Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in Switzerland: results of a 6-year national prospective surveillance study.

A large variation in neonatal herpes incidence is observed in USA and Europe. Better knowledge of neonatal herpes epidemiology is important to inform local prevention strategies. Between 2002 and 2008, the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit reported prospectively proven neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. During the study period seven cases were declared, for an incidence of 1.6/100,000 (95% CI 0.64-3.28/100,000) live births. This is one of the lowest incidences of neonatal herpes reported.

Intergroup distinctiveness and discriminatory immigration attitudes: The role of national identification

We examined the moderating role of national identification in understanding when a focus on intergroup similarity versus difference on ingroup stereotypical traits-manipulated with scale anchors-leads to support for discriminatory immigration policies. In line with intergroup distinctiveness research, national identification moderated the similarity-difference manipulation effect. Low national identifiers supported discriminatory immigration policies more when intergroup difference rather than similarity was made salient, whereas the opposite pattern was found for high national identifiers: They trended toward being more discriminatory when similarity was made salient. The impact of assimilation expectations and national identity content on the findings is discussed.

Overall Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infections Among Surgical Patients: Results of a National Study.

OBJECTIVE:: To assess the overall burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients exposed and nonexposed to surgery. BACKGROUND:: Targeted HAI surveillance is common in healthcare institutions, but may underestimate the overall burden of disease. METHODS:: Prevalence study among patients hospitalized in 50 acute care hospitals participating in the Swiss Nosocomial Infection Prevalence surveillance program. RESULTS:: Of 8273 patients, 3377 (40.8%) had recent surgery. Overall, HAI was present in 358 (10.6%) patients exposed to surgery, but only in 206 (4.2%) of 4896 nonexposed (P < 0.001). Prevalence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 5.4%. Healthcare-associated infections prevalence excluding SSI was 6.5% in patients with surgery and 4.7% in those without (P < 0.0001). Patients exposed to surgery carried less intrinsic risk factors for infection (age >60 years, 55.6% vs 63.0%; American Society of Anesthesiologists score >3, 5.9% vs 9.3%; McCabe for rapidly fatal disease, 3.9% vs 6.6%; Charlson comorbidity index >2, 12.3% vs 20.9%, respectively; all P < 0.001) than those nonexposed, but more extrinsic risk factors (urinary catheters, 39.6% vs 14.1%; central venous catheters, 17.8% vs 7.1%; mechanical ventilation, 4.7% vs 1.3%; intensive care stay, 18.3% vs 8.8%, respectively; all P < 0.001). Exposure to surgery independently predicted an increased risk of HAI (odds ratio 2.43; 95% CI 2.0-3.0). CONCLUSIONS:: Despite a lower intrinsic risk, patients exposed to surgery carried more than twice the overall HAI burden than those nonexposed; almost half was accountable to SSI. Extending infection control efforts beyond SSI prevention in these patients might be rewarding, especially because of the extrinsic nature of risk factors.

Lettre de Monsieur M*** [Maultrot] à Monsieur J*** [Jabineau] sur un écrit intitulé : "Opinion de M. Camus, dans la séance du 31 mai 1790, sur le plan de constitution du clergé, proposé par le comité ecclésiastique" ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 8.240

Empirical errors of small area estimates from the multisource National Forest Inventory in Eastern Finland

Abstract

European expert opinion on the management of invasive candidiasis in adults.

This report discusses the present status of antifungal therapy and treatment options for candidaemia, considered by experts in the field in Europe. A conference of 26 experts from 13 European countries was held to discuss strategies for the treatment and prevention of invasive candidiasis, with the aim of providing a review on optimal management strategies. Published and unpublished comparative trials on antifungal therapy were analysed and discussed. Commonly asked questions about the management of candidaemia were selected, and possible responses to these questions were discussed. Panellists were then asked to respond to each question by using a touchpad answering system. After the initial conference, the viewpoint document has been reviewed and edited to include new insights and developments since the initial meeting. For many situations, consensus on treatment could not be reached, and the responses indicate that treatment is likely to be modified on a patient-to-patient basis, depending on factors such as degree of illness, prior exposure to azole antifungals, and the presence of potentially antifungal drug-resistant Candida species.