Current Mode with RMS Voltage and Offset Control Loops for a Single-Phase Aircraft Inverter Suitable for Parallel and 3-Phase Operation Modes

Rms voltage regulation may be an attractive possibility for controlling power inverters. Combined with a Hall Effect sensor for current control, it keeps its parallel operation capability while increasing its noise immunity, which may lead to a reduction of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Besides, as voltage regulation is designed in DC, a simple PI regulator can provide accurate voltage tracking. Nevertheless, this approach does not lack drawbacks. Its narrow voltage bandwidth makes transients last longer and it increases the voltage THD when feeding non-linear loads, such as rectifying stages. On the other hand, the implementation can fall into offset voltage error. Furthermore, the information of the output voltage phase is hidden for the control as well, making the synchronization of a 3-phase setup not trivial. This paper explains the concept, design and implementation of the whole control scheme, in an on board inverter able to run in parallel and within a 3-phase setup. Special attention is paid to solve the problems foreseen at implementation level: a third analog loop accounts for the offset level is added and a digital algorithm guarantees 3-phase voltage synchronization.

Influencia de la adición de zeolita en las propiedades micro y macroestructurales en pastas y morteros.

Las adiciones activas en los hormigones son cada día más usuales, no solo debido a razones económicas, sino porque los efectos que se desarrollan son beneficiosos para las prestaciones del hormigón, léase durabilidad y resistencias mecánicas. En Cuba ha sido frenada al no existir fuentes como las tradicionalmente conocidas y comercializadas como es cenizas volantes y las micro sílices (silica fume o fly ash). El desarrollo de estudios de algunos minerales industriales nacionales de génesis ígnea como los vidrios volcánicos, tobas vítreas o zeolitas han demostrado su actividad puzolánica. Es conocido que la zeolita tiene actividad puzolánica desde la época romana, y actualmente se utilizan en el mundo para la producción de cementos mezclados, sin embargo la experiencia cubana es el precedente de su uso como adición activa a hormigones. Se han realizado investigaciones a diferentes escalas del uso de adiciones de zeolita en tecnologías de prefabricado, premezclado y pretensado que han demostrado las mejoras en las prestaciones. El presente trabajo explica el aumento de las prestaciones antes demostradas mediante el estudio de los cambios microestructurales, tanto de composición química como en la morfología de los productos de hidratación formados, a partir de análisis por microscopia electrónica de barrido y microanálisis por espectroscopia de dispersión de energía de rayos X en pasta de cemento y cemento + zeolita comparativamente.

Differential Micro RNA Expression in PBMC from Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Differences in gene expression patterns have been documented not only in Multiple Sclerosis patients versus healthy controls but also in the relapse of the disease. Recently a new gene expression modulator has been identified: the microRNA or miRNA. The aim of this work is to analyze the possible role of miRNAs in multiple sclerosis, focusing on the relapse stage. We have analyzed the expression patterns of 364 miRNAs in PBMC obtained from multiple sclerosis patients in relapse status, in remission status and healthy controls. The expression patterns of the miRNAs with significantly different expression were validated in an independent set of samples. In order to determine the effect of the miRNAs, the expression of some predicted target genes of these were studied by qPCR. Gene interaction networks were constructed in order to obtain a co-expression and multivariate view of the experimental data. The data analysis and later validation reveal that two miRNAs (hsa-miR-18b and hsa-miR-599) may be relevant at the time of relapse and that another miRNA (hsa-miR-96) may be involved in remission. The genes targeted by hsa-miR-96 are involved in immunological pathways as Interleukin signaling and in other pathways as wnt signaling. This work highlights the importance of miRNA expression in the molecular mechanisms implicated in the disease. Moreover, the proposed involvement of these small molecules in multiple sclerosis opens up a new therapeutic approach to explore and highlight some candidate biomarker targets in MS

Shadow Analysis of Soil Surface Roughness Compared to the Chain Set Method and Direct Measurement of Micro-relief.

Erosion potential and the effects of tillage can be evaluated from quantitative descriptions of soil surface roughness. The present study therefore aimed to fill the need for a reliable, low-cost and convenient method to measure that parameter. Based on the interpretation of micro-topographic shadows, this new procedure is primarily designed for use in the field after tillage. The principle underlying shadow analysis is the direct relationship between soil surface roughness and the shadows cast by soil structures under fixed sunlight conditions. The results obtained with this method were compared to the statistical indexes used to interpret field readings recorded by a pin meter. The tests were conducted on 4-m2 sandy loam and sandy clay loam plots divided into 1-m2 subplots tilled with three different tools: chisel, tiller and roller. The highly significant correlation between the statistical indexes and shadow analysis results obtained in the laboratory as well as in the field for all the soil?tool combinations proved that both variability (CV) and dispersion (SD) are accommodated by the new method. This procedure simplifies the interpretation of soil surface roughness and shortens the time involved in field operations by a factor ranging from 12 to 20.