Agronomi Veikko Ihamuotila 3/12 1973

Kirje 3.12.1973

Relatório dos Progressos Realizados para Atingir os ODM

Com o virar do século a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) decidiu que era propício e muito simbólico dar um novo impulso à própria Organização e comprometeu-se a combater a pobreza e as doenças que vitimam milhões de crianças em todo o mundo, a maioria das quais com menos de cinco anos, devido a causas totalmente evitáveis como a malária, a diarreia e a pneumonia. Assim, a 8 de Setembro de 2000, 189 Estados membros das ONU adoptaram os “Objectivos de Desenvolvimento do Milénio” (ODM) surgidos da Declaração do Milénio. Foram definidos oito objectivos — cada um deles, um compromisso específico para inverter a propagação da pobreza e das doenças — que são suportados por um Plano de Acção com 18 metas quantificáveis para combater a pobreza, a fome, a doença, o analfabetismo, a discriminação contra a mulher e a degradação ambiental. Muitas das metas dos ODM reflectem um nível de ambição modesto em termos de desenvolvimento humano que os países da ONU se comprometeram a atingir até 2015. Os Objectivos representam igualmente uma parceria entre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento tendo em vista criar um clima a nível nacional e mundial conducente ao desenvolvimento e à eliminação da pobreza. Essa parceria atribui responsabilidades muito claras aos países ricos em termos de prestação de mais ajuda; estabelecimento de regras comerciais mais justas; e alívio significativo da dívida dos países em desenvolvimento. Por seu turno os países em desenvolvimento comprometem-se a vencer o desafio que os ODM colocam. Cabo Verde aceitou o desafio lançado pela ONU para implementar um conjunto de acções estratégicas para que até o ano 2015 um conjunto de objectivos e metas seja realizado. Essa assumpção impõe a integração das metas e indicadores ODM nas políticas públicas nacionais.

Calcium antagonists as first-line therapy in hypertension: results of the Swiss Isradipine Study. Swiss Hypertension Society

In this study of the efficacy and safety of isradipine as first-line therapy in hypertension, 1,647 patients enrolled; 1,472 completed the 4-week placebo run-in period and began treatment with isradipine at 2.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. During placebo, 11% (n = 175) of the 1,647 patients withdrew because of normalization of blood pressure, side effects, noncompliance, violation of the study protocol, side effects from concomitant therapy, or other reasons. During isradipine therapy (n = 1,376), blood pressure decreased from 168 +/- 18/102 +/- 8 mm Hg at the end of the placebo period to 155 +/- 17/94 +/- 9 mm Hg after 2 weeks (p less than 0.001) and 151 +/- 16/92 +/- 9 mm Hg after 4 weeks (p less than 0.001). During active treatment, 6.4% (n = 94) were withdrawn because of flushing, headache, edema, palpitations, gastrointestinal side effects, skin rashes, or other side effects, and two patients because of lack of efficacy. The side effect score in the remaining patients worsened for flushing, remained unchanged for edema, but significantly improved for palpitations, fatigue, dizziness, headache, and nervousness. After 4 weeks, 60% of patients had diastolic blood pressures of less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. Thus, isradipine is effective and safe as first-line therapy in patients with primary hypertension as seen in general practice.

Heidelberg 24/XI -31

Kirje 24.11.1931

Effect of reducing sensory and environmental stimuli during hospitalized premature infant sleep

OBJECTIVETo compare the total sleep time of premature infant in the presence or absence of reducing sensory and environmental stimuli in the neonatal unit.METHODLongitudinal study in a Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit of a public hospital in Sao Paulo. The sample consisted of 13 premature infants. We used polysomnograph and unstructured observation for data collection. We analyzed 240 and 1200 minutes corresponding to the periods of the presence and absence of environmental management, respectively. Data were compared in proportion to the total sleep time in the two moments proposed by the study.RESULTSThe total sleep time in periods without environmental management was on average 696.4 (± 112.1) minutes and with management 168.5 (± 27.9) minutes, proportionally premature infant slept an average of 70.2% during periods with no intervention and 58.0% without management (p=0.002).CONCLUSIONReducing stimulation and handling of premature infant environment periods was effective to provide greater total sleep time.

Functional avidity of tumor antigen-specific CTL recognition directly correlates with the stability of MHC/peptide multimer binding to TCR.

Avidity of Ag recognition by tumor-specific T cells is one of the main parameters that determines the potency of a tumor rejection Ag. In this study we show that the relative efficiency of staining of tumor Ag-specific T lymphocytes with the corresponding fluorescent MHC class I/peptide multimeric complexes can considerably vary with staining conditions and does not necessarily correlate with avidity of Ag recognition. Instead, we found a clear correlation between avidity of Ag recognition and the stability of MHC class I/peptide multimeric complexes interaction with TCR as measured in dissociation kinetic experiments. These findings are relevant for both identification and isolation of tumor-reactive CTL.

Prise en charge de l'hépatite B chronique: un défi en évolution constante [Management of chronic hepatitis B].

Chronic hepatitis B predisposes to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B is aimed at halting viral replication and, thereby, hepatic inflammation. Treatment indication should be established carefully and with full knowledge of the advantages and limitations of currently available antiviral drugs. Patients on long-term nudcleos(t)ide analogue treatment should be followed regularly in order to avoid the appearance of antiviral resistance. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise overview of the diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B.

Informe preliminar del Crucero 6608 - 09 de invierno 1966 (Máncora - Ilo)

Describe las acciones desplegadas por el crucero del B.A.P. Unanue, correspondiente al invierno de 1967, en el que se investigó el área entre el 04º00´s y 17º35´S ocupándose de 168 estaciones de rutina distribuidas en 20 perfiles. Durante todo el recorrido se investigó la presencia de cardúmenes de peces por medio de los equipos de ecosonda y radar y se realizaron observaciones sobre presencia de aves y mamíferos marinos.