Condición reproductiva y fecundidad de Vinciguerria lucetia pecific durante el crucero BIC Humboldt 9808-09

Describe el estado reproductivo de Vinciguerria lucetia pacifici a través del análisis histológico de ovarios por grados latitudinales. Se elabora una escala de madurez sexual de cinco estadíos. Durante la ejecución del Crucero 9808-09, efectuado entre el 20 de agosto y el 18 de setiembre de 1998 la Vinciguerria lucetia pacifici se encontró en plena etapa de desove. La talla de los individuos estuvo comprendida entre 3,5 y 7,0 cm de longitud total. Esta especie tiene un desarrollo ovocitario asincrónico y un tipo de desove parcial. Se estimó la fecundidad parcial promedio en 309 ovocitos por hembra (DS=164).

Operación Eureka XXX, 7-8 agosto, 1974

Muestra un cuadro general continuo de las características del stock del recurso anchoveta, su evolución en el tiempo y espacio que posibilita dar las pautas para su adecuada administración.

Informe estadístico de los recursos hidrobiológicos de la pesca artesanal marina por especies, artes, meses y lugares de desembarque durante el segundo semestre del 2000

Estudia la muestra de la lista de especies desembarcadas por la pesquería artesanal, número de días muestreados, el consolidado de la flota artesanal por lugares de desembarque, el consolidado del estimado mensual de los desembarques de recursos hidrobiológicos por especies, el estimado de los desembarques de especies referido a lugares, el estimado de las desembarques de especies referido a artes y métodos de pesca; t el consolidado del estimado de los desembarques mensuales de especies por lugares referido a artes y método de pesca.

Kansanedustaja Veikko Svinhufvud 29/4 1963

Kirje 29.4.1963

QUALIDADE DO SONO, HIGIENE DO SONO, CRENÇAS DISFUNCIONAIS SOBRE O SONO, E TEMPERAMENTO EM ADOLESCENTES Estudo exploratório com adolescentes entre os 13 e os 19 anos

O sono desempenha um papel importante no desenvolvimento físico e emocional dos adolescentes (Del Ciampo, 2012). As perturbações de sono na adolescência são um problema com uma prevalência significativa (Mindell & Owens, 2010). As suas consequências interferem no bem-estar e no desenvolvimento saudável desta população (Hamilton, 2009). É atualmente reconhecida a pertinência do estudo dos determinantes do sono na adolescência. Esta investigação teve como primeiro objetivo descrever o padrão de sono, avaliar a perceção de qualidade do sono, a higiene do sono, as crenças disfuncionais em relação ao sono, e a relação entre o temperamento e o sono, numa amostra comunitária de adolescentes portugueses. Foram ainda consideradas como variáveis independentes o controlo parental da hora de deitar e a perceção de problemas de sono. Num segundo objetivo foi considerado o estudo das associações entre as variáveis. Como terceiro objetivo pretendeu-se avaliar a contribuição das variáveis para a qualidade do sono. Foram utilizadas as versões portuguesas de 4 questionários: a escala de Autoavaliação da Qualidade do Sono na Adolescência - AQSA, a Escala de Higiene do Sono para Adolescentes - EHSA, a Escala de Crenças Disfuncionais sobre o Sono – ECDS e o Questionário sobre o Temperamento no Início da Adolescência-Revisto – EATQ-R. Integraram a amostra 164 participantes, com idades entre os 13 e os 19 anos (M=15,37; DP=1,16). A recolha de dados teve lugar num Estabelecimento Público de Ensino Básico e Secundário, em Lisboa. Os resultados mostraram que os adolescentes dormem menos uma hora do que o recomendado durante a semana. A discrepância de horas dormidas durante a semana e o fim-de-semana é significativa (2h04). Apenas 27% dos pais participam no estabelecimento de horas para dormir. Os adolescentes da amostra apresentam valores médios de qualidade do sono, com piores resultados no domínio “acordar”; valores médios de higiene do sono com piores valores no domínio “estabilidade do sono”; e crenças pouco disfuncionais sobre o sono. 35% da amostra considera ter problemas de sono. As raparigas apresentam piores resultados na qualidade e higiene do sono, crenças mais disfuncionais sobre o sono. Os iv 4 constructos apresentam correlações significativas entre si. A higiene do sono, e os fatores do temperamento, “afetividade negativa”, “extroversão” e “controlo com esforço” mostraram ser preditores da qualidade do sono. No modelo final a idade, o género, o controlo parental e as crenças em relação ao sono mostraram não ter efeito em relação à qualidade do sono. O modelo preditivo explicou 33,5% da variabilidade da qualidade do sono.

Stable isotope compositions of mammoth teeth from Niederweningen, Switzerland: Implications for the Late Pleistocene climate, environment, and diet

Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of well-preserved mammoth teeth from the Middle Wurmian (40-70 ka) peat layer of Niederweningen, the most important mammoth site in Switzerland, were analysed to reconstruct Late Pleistocene palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions. Drinking water (delta(18)O values of approximately -12.3 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand were calculated front oxygen isotope compositions of mammoth tooth enamel apatite using a species-specific calibration for modern elephants. These delta(18)O(H2O) values reflect the mean oxygen isotope composition of the palaeo-precipitation and are similar to those directly measured for fate Pleistocene groundwater from aquifers in northern Switzerland and southern Germany. Using a present-day delta(18)O(H2)o-precipitation-air temperature relation for Switzerland, a mean annual air temperature (MAT) of around 4.3 +/- 2.1 degrees C can be calculated for the Middle Wurmian at this site. This MAT is in good agreement with palaeotemperature estimates on the basis of Middle Wurmian groundwater recharge temperatures and beetle assemblages. Hence, the climatic conditions in this region were around 4 degrees C cooler during the Middle Wurmian interstadial phase, around 45-50ka BP, than they are today. During this period the mammoths from Niederweningen lived in an open tundra-like, C(3) plant-dominated environment as indicated by enamel (delta(13)C values of -11.5 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand and pollen and macroplant fossils found in the embedding peat. The low variability of enamel delta(13)C and delta(18)O values from different mammoth teeth reflects similar environmental conditions and supports a relatively small time frame for the fossil assemblage. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

Aspectos oceanográficos en el invierno 2008: Crucero pelágico BIC Humboldt 0806-07

El Crucero BIC Humboldt 0806-07 se desarrolló del 3 de junio al 17 de julio 2008 en todo el mar peruano, como una evaluación hidroacústica del jurel (Trachurus murphyi) y la caballa (Scomber japonicus). Se registraron condiciones atípicas y grandes áreas de mezcla para la época. Las observaciones más importantes fueron: (1) las temperaturas fluctuaron entre 15,9 y 24,8 °C originando anomalías térmicas superficiales hasta de 2,6 °C en la zona norte, y anomalías próximas a lo normal en la zona sur; (2) la salinidad entre los 5 y 10°S mostró rezagos de la proyección de aguas ecuatoriales y tropicales durante el verano; (3) en la zona central se observó una marcada advección hacia la costa de aguas subtropicales superficiales entre Huarmey y Cerro Azul, formando una barrera para las aguas frías procedentes del sur; (4) estas aguas, al no proyectarse hacia el norte, giraron hacia el oeste originando mezclas y desplazamiento longitudinal de isotermas; (5) el afloramiento en general se mostró débil y restringido a la zona costera, principalmente entre San Juan y Ocoña; (6) en el nivel subsuperficial se registró una proyección de la Extensión Sur de la Corriente de Cromwell hasta el Callao; (7) en el sur, frente a Ocoña, se observó la presencia de Aguas Templadas de la Subantártica entre 25-70 mn y en la sección La Concordia fuera de las 250 mn.

The population genetics of clonal and partially clonal diploids.

The consequences of variable rates of clonal reproduction on the population genetics of neutral markers are explored in diploid organisms within a subdivided population (island model). We use both analytical and stochastic simulation approaches. High rates of clonal reproduction will positively affect heterozygosity. As a consequence, nearly twice as many alleles per locus can be maintained and population differentiation estimated as F(ST) value is strongly decreased in purely clonal populations as compared to purely sexual ones. With increasing clonal reproduction, effective population size first slowly increases and then points toward extreme values when the reproductive system tends toward strict clonality. This reflects the fact that polymorphism is protected within individuals due to fixed heterozygosity. Contrarily, genotypic diversity smoothly decreases with increasing rates of clonal reproduction. Asexual populations thus maintain higher genetic diversity at each single locus but a lower number of different genotypes. Mixed clonal/sexual reproduction is nearly indistinguishable from strict sexual reproduction as long as the proportion of clonal reproduction is not strongly predominant for all quantities investigated, except for genotypic diversities (both at individual loci and over multiple loci).

Exposure of highway maintenance workers to fine particulate matter and noise

In this study, we assessed the mixed exposure of highway maintenance workers to airborne particles, noise, and gaseous co-pollutants. The aim was to provide a better understanding of the workers' exposure to facilitate the evaluation of short-term effects on cardiovascular health endpoints. To quantify the workers' exposure, we monitored 18 subjects during 50 non-consecutive work shifts. Exposure assessment was based on personal and work site measurements and included fine particulate matter (PM2.5), particle number concentration (PNC), noise (Leq), and the gaseous co-pollutants: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Mean work shift PM2.5 concentrations (gravimetric measurements) ranged from 20.3 to 321 μg m(-3) (mean 62 μg m(-3)) and PNC were between 1.6×10(4) and 4.1×10(5) particles cm(-3) (8.9×10(4) particles cm(-3)). Noise levels were generally high with Leq over work shifts from 73.3 to 96.0 dB(A); the averaged Leq over all work shifts was 87.2 dB(A). The highest exposure to fine and ultrafine particles was measured during grass mowing and lumbering when motorized brush cutters and chain saws were used. Highest noise levels, caused by pneumatic hammers, were measured during paving and guardrail repair. We found moderate Spearman correlations between PNC and PM2.5 (r = 0.56); PNC, PM2.5, and CO (r = 0.60 and r = 0.50) as well as PNC and noise (r = 0.50). Variability and correlation of parameters were influenced by work activities that included equipment causing combined air pollutant and noise emissions (e.g. brush cutters and chain saws). We conclude that highway maintenance workers are frequently exposed to elevated airborne particle and noise levels compared with the average population. This elevated exposure is a consequence of the permanent proximity to highway traffic with additional peak exposures caused by emissions of the work-related equipment.

Comparison of organ doses and image quality between CT and flat panel XperCT scans in wrist and inner ear examinations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare organ doses delivered to patients in wrist and petrous bone examinations using a multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) and a C-arm cone-beam CT equipped with a flat-panel detector (XperCT). For this purpose, doses to the target organ, i.e. wrist or petrous bone, together with those to the most radiosensitive nearby organs, i.e. thyroid and eye lens, were measured and compared. Furthermore, image quality was compared for both imaging systems and different acquisition modes using a Catphan phantom. Results show that both systems guarantee adequate accuracy for diagnostic purposes for wrist and petrous bone examinations. Compared with the CT scanner, the XperCT system slightly reduces the dose to target organs and shortens the overall duration of the wrist examination. In addition, using the XperCT enables a reduction of the dose to the eye lens during head scans (skull base and ear examinations).

Expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) by natural killer cells during acute CMV infection after kidney transplantation.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be a serious complication related to immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. Due to their cytotoxicity, T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells target and clear the virus from CMV-infected cells. Although immunosuppressive drugs suppress T-cell proliferation and activation, they do not affect NK cells that are crucial for controlling the infection. The regulation of NK cells depends on a wide range of activating and inhibitory receptors such as the family of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Several human genetic studies have demonstrated the association of KIR genes with the clearance of infections. Since the respective activities of the different KIR proteins expressed by NK cells during CMV infection have not been extensively studied, we analyzed the expression of KIRs in a cohort of 22 CMV-IgG(+) renal transplant patients at the time of CMV reactivation, after antiviral therapy and 6 months later. Our data revealed a marked expression of KIR3DL1 during the acute phase of the reactivation. We set up an in vitro model in which NK cells, derived either from healthy donors or from transplanted patients, target allogeneic fibroblasts, CMV-infected or uninfected. Our results demonstrate a significant correlation between the lysis of CMV-infected fibroblasts and the expression of KIR3DL1. Blocking experiments with antibodies to MHC-I, to NKG2D and to NKG2C confirmed the importance of KIR3DL1. Consequently, our results suggest that KIR proteins and especially KIR3DL1 could play an important role during CMV-infection or CMV reactivation in immunosuppressed patients.

1st datings of ammonite-bearing Bajocian suites from Caucasus (Georgia) - K-Ar ages of volcanic hornblendes

Volcanic flows and tuffs interbedded with ammonite-bearing sediments directly correlatable with the stratotype section of the Bajocian stage have been dated for the first time within the Caucasus area. Three samples, each from a different section, allowed separation of well-preserved brown hornblende; these are considered reliable geochronometers in a region where subsequent volcanic activity occurred. The dated separates are V139: a volcanic layer probably near the base, V142 another layer near the top of the Lower Bajocian substage; V141 a boulder from a latest Bajocian volcanic conglomerate. From bottom to top, apparent ages at 173.5 +/- 2.6, 164.8 +/- 2.5 and 167.1 +/- 1.9 Ma (analytical uncertainty, 95% confidence level) respectively, can be calculated. The consistency of the results is obtained if the dated boulder is interpreted as derived from an underlying layer, The Bajocian-Bathonian boundary is much younger than commonly accepted and younger than 164 Ma.