"Degollaron a todos los dichos treynta e tres yngleses e asy degollados dis que los lançaron en la mar": Las hermandades vascas y la lucha contra la piratería en la Baja Edad Media

[ES]En este artículo se analizan las acciones de piratería y de corso sufridas o protagonizadas por naturales del País Vasco en el siglo XV. Igualmente se analiza la concesión de cartas de marca y represalia para resarcirse de las acciones piráticas. Y, por último, la persecución de la pirtaería por parte de las autoridades de la provincia de Guipúzcoa, a través de la institución de la Hermamdad, mediante el ejemplo de un buque inglés capturado por piratas vascos.

Territorialización de la justicia en el País Vasco a fines de la Edad Media

[ES]En este artículo se realiza un repaso por la organización de la justicia (corpus, instancias...)en el territorio del Señorío de Vizcaya (País Vasco) en la Edad Media.

Is the Current Regulation of the VIII Division European Anchovy Optimal?

This paper sets out to assess the workability of the regulation currently in force in the European anchovy fishery of the VIII division. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the institutional regime in the allocation of natural resources. The study uses a bio-economic approach and takes into account the fact that, not only the European Union and the individual countries involved, but also some of the resource users or appropriators intervene in its management. In order to compare the effectiveness of the rules which, at the various levels, have been set up to restrict exploitation of the resource, the anchovy fishery is simulated in two extreme situations: open access and sole ownership. The results obtained by effective management will then be contrasted with those obtained from the maximum and zero profit objectives related with the two above-mentioned scenarios. Thus, if the real data come close to those derived from the sole ownership model it will have to be acknowledged that the rules at present in force are optimal. If, on the other hand, the situation more closely approach the results obtained from the open access model, we will endeavour in our conclusions to provide suggestions for economic policy measures that might improve the situation in the fishery.

La evolución del hábitat y el poblamiento en el País Vasco durante las Edades Media y Moderna

[ES]el presente artículo es un intento de sintetizar las principales aportaciones que sobre hábitat y poblamiento se han hecho en los últimos veinticinco años en el ámbito de la investigación histórica y arqueológica del País Vasco, así como los debates que sobre cuestiones concretas se vienen produciendo entre los especialistas. Por tanto, trata de establecer un estado de la cuestión. El análisis tiene una pretensión diacrónica, por ello realiza un recorrido por las diferentes formas de hábitat y poblamiento que los habitantes del País Vasco utilizaron desde la caída del imperio romano hasta el siglo XIX.

Linajes urbanos y Parientes Mayores en Guipúzcoa a finales de la Edad Media (1450-1520)

[ES]Durante el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Edad Moderna los linajes urbanos y los Parientes Mayores siguieron compartiendo intereses comunes y estrechos lazos sanguíneos y económicos, que les permitieron monopolizar el poder de las villas guipuzcoanas y copar la mayor parte de los cargos concejiles, dando lugar a un proceso de oligarquización. El trabajo de investigación se vale de métodos prosopográficos para analizar una serie de fuentes inéditas o escasamente utilizadas hasta la fecha, complementadas por otras suficientemente conocidas, para demostrar que, a pesar de lo que ha venido manteniendo la historiografía, los Parientes Mayores no fueron vencidos y desplazados por los linajes urbanos, si no que se produjo una simbiosis entre ambos, lo que les permitió seguir controlando la vida política local y provincial de forma directa o indirecta.

La construcción naval en el País Vasco duranre la Edad Media

[ES] En este artículo se analiza la evolución de las técnicas de construcción naval vascas durante la Edad Media, no sólo a través de los testimonios escritos y arqueológicos existentes hasta la fecha, sino también a través de las representaciones iconográficas que aparecen en iglesias y edificios públicos.

Superstición y brujería en el Duranguesado a fines de la Edad Media: ¿Amboto 1507?

[ES] En este investigación se analiza el rico mundo de las supersticiones, de la magia, de la hechicería y de la brujería vasca medieval, centrándose especialmente en el foco de brujería que afectó a la comarca del Duranguesado y que ha pasado a la historiografía y a la tradición popular bajo el sobre nombre de brujas del Amboto.

Transient Flows in Low Permeability Porous Media with Composite Start-Up Pressure Gradient

A new mathematical model for the transient flow in the composite low permeability is established. It is solved by FEM with different boundary conditions such as infinite, circular closed and constant pressure boundary conditions. The typical curves for transient wellbore pressure have been presented. It is shown that the pressure and pressure derivative curves with composite start-up pressure gradients have different slopes which are depended on the start-up pressure gradients and the mobility radios in different regions. The boundary effects are the same as the normal reservoirs without start-up pressure gradients. The study provides a new tool to analyze the transient pressure test data in the low permeability reservoir.

Propagation of Explosion Wave in Hard-Soft-Hard Layered Media

The paper presents a reasonable analysis for dynamic response and failure process of a plane multi-layered media, which are subjected to a blast loading. This blast loading is induced by a cylindric explosive put on the center of top surface of the layered media. With the help of numerical simulation technique provided by LS-DYNA software, the whole process of explosion wave propagation and attenuation can be revealed. The feature of local failure around the blasting site is also discussed in some detail. Our focus will be on the explosion wave attenuation for the hard-soft-hard sandwich layers. As seen in the paper, the computational results are delivered in a feasible way by comparing with experimental data.

Numerical Sensitivity Analysis and Partial Similarity of Porous Media Flows

A numerical optimisation approach to identify dominant dimensionless variables in porous media flows by sensitivity analysis is proposed. We have validated the approach at first by examining a simple oil reservoir theoretically and numerically as well. A more complex water-flooding reservoir is examined based on sensitivity analysis of oil recovery to the similarity parameters, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach to identify dominant similarity parameters for water-oil two-phase flows.

Catastrophic Rupture Induced Damage Coalescence in Heterogeneous Brittle Media

In heterogeneous brittle media, the evolution of damage is strongly influenced by the multiscale coupling effect. To better understand this effect, we perform a detailed investigation of the damage evolution, with particular attention focused on the catastrophe transition. We use an adaptive multiscale finite-element model (MFEM) to simulate the damage evolution and the catastrophic failure of heterogeneous brittle media. Both plane stress and plane strain cases are investigated for a heterogeneous medium whose initial shear strength follows the Weibull distribution. Damage is induced through the application of the Coulomb failure criterion to each element, and the element mesh is refined where the failure criterion is met. We found that as damage accumulates, there is a stronger and stronger nonlinear increase in stress and the stress redistribution distance. The coupling of the dynamic stress redistribution and the heterogeneity at different scales result in an inverse cascade of damage cluster size, which represents rapid coalescence of damage at the catastrophe transition.

Adsorptive Media Investigations and Testing for Improved Performance of Stormwater Treatment Systems in the Tahoe Basin

Retrofit activities, such as improving hydrology and incorporating more advanced treatment methods into systems where feasible, may improve phosphorus (P) removal performance of current Best Management Practices (BMPs). In the recent past, chemical treatment systems such as chemical dosing and the use of adsorptive media have become more prevalent for treating stormwater and hold promise for improving the P removal performance of stormwater treatment BMPs (Bachand et al., 2005; Patel et al., 2005). Our primary objective for this project has been to investigate whether adsorptive media hold any promise for improving P removal performance of stormwater basins and treatment wetlands at Lake Tahoe.... (PDF contains 99 pages)

Networks for Knowledge: Social Media enthuses students of Early Years Education

Networks for Knowledge (n4k Ltd) are a Work Based Learning organisation which specialises in Early Years Education. Training and Development Manager, Elaine Wareing has developed the use of Facebook and Twitter to promote peer learning and interaction beyond the classroom. It also allows trainers to discuss ideas and challengers with a wider group of learners. This has allowed practitioners across a wide geographical area to share their thoughts and ideas together on some of the subjects relating to early years practice.

Comparisons of static, quasi-static and dynamic 3D porous media scale network models for two-phase immiscible flow in porous media

A dynamic 3D pore-scale network model is formulated for investigating the effect of interfacial tension and oil-water viscosity during chemical flooding. The model takes into account both viscous and capillary forces in analyzing the impact of chemical properties on flow behavior or displacement configuration, while the static model with conventional invasion percolation algorithm incorporates the capillary pressure only. From comparisons of simulation results from these models. it indicates that the static pore scale network model can be used successfully when the capillary number is low. With the capillary increases due to the enhancement of water viscosity or decrease of interfacial tension, only the quasi-static and dynamic model can give insight into the displacement mechanisms.