[Fraktur-Probe]

Georg. Gottl. Burchard

[Fraktur-Probe]

[Zufinden bey Johann Georg Bauman Schriftschneider und Schriftgießer in Nürnberg]

[Fraktur-Probe] Obgesetzter Schrifften Prob und Abguß, findet man umb die Gebühr zu giessen, theils auch zu verkauffen

bey mir Anthoni Janson, Schrifftgießer in Leipzig ...

[Antiqua- und Fraktur-Probe]

[Pankraz Lobinger]

Pilzige Fische und deren Behandlung (nach eigener Probe)

Von Chr. Felsberg

Herbert Hesse, John Gläser, Hans Meissner, Emmy Hainmüller, Clemens Kraus {[u.a.] nach der General-Probe zu Meistersinger, Frankfurt a. M.

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F04513

Hans Pfitzner, Bruno Walter, Karl Erb, Fritz Feinhals, Emmy Krüger, Friedrich Brodersen, {[N.N.], Gruppenbildnis, Anlass des Treffens: Probe zu Palestrina, München, 1917

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F05747

Hans Pfitzner, Bruno Walter, Karl Erb, Fritz Feinhals, Emmy Krüger, Friedrich Brodersen, {[N.N.], Gruppenbildnis, Anlass des Treffens: Probe zu Palestrina, München, 1917

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F05748

Philharmonischer Chor in Berlin (Dirigent: Prof. Siegfried Ochs). Probe in der Philharmonie

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F07792

Ausstellung "Das Theater im Freien", Frankfurt a. M. - Die Stadt des deutschen Handwerks in Verbindung mit dem Reichsbund der deutschen Freilicht- und Volksschauspiele E. V. : Die Probe im Park - Deutsches Ölgemälde aus der 2. Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Sammlung Niessen.

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F07992

Rudolf Brinkmann, Hermann Schramm, Erik Wirl, Enrico Caruso, Walter Schneider {[u.a.], Gruppenbildnis, nach der Probe von Ruggero Leoncavallo: I Pagliacci mit Enrico Caruso, 1909

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F07814

Molecular interactions and signal transfer between sensory rhodopsin-I and its cognate transducer

SRI is unique among known photoreceptors in that it produces opposite signals depending on the color of light stimuli. Absorption of orange light (587 nm) triggers an attractant response by the cell, whereas absorption of orange light followed by near-UV light (373 run) triggers a repellent response. Using behavioral mutants that exhibit aberrant color-sensing ability, we tested a two-conformation equilibrium model, using FRET and EPR spectroscopy. The essence of the model applied to SRI-HtrI is that the complex exists in a metastable two-conformer equilibrium which is shifted in one direction by orange light absorption (producing an attractant signal) and in the opposite direction by a second UV-violet photon (producing a repellent signal). First, by FRET we found that the E-F cytoplasmic loop of SRI moves toward the RAMP domain of the HtrI transducer during the formation of the orange-light activated signaling state of the complex. This is the first localization of a change in the physical relationship between the receptor and transducer subunits of the complex and provides a structural property of the two proposed conformers that we can monitor. Second, EPR spectra of a spin label probe at this cytoplasmic position showed shifts in the dark in the mutants toward shorter or longer EF loop-RAMP distances, explaining their behavior in terms of their mutations causing pre-stimulus shifts into one or the other conformer. ^ Next, we applied a novel electrophysiological method for monitoring the directionality of proton movement during photoactivation of SRI, to investigate the process of proton transfer in the photoactive site from the chromophore to proton acceptors on both the wildtype and aberrant color-response mutants. We observed an unexpected and critical difference in the two signaling conformations of the SRI-HtrI complex. The finding is that the vectoriality (i.e. movement away or toward the cytoplasm) of the light-induced proton transfer from the chromophore to the protein is opposite in formation of the two conformations. Retinylidene proton transfer is a common critical process in rhodopsins and these results are the first to show differences in vectoriality in a rhodopsin receptor, and to demonstrate functional importance of the direction of proton transfer. ^

Systems Biology Approaches to Probe Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Mechanisms that allow pathogens to colonize the host are not the product of isolated genes, but instead emerge from the concerted operation of regulatory networks. Therefore, identifying components and the systemic behavior of networks is necessary to a better understanding of gene regulation and pathogenesis. To this end, I have developed systems biology approaches to study transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation in bacteria, with an emphasis in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). First, I developed a network response method to identify parts of the Mtb global transcriptional regulatory network utilized by the pathogen to counteract phagosomal stresses and survive within resting macrophages. As a result, the method unveiled transcriptional regulators and associated regulons utilized by Mtb to establish a successful infection of macrophages throughout the first 14 days of infection. Additionally, this network-based analysis identified the production of Fe-S proteins coupled to lipid metabolism through the alkane hydroxylase complex as a possible strategy employed by Mtb to survive in the host. Second, I developed a network inference method to infer the small non-coding RNA (sRNA) regulatory network in Mtb. The method identifies sRNA-mRNA interactions by integrating a priori knowledge of possible binding sites with structure-driven identification of binding sites. The reconstructed network was useful to predict functional roles for the multitude of sRNAs recently discovered in the pathogen, being that several sRNAs were postulated to be involved in virulence-related processes. Finally, I applied a combined experimental and computational approach to study post-transcriptional repression mediated by small non-coding RNAs in bacteria. Specifically, a probabilistic ranking methodology termed rank-conciliation was developed to infer sRNA-mRNA interactions based on multiple types of data. The method was shown to improve target prediction in Escherichia coli, and therefore is useful to prioritize candidate targets for experimental validation.