Scaffold nanoestruturado utilizando-se celulose bacteriana/fosfatos de cálcio para regeneração óssea

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

N-acetilcisteína e trolox na conservação de células espermáticas epididimárias de cães

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Viabilidade financeira da implantação do projeto de construção da estação de tratamento de esgotos - ETE - do Município de Lençóis Paulista - Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Assessment of the risk of raw milk consumption related to staphylococcal food poisoning

This study aimed to identify the risks of staphylococcal food poisoning due to the consumption of raw milk. Fifty-one farms in Londrina (PR) and 50 in Pelotas (RS) were analyzed, to determine the population of coagulase-positive staphylococci (UFC/ mL), as well as to verify the ability of producing Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) by immunodifusion (OSP), the presence of the gene for the production of SEA (PCR) in the cultures, and the research of enterotoxin (SEA to SEE) in milk samples using ELISA commercial kit. Considering the 101 farms analyzed, 19 (18.8%) presented coagulase-positive staphylococci count above 105 UFC/mL. For the evaluation of the enterotoxigenic ability (SEA) by the OSP technique, six cultures coagulase-positive (5.5%) were positive to the test and identified as S. aureus. From the coagualse-negative sample, one (5.5%) was OSP positive. For the evaluation of the presence of the gene for EEA synthesis, 51 cultures of staphylococci were tested. From this total, 14 (27.45%) presented the gene, and from that, only 5 (9.81%) cultures were capable of expressing it in the technique of the OSP. The morphologic characteristic of the evaluated cultures that had enterotoxigenic capacity, from the 14 (33,3%) cultures that presented the gene for EEA production, 05 (11.9%) were characterized as typical cultures of S.aureus in Baird Parker agar. All the 12 milk samples studied for the presence of EEA to EEE in milk were negative. Thus, it can be concluded that there is extensive contamination of raw milk for staphylococci coagulase, however, most of the isolated strains were not enterotoxigenic or did not express such a characteristic. Only 9.81% of the tested colonies expressed the gene and effectively produced SEA. None of the samples had sufficient counts to produce detectable amounts of SEA. The milk samples did not present risk to cause staphylococcal food poisoning if consumed in natura until the collection moment.

Caracterização química e legalidade em bebidas não alcoólicas de maçã

Apple is a fruit that offers promising prospect for industrialization as it has favorable characteristics for this purpose and can obtain products with good acceptance. In Brazil, approximately 15% of the production is processed into juice, and a portion is exported. Among the fresh fruit and juice, apple adds US$ 30 million annually to the Brazilian foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study was to characterize, using chemical analysis, concentrated juices, commercial apple juice, nectar, and soft drink. In addition, to compare them with their respective Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Concentrated juices and commercial beverages were analyzed in triplicate for soluble solids content (Brix), pH, total acidity (AT), and ratio. In concentrated juices, the Total Sugar Reducer (ART) was also assessed. The results obtained in the laboratory were compared with the PIQ and Codex Alimentarius to verify compliance with applicable regulations. Seven concentrate juices, five juices, six nectars, and three apple-flavoured soft drinks were analyzed. The Brix of pulpy and clarified concentrated juices were, respectively, 71.16±1.29 and 40.40±0.57°Brix. In all concentrated juices, the Brix was in accordance with Codex Alimentarius. The Brix and AT in sweetened clarified juices were 11.50±0.14°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100g sample. In pulpy whole juices the values ​​were 11.20±0.70°Brix and 0.30±0.06g of malic acid/100g sample. The values of Brix and AT in apple-flavoured soft drinks were 11.03±0.93°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100ml sample. Commercial juices and soft drinks also presented °Brix and AT in accord with the PIQ established by MAPA. The apple nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius. The definition of the PIQ is an important tool for quality control of beverages manufacture in Brazil. Therefore, it is recommended for the control agencies to define the parameters that are not established.

Processamento da amostra das silagens de grãos úmidos de sorgo com baixo e alto tanino na determinação da digestibilidade aparente em equinos

There were used four castrated male horses, crossbred. It was used randomized block by design for four replications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of using samples, ground or in natura, in the precision of the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) in comparison to the total collection (CT) method in oder to estimate the apparent digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients of high-moisture grains silage of sorghum with low (SSLT) and high (SSHT) tannin in the feeding equine. No effect was observed for MNBT and CT methods with in natura sample for DC of DM, OM, CE, CP to SSLT (P>0.05), whose average values were 81.71, 84.23, 82.27 e 81.43%, respectively. The MNBT did not showacuracy to evaluate of DC of the SSHT, with ground and in natura samples. It was concluded that MNBT containing in natura sample should be used to determinating the DC of SSLT to DM, OM, CE and CP for equines.

Determinação do teor de glicose em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolizado pelo processo de conversão enzimática

The production of ethanol and sugar from sugarcane juice generate as byproduct, the bagasse. Currently, the bagasse, an industrial lignocellulosic biomass, can be used for production of second-generation ethanol, since when it is submitted to hydrolytic processes generates fermentable sugars. The objective of this study was to produce fungal enzymes capable of hydrolyzing this lignocellulosic biomass to generate glucose. For this, we used the mushroom species Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pycnoporus sanguineus as potential sources of laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase enzymes, capable of hydrolyzing the crushed sugarcane. The hydrolysis process was performed with the highest enzymatic activities observed from laccase in L. edodes (39.23 U-mL after 25 day incubation), P. ostreatus (2.5 U U-mL after 27 day incubation), P. sanguineus (80 U-mL after 27 days of incubation) and P. eryngii (16.45 U-mL 15 days incubation). MnP and LiP showed no significant results. The enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in natura (32,17% hemicellulose, cellulose 52,45% and 10,62% lignin) and bagasse hydrolyzate with 7,0% H2SO4 (0,20% hemicellulose, 68,82% to 25,33% cellulose and lignin) were evaluated for each enzymatic obtained. Compared to others, the enzymes produced by P. sanguineus incubated in sugarcane bagasse showed better efficiency resulting in glucose with an average content of 0,14 g-L. Although the levels of glucose determined in this work were low in relation to the literature, it can be stated that the laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase enzymes demonstrated good hydrolytic potential, especially those produced by the fungus P. sanguineus.

Desenvolvimento e aceitabilidade de compota de figo convencional e diet

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do soro de leite como coagulante do látex de borracha natural

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Processamento térmico e estádio fenológico na atividade antioxidante do jambu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Base genética do hábito de crescimento e florescimento em tomateiro e sua importânciana agricultura

Hybrids or open pollinated tomato cultivars used for sauces and ketchups production usually has determinate growth habit, while most of the genotypes used in the production to salads (in natura consumption) has indeterminate growth habit. Additionally, growth habit can have influence on culture management, productivity and total soluble solids (TSS) in fruits. The growth habit is mainly controlled by the gene SELF-PRUNING (SP), which is a component of a small gene family which is also part of the gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT), currently considered one of the components so sought after 'florigin'. Understanding the biochemical function and physiological effect of such genes in interaction with the environment and other genes (epistasis), allows the manipulation of parameters such as precocity and TSS. It also provides subsidies to understand the genetic basis of semideterminate growth, which combines the advantages of determinate and indeterminate habit and can be used for plant breeders to development of new cultivars.

CHARACTERIZATION STUDY OF CAMBUCI FRUIT [Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg.) Landrum] AND ITS APPLICATION IN JELLY PROCESSING

CHARACTERIZATION STUDY OF CAMBUCI FRUIT [Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg.) Landrum] AND ITS APPLICATION IN JELLY PROCESSING The objective of this paper was to study possible differences of varieties of cambuci fruit reported by producers by means of fruit characterization and elaboration of jelly. The fruits were divided in four possible varieties groups, named as A, B, C and D, and submitted to analysis regarding weight, ash, moisture, pH, soluble solids, acidity, ratio, ascorbic acid and water activity. To the preparation of the jelly was chosen the variety A with two formulations, 50%50% and 40%60%, fruit and sugar respectively. Concerning the possible varieties of cambuci only water activity was not significantly different. The acidity and ratio of B variety are noteworthy, because it did differ from the others presenting a more satisfactory result for in natura consumption. All other tests presented statistic alteration of at least one variety, but since these data can be influenced by edaphoclimatic conditions they must be carefully observed. Lower results for pH, acidity, luminosity and degrees hue, were observed for the 60% sugar jelly sample, which contributed for its better results in the preference test for the attributes appearance, color, flavor and texture. The evaluation of attribute aroma of both samples (50% and 60%) did not differ.

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in Sao Paulo state, Brazil

This is the first description of a trypanosoma vivax outbreak in the state of Sao Paulo (municipality of Lins). Fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, weight loss, profuse diarrhea, abortion, anemia, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia were observed in the affected animals. Thirty-one cows and calves died out of a total of 1080 in the herd. Three cows showed neurological symptoms like dysmetria, ataxia, muscle weakness, ptyalism, lymph node enlargement and submandibular edema. Flagellated hemoparasites were observed in blood smears. The species was diagnosed as T vivax by means of PCR. This T vivax strain showed resistance to diaminazene aceturate and the infection spread quickly at the herd. From the ELISA test, 599 serum samples (98.36%) were positive for anti-T. vivax IgG antibodies. This outbreak occurred during a very dry period, which indicates that other factors were involved in the outbreak, such as absence of tabanids and large populations of Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans. The increases in these populations may have been due to the use of biosolid waste from sugar and ethanol plants in the sugarcane plantations surrounding the dairy farm.

Survival and movements of Magellanic penguins rehabilitated from oil fouling along the coast of South America, 2000-2010

Oil pollution is a significant conservation concern. We examined data from six institutions along the coast of South America: Emergency Relief Team of the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Fundacion Mundo Marino, Centro de Recuperacao de Animais Marinhos, Natura Patagonia, Associacao R3 Animal, and Mar del Plata Aquarium and data from resightings in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Falkland/Malvinas Islands. From 2000 to 2010, 2183 oiled Magellanic penguins were rehabilitated as part of the routine activities of these institutions or during emergency responses to eight oil spills in which they were involved; all rehabilitated penguins were flipper banded and released. Since their release, 41 penguins were resighted until 31 December 2011. The results demonstrate that, when combined with other prevention strategies, the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins is a strategy that contributes to the mitigation of adverse effects of oil spills and chronic pollution to the species. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DNA Dosimetry Assessment for Sunscreen Genotoxic Photoprotection

Background: Due to the increase of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) incidence over the last few decades, the use of sunscreen has been widely adopted for skin protection. However, considering the high efficiency of sunlight-induced DNA lesions, it is critical to improve upon the current approaches that are used to evaluate protection factors. An alternative approach to evaluate the photoprotection provided by sunscreens against daily UV radiation-induced DNA damage is provided by the systematic use of a DNA dosimeter. Methodology/Principal Findings: The Sun Protection Factor for DNA (DNA-SPF) is calculated by using specific DNA repair enzymes, and it is defined as the capacity for inhibiting the generation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and oxidised DNA bases compared with unprotected control samples. Five different commercial brands of sunscreen were initially evaluated, and further studies extended the analysis to include 17 other products representing various formulations and Sun Protection Factors (SPF). Overall, all of the commercial brands of SPF 30 sunscreens provided sufficient protection against simulated sunlight genotoxicity. In addition, this DNA biosensor was useful for rapidly screening the biological protection properties of the various sunscreen formulations. Conclusions/Significance: The application of the DNA dosimeter is demonstrated as an alternative, complementary, and reliable method for the quantification of sunscreen photoprotection at the level of DNA damage.