ventaja competitiva es la continua rebaja de los costes de la mano de obra.

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<正> 1 发展背景对连铸生产的要求归结到一点就是高生产率下确保高质量。决定铸坯质量的重要因素之一是结晶器内钢水的流动和传热。结晶器内的流动支配着结晶器内夹杂物和气泡的上浮分离;弯月面附近的流动又支配着保护渣的卷吸及保护渣层熔融和铺展。因此,提高铸坯质量的关键是有效地控制结晶器内钢水的流动。

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分析了在均匀弹性介质中,分别用解析方法和三维波动有限元数值方法计算无限全空间近场地震动的格林函数的理论与方法。将震源处理分为:(1)计算单一位错点源单位脉冲引起的格林函数;(2)用有限断层模型将断面划分为若干子源并有时间延迟,叠加所有子源的格林函数。本文以1994年美国北岭地震为例,用解析法和数值方法分别计算了LV3、PCD、MCN三个场地的格林函数,并进行了对比分析。

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Referência: Diccionario Bibliographico Brazileiro / Sacramento Blake, 1898, v. 4, p. 199.

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Eguíluz, Federico; Merino, Raquel; Olsen, Vickie; Pajares, Eterio; Santamaría, José Miguel (eds.)

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Santamaría, José Miguel; Pajares, Eterio; Olsen, Vickie; Merino, Raquel; Eguíluz, Federico (eds.)

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O presidente da Constituinte o Deputado Ulysses Guimarães explica a importância da Nova Constituição do país e faz um apelo aos Constituintes. Depoimentos: Ulysses Guimarães (Presidente da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte).

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Eterio Pajares, Raquel Merino y José Miguel Santamaría (eds.)

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Adiabatic shear localization is a mode of failure that occurs in dynamic loading. It is characterized by thermal softening occurring over a very narrow region of a material and is usually a precursor to ductile fracture and catastrophic failure. This reference source is the first detailed study of the mechanics and modes of adiabatic shear localization in solids, and provides a systematic description of a number of aspects of adiabatic shear banding. The inclusion of the appendices which provide a quick reference section and a comprehensive collection of thermomechanical data allows rapid access and understanding of the subject and its phenomena. The concepts and techniques described in this work can usefully be applied to solve a multitude of problems encountered by those investigating fracture and damage in materials, impact dynamics, metal working and other areas. This reference book has come about in response to the pressing demand of mechanical and metallurgical engineers for a high quality summary of the knowledge gained over the last twenty years. While fulfilling this requirement, the book is also of great interest to academics and researchers into materials performance.

Table of Contents

1Introduction1
1.1What is an Adiabatic Shear Band?1
1.2The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands6
1.3Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur10
1.4Historical Aspects of Shear Bands11
1.5Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps14
1.6Scope of the Book20
2Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands24
2.1General Features24
2.2Deformed Bands27
2.3Transformed Bands28
2.4Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding35
2.5Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals44
3Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands54
3.1Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture54
3.2Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands57
3.3Metallurgical Implications69
3.4Effects of Stress State73
4Testing Methods76
4.1General Requirements and Remarks76
4.2Dynamic Torsion Tests80
4.3Dynamic Compression Tests91
4.4Contained Cylinder Tests95
4.5Transient Measurements98
5Constitutive Equations104
5.1Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour104
5.2Strain-Rate History Effects110
5.3Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour114
5.4Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals124
6Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands125
6.1Empirical Criteria125
6.2One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis134
6.3Localization Analysis140
6.4Experimental Verification146
7Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands155
7.1Post-Instability Phenomena156
7.2Scaling and Approximations162
7.3Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation167
7.4The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands171
7.5Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology179
7.6Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States187
8Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands194
8.1Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations194
8.2One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding199
8.3Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods213
8.4Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State218
9Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics229
9.1Planar Impact230
9.2Fragmentation237
9.3Penetration244
9.4Erosion255
9.5Ignition of Explosives261
9.6Explosive Welding268
10Selected Topics in Metalworking273
10.1Classification of Processes273
10.2Upsetting276
10.3Metalcutting286
10.4Blanking293
 Appendices297
AQuick Reference298
BSpecific Heat and Thermal Conductivity301
CThermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence312
DMaterials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands335
ESpecification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands341
FConversion Factors357
 References358
 Author Index369
 Subject Index375

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The distribution, abundance, and length composition of marine finfish, lobster, and squid in Long Island Sound were examined relative to season and physical features of the Sound, using Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection trawl survey data collected from 1984 to 1994. The following are presented: seasonal distribution maps for 59 species, abundance indices for 41 species, and length frequencies for 26 species. In addition, a broader view of habitat utilization in the Sound was examined by mapping aggregated catches (total catch per tow, demersal catch per tow, and pelagic catch per tow) and by comparing species richness and mean aggregate catch/tow by analysis of variance (ANOVA) among eight habitat types defined by depth interval and bottom type. For many individual species, seasonal migration patterns and preference for particular areas within Long Island Sound were evident. The aggregate distribution maps show that overall abundance was lower in the eastern Sound than the central and western portions. Demersal and pelagic temporal abundance show opposite trends—demersals were abundant in spring and declined through summer and fall, whereas pelagic abundance was low in spring and increased into fall. The analysis of habitat types revealed significant differences for both species richness and mean catch per tow. Generally, species richness was highest in habitats within the central area of the Sound and lowest in eastern habitats. The aggregate mean catch was highest in the western and central habitats, and declined eastward. (PDF file contains 199 pages.)

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ENGLISH: Analysis of yellowfin tuna size-composition data encompassing data for purse-seiners and baitboats, and including data collected prior to the Commission's sampling program, has permitted a more careful examination of variations in growth rates of yellowfin year classes. SPANISH: El análisis de los datos de la composición de tamaños del atún aleta amarilla correspondiente a los que provienen de los barcos rederos y de carnada, e incluyendo datos recolectados previamente al programa de muestreo de la Comisión, ha permitido un examen más cuidadoso de las variaciones en las tasas de crecimiento de las clases anuales del atún aleta amarilla.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un marco conceptual integrador de la literatura de capital intelectual. A partir de él, se analizará la elaboración de informes de capital intelectual en Asia, en particular, es una empresa con una posición competitiva privilegiada en India: Reliance Industries LTD.