979 resultados para Índice de vulnerabilidade socioambiental
Resumo:
The human being is understood as an integral being, complex, which has multiple dimensions: social, biological, psychological, anthropological, spiritual and others. As its biological dimension, the man presents the possibility of physical illness, which means that the body requires care. The sick away from humans in health and safety conditions, approaching them directly from the finitude and vulnerability condition, leading us to contact the major uncertainties of life: suffering of disease and death. Religiosity and spirituality are important coping strategy for human when faced with borderline situations. When people turn to religion to cope with stress is the religious and spiritual coping. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the views on death and the religious-spiritual coping in patients with chronic diseases hospitalized. The study included ten patients hospitalized for chronic disease complications Medical Clinic Unit of a public hospital in the city of Uberlândia/MG. two psychological scales were used: Scale Religious-Spiritual Coping Brief (CRE-Brief Scale) and Scale Brief Diverse Perspectives of Death and a structured interview (audiogravada) on the subject of death and religious and spiritual coping. The results indicated that 80% of the sample (N = 8) consisted of patients hospitalized due to chronic diseases, while 20% accounted for patients with AIDS complications. Analyzing the results of scale CRE-Brief, it emphasizes the use of strategies of religious and spiritual coping by participants as compared to CRE Total, all study participants had average or high scores for this index, with a low utilization CRE negative and average utilization CRE Positive. Regarding views on death, the results obtained by the Different Perspectives Quick Scale on Death suggest that this sample agrees with the view death as something that is part of the natural cycle of life (M8 - Death as a natural end) and features the prospect of death as uncertainty, mystery and ignorance (M4 - death as Unknown). The correlations between the measures the factors and items of CRE-Bref and dimensions of Short scales on different perspectives of Death notes the prevalence of correlations of M4 dimensions - Death as unknown and M8 - Death as a natural order to the creditor scale soon. In the interview analysis revealed a positive influence of religion/ spirituality on health, from the perspective of the respondent, highlighting the protection promoted by religion. It also noticed the use of prayer as a coping strategy of hospitalization and illness. Regarding the interview about the topic of death, there was a predominance of issues related to "afterlife", "unknown" and "abandonment", which are associated with the visions of death and mystery and death as a natural end. In the interviews there belief clues about death as a terrifying mystery connected, so the unknown and the feeling of fear on the same. The experience of illness can therefore be considered as a source of vulnerability, since it is present personal perception of danger (external) - own illness and possible death, especially in those patients undergoing ICU - and where control is insufficient for the sense of security, since the hospital providing care to the patient are delegated to third parties and patients assume a passive role. This fact is important and relevant to health professionals who deal daily with patients hospitalized for chronic diseases, since the recourse to religion and spirituality as a coping strategy that psychic movement was not constituted in a form of negative distance or even denial of health condition. On the contrary, it refers to a movement in search of comfort and security provided by the religion and spirituality.
Resumo:
La Diabetes tipo 2, forma parte del clúster de componentes que integran el Síndrome metabólico, y constituye una enfermedad tremendamente prevalente en el mundo, con disfunciones metabólicas que incrementan la morbimortalidad. Objetivo. Con la finalidad de definir las características de una población amplia de pacientes diabéticos de la Comunidad de Madrid diagnosticados por el Hospital Infanta Leonor de Madrid, su contribución al síndrome metabólico, tipo de tratamiento, años de evolución y riesgo cardiovascular, se procedió a realizar un estudio transversal en una población de 735 diabéticos, seleccionados de una base de datos de 1135 diabéticos del Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital de los que se disponían de datos sobre edad, género, parámetros antropométricos, glucosa, hemoglobina glicosilada, lípidos, lipoproteínas, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y actividad física. En muchos de ellos también se disponía de marcadores emergentes de afectaciones relacionadas con la diabetes y la enfermedad cardiovascular como PCR-us, microalbuminuria y fibrinógeno. Descripción de la muestra. La selección se realizó garantizando confidencialidad y que todos tuvieran datos de edad, sexo, y de los marcadores clásicos, y de la mayoría de los nuevos marcadores emergentes. Como quiera que contar absolutamente con todos los marcadores en el mismo individuo supondría perder en tal selección un número no despreciable de pacientes, se procedió a respetar la selección de 735 en donde 716 tenía información de la mayoría de los marcadores. A partir de los datos primarios se calcularon los cocientes colesterol/total /HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c que informan del riesgo cardiovascular, el cociente molar TG/HDL-c indicativo del tamaño de las LDL, y la relación de triglicérido- glucosa como marcador de resistencia a la insulina y riesgo de síndrome metabólico. Se procedió a calcular el riesgo cardiovascular según los algoritmos del estudio Framingham...
Resumo:
El Ecosistema de Afloramiento Peruano (EAP) es una de las zonas marinas con mayor productividad pesquera en el mundo y por su ubicación geográfica, es afectada por procesos físicos remotos, principalmente por la variabilidad climática interanual proveniente del océano Pacifico Ecuatorial, cuya señal dominante es El Niño y la Oscilación Sur (ENOS). Con el fin de evaluar los efectos de ENOS frente al Perú, se desarrolló el Índice Térmico Costero Peruano (ITCP) que representa el 87,7% de la variación total de las anomalías de la temperatura superficial del mar del EAP. Se analizó el periodo 1982-2014, detectándose 12 periodos con condiciones cálidas y 16 con condiciones frías. El ITCP tuvo una tendencia lineal, un componente de bajas frecuencias y un componente de ruido, con 1,5%, 94,5 % y 4 % de contribución a la varianza total, respectivamente. El ITCP presenta ventajas respecto a otros índices climáticos de la costa peruana, porque comprende el área representativa del Ecosistema de Afloramiento Peruano y porque captura la señal del afloramiento costero así como de los efectos térmicos de El Niño y La Niña.
Estilo de vida e vulnerabilidade social dos adolescentes no Bairro de Felipe Camarão, Natal/RN, 2005
Resumo:
Este estudo descreve o estilo de vida e vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes do bairro Felipe Camarão em Natal-RN, a fim de compreender seus comportamentos, conforme vulnerabilidades identificadas. Foram aplicados 145 questionários semi-estruturados entre os adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos, no período de janeiro, a abril de 2005. O estilo de vida descrito, conforme os dados colhidos, informa que 92,4% sabem da importância de se alimentar bem, 86,9% têm sono preservado; 76,5% têm boa relação com seus pais. Porém, 86,9% afirmaram não haver área de lazer/diversão no bairro, enquanto os 31,0% não responderam sobre higiene corporal; 41,4% consomem drogas lícitas (maioria álcool), enquanto 37,9%, as ilícitas (maioria cola); 51,7% dizem que não conversam sobre sexo, enquanto 30,3% conversam com suas mães; 38,0% estão sexualmente ativos, iniciados entre 13 a 16 anos. Os comportamentos de alguns adolescentes estudados indicam um estilo de vida saudável, enquanto outros demonstram justamente o contrário, através de práticas como: pouca participação no lazer, por falta de opção; consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas; a falta de diálogo com os pais sobre sexo; relacionamento sexual precoce, somados às condições econômicas e sociais desfavorecidas que os expõem à adoção de um estilo de vida que implica em vulnerabilidade
Resumo:
Introdução: O stress condiciona o comportamento e desenvolvimento pessoal, podendo ter consequências preocupantes ao nível individual e organizacional. Os professores são uma classe reconhecida como estando sujeita a elevados níveis de stress, fator que prejudica a qualidade do ensino em geral. Objetivos: Avaliar a vulnerabilidade ao stress; identificar os principais fatores de stress e avaliar a correlação entre autoestima e stress, em professores do 1.º, 2.º e 3.º ciclos do ensino básico. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional, com uma amostra constituída por 60 professores do 1.º, 2.º e 3.º ciclos de escolaridade, de escolas do concelho de Leiria. Para a análise das variáveis em estudo foram aplicados: um questionário sociodemográfico; a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); o Questionário de stress nos professores: ensino básico e secundário (QSPEBS) e a Escala de vulnerabilidade ao stress (23 QVS). Resultados: O estudo revela que 65% dos professores percecionam a profissão como stressante e que 30% são vulneráveis ao stress. O principal fator de stress identificado foi comportamentos inadequados/indisciplina dos alunos. Verificou-se uma correlação negativa entre a autoestima e a vulnerabilidade ao stress dos professores. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, quanto mais elevada é a auto-estima, menor é a vulnerabilidade dos professores ao stress e que, apesar de não se registarem níveis significativos de vulnerabilidade ao stress na população docente, a maioria dos professores perceciona a sua atividade profissional como geradora de elevados níveis de stress, sendo os comportamentos inadequados/indisciplina dos alunos o fator que mais contribui para o stress nos docentes. / Introduction: Stress affects behavior and personal development, and may have severe consequences either at the individual or organizational level. Teachers are identified as a class exposed to high levels of stress, factor that affects the quality of education in general. Objectives: To assess stress vulnerability; identify key stressors and assess the correlation between self-esteem and stress in primary and secondary school teachers. Methodology: A sociodemographic questionnaire and three self-report measures were administered to a sample of 60 primary and secondary teachers from Leiria district: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); a teachers stress questionnaire for primary, secondary and high school (QSPEBS) and a scale to access stress vulnerability (23 QVS). Results: The study reveals that 65% of teachers perceive the profession as stressful and that 30% are vulnerable to stress. The main stressor identified is inappropriate/disruptive behavior of students. There is a negative correlation between self-esteem and vulnerability to stress of teachers. Conclusion: We conclude that a higher self-esteem leads to less stress vulnerability in teachers and that, despite the non-significant level of vulnerability determined in this study, most teachers perceive their activity as stressful, being inappropriate/disruptive behavior of students the factor that most contributes for that.
Resumo:
As situações indutoras de stress são uma constante imutável no dia-a-dia do ser humano e quando esta perturbação não é gerida de forma adequada, acarreta graves prejuízos na saúde dos indivíduos refletindo-se em diversas áreas das suas vidas nomeadamente no trabalho. O presente estudo tem como finalidade identificar a relação entre o stress e as estratégias de coping e perceber se os indivíduos com vulnerabilidade ao stress diferem dos indivíduos sem stress no que concerne às estratégias de coping utilizadas. A vulnerabilidade ao stress foi medida pela escala 23QVS, enquanto as estratégias de coping foram avaliadas pelo Inventário de Resolução de Problemas (IRP), tendo sido, ainda, utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico. A amostra foi composta por 62 trabalhadores de uma empresa de venda a retalho com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 44 anos (M=32,02 DP=5,770). Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a vulnerabilidade ao stress se correlaciona de forma negativa e altamente significativa com as estratégias de coping e que indivíduos com e sem vulnerabilidade ao stress não diferem quanto ao uso destas estratégias. / The stress-induction situations are a constant unchanging in human being life, and if this disturbance is not managed adequately can be harmful to the health of individuals and reflected in many areas of their lives including their work. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between stress and coping strategies, and understand if individuals with stress vulnerability differs from individuals without stress in respect to the use of coping strategies. Stress vulnerability was measured by the 23QVS scale and coping strategies by the Inventário de Resolução de Problemas – IRP (Inventory of Problem Solving), and we also used a sociodemographic questionnaire. The sample consisted of 62 workers of a retailing company with ages between 20 and 40 years old (M = 32,02; DP = 5,770). Our research studies reveal that stress vulnerability correlates negatively and highly with coping strategies, and individuals with and without stress vulnerability not differ in the use of these strategies.
Resumo:
El objetivo de este trabajo es construir un índice de vulnerabilidad para la población de Medellín en situación de discapacidad en el 2008, con el fin de determinar los aspectos que disminuyen las oportunidades de hacer uso de sus activos materiales e inmateriales, deteriorando por ende la calidad de vida de esta población.
Resumo:
Forecast is the basis for making strategic, tactical and operational business decisions. In financial economics, several techniques have been used to predict the behavior of assets over the past decades.Thus, there are several methods to assist in the task of time series forecasting, however, conventional modeling techniques such as statistical models and those based on theoretical mathematical models have produced unsatisfactory predictions, increasing the number of studies in more advanced methods of prediction. Among these, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a relatively new and promising method for predicting business that shows a technique that has caused much interest in the financial environment and has been used successfully in a wide variety of financial modeling systems applications, in many cases proving its superiority over the statistical models ARIMA-GARCH. In this context, this study aimed to examine whether the ANNs are a more appropriate method for predicting the behavior of Indices in Capital Markets than the traditional methods of time series analysis. For this purpose we developed an quantitative study, from financial economic indices, and developed two models of RNA-type feedfoward supervised learning, whose structures consisted of 20 data in the input layer, 90 neurons in one hidden layer and one given as the output layer (Ibovespa). These models used backpropagation, an input activation function based on the tangent sigmoid and a linear output function. Since the aim of analyzing the adherence of the Method of Artificial Neural Networks to carry out predictions of the Ibovespa, we chose to perform this analysis by comparing results between this and Time Series Predictive Model GARCH, developing a GARCH model (1.1).Once applied both methods (ANN and GARCH) we conducted the results' analysis by comparing the results of the forecast with the historical data and by studying the forecast errors by the MSE, RMSE, MAE, Standard Deviation, the Theil's U and forecasting encompassing tests. It was found that the models developed by means of ANNs had lower MSE, RMSE and MAE than the GARCH (1,1) model and Theil U test indicated that the three models have smaller errors than those of a naïve forecast. Although the ANN based on returns have lower precision indicator values than those of ANN based on prices, the forecast encompassing test rejected the hypothesis that this model is better than that, indicating that the ANN models have a similar level of accuracy . It was concluded that for the data series studied the ANN models show a more appropriate Ibovespa forecasting than the traditional models of time series, represented by the GARCH model
Resumo:
El pie es la base de sustentación del ser humano, extremidad utilizada para diferentes actividades de locomoción, capaz de soportar todo el peso corporal incluso en acciones deportivas que implican mantenerla en buenas condiciones. La investigación en el área deportiva continuamente está tomando fuerza con miras en el mejoramiento del rendimiento y la obtención de la forma deportiva incluyendo el buen estado de todos los segmentos corporales implicados, de esta manera se realiza esta investigación tomando la huella plantar como variable fundamental, con el fin de determinar la tipología del pie asociando el dolor podal con las variables antropométricas y podométricas (1,8,10), la población de estudio conformada por 122 deportistas entre 12 y 14 años de edad, de las escuelas de formación en la modalidad de futbol de la ciudad de Neiva
Resumo:
Si tan solo al nivel escolar de los niños entre 6 y 12 años se le diera la importancia suficiente al desarrollo de los procesos inherentes a la coordinación como capacidad motriz, se podría dilatar en gran mesura la reducción de dichas capacidades, ya que a medida que se da la maduración infantil y su crecimiento, se va en decadencia de las propias capacidades, así mismo la pérdida de las edades sensibles para su desarrollo, algo a lo que Weineck llama “La ley del tren perdido” que se refiere al tiempo que no se supo aprovechar para desarrollar las capacidades coordinativas, y, que así se pretenda desarrollar posteriormente ya no tendrán la misma efectividad ni adaptabilidad fisiológica (4).
Resumo:
La coordinación motora es un aspecto fundamental en el desarrollo motor y de aprendizaje de los niños; Así los estilos de vida actuales repercuten de forma negativa en la práctica de la actividad física, generando graves problemas de salud pública como son el sobrepeso y la obesidad