996 resultados para (Ag.) W. Sm.


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A Business Newsletter for Agriculture

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NK cell self-tolerance is maintained by inhibitory receptors specific for MHC class I molecules. Inhibitory NK receptors are also expressed on memory CD8 T cells but their biological relevance on T cells is unclear. In this study, we describe the expression of the Ly49A receptor on a subset of autoreactive T cells which persist in mice double-transgenic for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-derived peptide gp33 and a TCRalphabeta specific for the gp33. No Ly49A-expressing cells are found in TCRalphabeta single-transgenic mice, indicating that the presence of the autoantigen is required for Ly49A induction. Direct evidence for an Ag-specific initiation of Ly49A expression has been obtained in vitro after stimulation of autoreactive TCRalphabeta T cells with the cognate self-Ag. This expression of Ly49A substantially reduces Ag-specific activation of autoreactive T cells. These findings thus suggest that autoantigen-specific induction of inhibitory NK cell receptors on T cells may contribute to peripheral self-tolerance.

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In this work the adsorption mechanisms of atomic and molecular oxygen on Cu(100) surface are studied using ab initio simulation methods. Through the atomistic scale under-standing of the elementary oxidation processes we can further understand the large-scale oxidation. Copper is a material widely used in industry which makes it an interesting subject, and also understanding the oxidation of copper helps us understand the oxidation mechanism of other metals. First we have a look on some theory on surface alloys in general and behaviour of Ag on Cu(100) surface. After that the physical background there is behind the methods of density functional calculations are discussed, and some methods, namely potential energy surfaces and molecular dynamics, are introduced. Then there is a brief look on the numerical details used in the calculations, and after that, the results of the simulations are exhibited.

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Chromosomes with Ag staining that varies from one metaphase to the other can be distinguished from those with an Ag-staining that is the same in all metaphases. The intercellular variation of an Ag-NOR can be attributed to many different factors. Whatever the importance of technical factors, they do not seem to account for the large variations in Ag-staining which were observed for each ac. This suggests the existence of a natural intercellular variability of the NOR's activity. The variation of the Ag-stainability of a given NOR, the diversity of Ag-stainings observed on the ten ac of one individual and the differences that exist between individuals raise the question of the existence of a compensation of activity between nucleolar organizers. The study, for each individual, of the mean sum of staining per metaphase reveals that this value is not absolutely constant from one individual to another; in the carriers of Robertsonian fusions it is smaller than in chromosomally normal individuals. The analysis of the transmission shows that inactive NORs remain inactive and that active NORs present a variation in the activity from one generation to the next.

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Donateur : Kilian, W. (18..-19..)

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La thèse se propose d'étudier la question de la littérature dans l'oeuvre de Theodor W. Adorno. Elle fait apparaître la fonction utopique que le philosophe allemand attribue à la littérature en tant que celle-ci dessine l'horizon d'une « langue sans terre », ligne de fuite hors de la « Dialektik der Aufklàrung » et de l'autodestruction de la Raison. Tandis que le discours philosophique a sans cesse reproduit dans son appareil conceptuel la violence mythico- rationnelle à l'encontre du singulier non-identique, la langue littéraire semble en mesure d'indiquer la possibilité de parvenir par le concept au-delà du concept, ce qui constitue le désir utopique de la pensée comme dialectique négative. L'enjeu n'est pas seulement épistémique : il est bien éthico-politique, lié à la possibilité d'établir des rapports à l'autre libérés de la contrainte de l'identité.¦Dans les oeuvres littéraires dont il entreprend la lecture - qu'il s'agisse de celles d'Eichendorff, de Hôlderlin, de Proust, de Valéry, de Beckett ou encore de Kafka - Adorno ne cherche cependant pas une figure concrète de l'utopie, mais la trace de « ce qui nous appartient en propre et qui a été laissé en blanc» - aussi bien dans les textes que dans l'Histoire. La littérature porte alors en creux ce possible impossible dont la puissance hante le présent entre ses lignes ; elle est de la réconciliation ( Versôhnung) une image sans image, tout à la fois ressource de la critique radicale des conditions existantes et réserve du désir d'un autre à venir.¦A partir d'une esquisse du geste inaugural de l'utopie de la littérature dans le premier romantisme de Iéna, la thèse expose les enjeux philosophiques, esthétiques et politiques de la littérature dans la pensée adornienne, puis procède - et c'est là le coeur du travail - à une « lecture de lectures », à une traversée des essais qu'Adorno consacra, tout au long de sa vie, aux textes littéraires, pour trouver en ceux-ci les indices de l'utopie à l'oeuvre.