Analyse de la distribution d'Escherichia coli, utilisée comme un marqueur microbiologique, dans un réseau de production porcin

La présence d’Escherichia coli pathogènes en élevages porcins entraine des retards de croissance et la mortalité. La transmission des E. coli pathogènes entre les élevages et l'abattoir d’un même réseau de production n'est pas bien décrite. La détection des gènes de virulence des E. coli pathogènes pourrait permettre d’identifier un marqueur de contamination dans le réseau. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’identifier un marqueur de contamination E. coli dans un réseau de production porcine défini afin de décrire certains modes de transmission des E. coli pathogènes. Pour ce faire, une région géographique comprenant 10 fermes d’engraissement, un abattoir et un réseau de transport a été sélectionnée. Trois lots de production consécutifs par ferme ont été suivis pendant 12 mois. Des échantillons environnementaux ont été prélevés à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur des fermes (3 visites d’élevage), dans la cour de l’abattoir (2 visites lors de sorties de lot) et sur le camion de transport. La détection des gènes de virulence (eltB, estA, estB, faeG, stxA, stx2A, eae, cnf, papC, iucD, tsh, fedA) dans les échantillons a été réalisée par PCR multiplexe conventionnelle. La distribution temporelle et spatiale des gènes de virulence a permis d’identifier le marqueur de contamination ETEC/F4 défini par la détection d’au moins un gène d’entérotoxine ETEC (estB, estA et eltB) en combinaison avec le gène de l’adhésine fimbriaire (faeG). La distribution des échantillons positifs ETEC/F4 qualifie la cour de l’abattoir comme un réservoir de contamination fréquenté par les transporteurs, vecteurs de contamination entre les élevages. Ceci suggère le lien microbiologique entre l’élevage, les transporteurs et l’abattoir jouant chacun un rôle dans la dissémination des microorganismes pathogènes et potentiellement zoonotiques en production porcine.

Neoplastic Transformation of T Lymphocytes through Transgenic Expression of a Virus Host Modification Protein

Virus host evasion genes are ready-made tools for gene manipulation and therapy. In this work we have assessed the impact in vivo of the evasion gene A238L of the African Swine Fever Virus, a gene which inhibits transcription mediated by both NF-κB and NFAT. The A238L gene has been selectively expressed in mouse T lymphocytes using tissue specific promoter, enhancer and locus control region sequences for CD2. The resulting two independently derived transgenic mice expressed the transgene and developed a metastasic, angiogenic and transplantable CD4(+)CD8(+)CD69(-) lymphoma. The CD4(+)CD8(+)CD69(-) cells also grew vigorously in vitro. The absence of CD69 from the tumour cells suggests that they were derived from T cells at a stage prior to positive selection. In contrast, transgenic mice similarly expressing a mutant A238L, solely inhibiting transcription mediated by NF-κB, were indistinguishable from wild type mice. Expression of Rag1, Rag2, TCRβ-V8.2, CD25, FoxP3, Bcl3, Bcl2 l14, Myc, IL-2, NFAT1 and Itk, by purified CD4(+)CD8(+)CD69(-) thymocytes from A238L transgenic mice was consistent with the phenotype. Similarly evaluated expression profiles of CD4(+)CD8(+) CD69(-) thymocytes from the mutant A238L transgenic mice were comparable to those of wild type mice. These features, together with the demonstration of (mono-)oligoclonality, suggest a transgene-NFAT-dependent transformation yielding a lymphoma with a phenotype reminiscent of some acute lymphoblastic lymphomas.

Avaliação da perfusão esplénica em modelo de hemorragia de suíno, após reperfusão com duas soluções fisiológicas distintas

O baço tem importantes funções hematopoiéticas e imunológicas, desempenhando um papel crucial na reposição da hipovolemia e de volume sanguíneo, em situações de hemorragia aguda. A administração de soluções fisiológicas tem grande importância na correção do volume circulante, evitando as complicações de hipovolemia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as alterações provocadas no baço, após grave hemorragia dos suínos e reperfusão, utilizando duas soluções fisiológicas distintas, um cristaloide - solução de ringer lactato e um coloide - solução de hidroxietilamido. As lesões histopatológicas encontradas no baço foram congestão, hiperplasia da polpa branca, a notoriedade dos elipsoides e o infiltrado inflamatório, razão pela qual, se procedeu à sua avaliação semi-quantitativa. Relativamente à hiperplasia da polpa branca, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo Ringer Lactato e o grupo Hidroxietilamido, verificando-se o aumento da hiperplasia da polpa branca no grupo Ringer Lactato. Quanto à área dos elipsoides, apenas um suíno em cada grupo registava grau 1. Houve uma preponderância do grau 2 no grupo de controlo (n = 5) e no grupo Ringer Lactato (n = 11), enquanto que no grupo Hidroxietilamido se registaram valores idênticos para os graus 2 e 3 (n = 5). A congestão ocorreu em todos os grupos, com predomínio do grau 2 (n = 7) nos grupos Ringer Lactato e Hidroxietilmido. Relativamente ao infiltrado inflamatório, no grupo de controlo predominou o grau 1 (n = 5) e registou-se a prevalência do grau 2 no grupo Ringer Lactato (n = 8) e no grupo Hidroxietilamido (n = 9). A área dos elipsoides variou nos diferentes grupos, não tendo revelado diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Foi observada congestão nos três grupos do estudo, não tendo sido, contudo, registadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Quanto ao infiltrado inflamatório, verificou-se que no grupo de controlo predominou o grau 1, enquanto que nos grupos Ringer Lactato e Hidroxietilamido prevaleceu o grau 2, o que se justifica pelo facto dos grupos Ringer Lactato e Hidroxietilamido terem sido submetidos a uma hemorragia. Foi assim possível concluir que a reperfusão volémica com Hidroxietilamido 130/0.4 pode reduzir a hiperreatividade esplénica, quando comparado com o Ringer Lactato, após hemorragia aguda. Verificamos que os elipsoides não sofrem qualquer afetação em situações de alterações hemodinâmicos. Atualizamos um sistema de classificação para avaliação de congestão esplénica, usando o modelo suíno. Aferimos que as situações causadoras de alterações hemodinâmicas ou da perfusão tecidual provocam aumento do infiltrado inflamatório.

Serological diagnosis of echinococcosis: the diagnostic potential of native antigens

PURPOSE: Human alveolar (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the metacestode stages of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus, respectively, lack pathognomonic clinical signs. Diagnosis therefore relies on the results of imaging and serological studies. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several easy-to-produce crude or partially purified E. granulosus and E. multilocularis metacestode-derived antigens as tools for the serological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of patients suspicious for AE or CE. METHODS: The sera of 51 treatment-naïve AE and 32 CE patients, 98 Swiss blood donors and 38 patients who were initially suspicious for echinococcosis but suffering from various other liver diseases (e.g., liver neoplasia, etc.) were analysed. RESULTS: According to the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), metacestode-derived antigens of E. granulosus had sensitivities varying from 81 to 97% and >99.9% for the diagnosis of CE and AE, respectively. Antigens derived from E. multilocularis metacestodes had sensitivities ranging from 84 to 91% and >99.9% for the diagnosis of CE and AE, respectively. Specificities ranged from 92 to >99.9%. Post-test probabilities for the differential diagnosis of AE from liver neoplasias, CE from cystic liver lesions, and screening for AE in Switzerland were around 95, 86 and 2.2%, respectively. Cross-reactions with antibodies in sera of patients with other parasitic affections (fasciolosis, schistosomosis, amebosis, cysticercosis, and filarioses) did occur at variable frequencies, but could be eliminated through the use of confirmatory testing. CONCLUSIONS: Different metacestode-derived antigens of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis are valuable, widely accessible, and cost-efficient tools for the serological diagnosis of echinococcosis. However, confirmatory testing is necessary, due to the lack of species specificity and the occurrence of cross-reactions to other helminthic diseases.

Environmental studies with early-weaned pigs /

Cover title.

More profit from hogs : information on the advantages of insulating hog houses and illustrations showing the various breeds of profit-making hogs.

Mode of access: Internet.

Chester White journal.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Poland China world.

Description based on: Vol. 34, no. 1 (Feb. 1947); title from cover.

Pig breeders' annual.

Mode of access: Internet.

Herd book.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report.

4th- report issued jointly with 1st- report of Sheep and Swine Breeders' Association of Manitoba and N. W. T.

The fetal pig: an introduction to the anatomy of the fetal pig.

Mode of access: Internet.

The economics of pork production.

Thesis (M.S.)--Cornell Univ., June 1922.

Brucellosis eradication budget proposals [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, June 22, 1982.

"Serial no. 97-UUU."

Circular /

Description based on: No. 3 (Aug. 28, 1895); title from caption.