Advancements in jet turbulence and noise modeling: accurate one-way solutions and empirical evaluation of the nonlinear forcing of wavepackets

Jet noise reduction is an important goal within both commercial and military aviation. Although large-scale numerical simulations are now able to simultaneously compute turbulent jets and their radiated sound, lost-cost, physically-motivated models are needed to guide noise-reduction efforts. A particularly promising modeling approach centers around certain large-scale coherent structures, called wavepackets, that are observed in jets and their radiated sound. The typical approach to modeling wavepackets is to approximate them as linear modal solutions of the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations linearized about the long-time mean of the turbulent flow field. The near-field wavepackets obtained from these models show compelling agreement with those educed from experimental and simulation data for both subsonic and supersonic jets, but the acoustic radiation is severely under-predicted in the subsonic case. This thesis contributes to two aspects of these models. First, two new solution methods are developed that can be used to efficiently compute wavepackets and their acoustic radiation, reducing the computational cost of the model by more than an order of magnitude. The new techniques are spatial integration methods and constitute a well-posed, convergent alternative to the frequently used parabolized stability equations. Using concepts related to well-posed boundary conditions, the methods are formulated for general hyperbolic equations and thus have potential applications in many fields of physics and engineering. Second, the nonlinear and stochastic forcing of wavepackets is investigated with the goal of identifying and characterizing the missing dynamics responsible for the under-prediction of acoustic radiation by linear wavepacket models for subsonic jets. Specifically, we use ensembles of large-eddy-simulation flow and force data along with two data decomposition techniques to educe the actual nonlinear forcing experienced by wavepackets in a Mach 0.9 turbulent jet. Modes with high energy are extracted using proper orthogonal decomposition, while high gain modes are identified using a novel technique called empirical resolvent-mode decomposition. In contrast to the flow and acoustic fields, the forcing field is characterized by a lack of energetic coherent structures. Furthermore, the structures that do exist are largely uncorrelated with the acoustic field. Instead, the forces that most efficiently excite an acoustic response appear to take the form of random turbulent fluctuations, implying that direct feedback from nonlinear interactions amongst wavepackets is not an essential noise source mechanism. This suggests that the essential ingredients of sound generation in high Reynolds number jets are contained within the linearized Navier-Stokes operator rather than in the nonlinear forcing terms, a conclusion that has important implications for jet noise modeling.

介电超晶格结构极化设备的研究

针对介电超晶格结构的特殊极化问题,自行研制了极化设备。研究了Windows操作系统下实现高频精确定时的高性能定时器法。基于此方法实现了极化设备的任意波形发生器及信号采集功能。研制开发了高精度0-10kV稳压电源,产生满足要求的极化电压。利用这种设备完成了化学计量比钽酸锂晶体的极化实验。结果表明设备运行稳定可靠,性能良好。

Systematic Studies on 3d- and 4f-Metal Containing Polyoxometalates Suitable for Organic Derivatization

232 p.

Specklegram in a multiple-mode fiber and its dependence on longitudinal modes of the laser source

A specklegram in a multimode fiber (MMF) has successfully been used as a sensor for detecting external disturbance. Our experiments showed that the sensitivity in the sensor with a multiple longitudinal-mode laser as its source was much higher than that with a single longitudinal-mode laser. In addition, the near-field pattern observations indicated that the coupling between different transverse modes in the MMF is quite weak. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model for the speckle formation is proposed, taking a bend-caused phase factor into consideration. It is shown in the theoretical analysis that the interferences between different longitudinal modes make a larger contribution to the specklegram signals. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Talbot effect of a high-density grating under femtosecond laser illumination

The Talbot effect of a high-density grating under femtosecond laser illumination is analyzed with rigorous electromagnetic theory which is based on the Fourier decomposition and the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). Numerical simulations show that the contrast of the Talbot images steadily decreases as the transmitted femtosecond laser pulses propagate forward and with wider spectrum width of the femtosecond laser pulses. The Talbot images of high-density gratings have much higher sensitivity of the spectrum widths of the incident laser pulses than those of the traditional low-density gratings. In experiments, the spectrums and the pulse widths of the incident pulses are measured with a frequency-resolved optical grating (FROG) apparatus. The Talbot images are detected by using a Talbot scanning near-field optical microscopy (Talbot-SNOM) technique, which are in coincidence with the numerical simulations. This effect should be useful for developing new femtosecond laser techniques and devices. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of the frequency chirp on the fields of a chirped Gaussian pulse passing through a hard-edged aperture

Based on the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and Fourier transform, propagation expression of a chirped Gaussian pulse passing through a hard-edged aperture is derived. Intensity distributions of the pulse with different frequency chirp in the near-field and far-field are analyzed in detail by numerical calculations. In the near-field, amplitudes of the intensity peaks generated by the modulation of the hard-edged aperture decrease with increasing the frequency chirp, which results in the improving of the beam uniformity. A physical explanation for the smoothing effect brought by increasing the frequency chirp is given. The smoothing effect is achieved not only in the pulse with Gaussian transverse profile but also in the pulse with Hermite-Gaussian transverse profile when the frequency chirp increases. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

图像处理在光路自动准直系统中的应用

光路自动准直系统应用于惯性约束聚变的高功率激光装置中的光束自动调整。图像处理是光路自动准直的关键技术之一。针对神光Ⅲ原型装置，结合阈值化、重心法、中值滤波和圆拟合等多种不同的图像处理方法设计了一套合理的准直方案，并且在模拟实验平台上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，光路自动准直系统能够在15min之内顺利完成光路的自动调整，光束近场调整精度优于近场光斑的±0．5％，光束远场调整精度≤±0．3″，满足了原型装置的总体要求。

利用消衍射透镜列阵及光谱色散平滑实现焦斑均匀辐照

提出将空间域的透镜列阵法和时间域的光谱色散平滑法结合起来实现靶面的均匀辐照．消衍射型透镜列阵能获得边缘陡峭且顶部较平坦的准近场焦斑，光谱色散平滑则能有效地抹平焦斑内部由多光束干涉引起的细密条纹．数值结果显示，通过该方案能获得均匀性较好的焦斑．进一步分析了光谱色散平滑单元中位相调制和光栅的参数对辐照均匀性的影响，发现参数的选取要在焦斑均匀性和能量利用率之间取得合理平衡，以在整体上获得最佳的均匀辐照效果．

Influence of the chirp on the intensity distributions of an apertured pulse

Starting from the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and the Fourier transform, the propagation expression of a chirped pulse passing through a hard-edged aperture is derived. Using the obtained expression, the intensity distributions of the pulse with different chirp in the near and far fields are analyzed in detail. Due to the modulation of the aperture, many intensity peaks emerge in the intensity distributions of the chirped pulse in the near field. However, the amplitudes of the intensity peaks decrease on increasing the chirp, which results in the smoothing effect in the intensity distributions. The beam smoothing brought by increasing the chirp is explained physically. Also, it is found that the radius of the intensity distribution of the chirped pulse decreases when the chirp increases in the far field. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Improved uniformity of target illumination by combining a lens array and the technique of spectral dispersion

A scheme using a lens array and the technique of spectral dispersion is presented to improve target illumination uniformity in laser produced plasmas. Detailed two-dimensional simulation shows that a quasi-near-field target pattern, of steeper edges and without side lobes, is achieved with a lens array, while interference stripes inside the pattern are smoothed out by the use of the spectral dispersion technique. Moving the target slightly from the exact focal plane of the principal focusing lens can eliminate middle-scale-length intensity fluctuation further. Numerical results indicate that a well-irradiated laser spot with small nonuniformity and great energy efficiency can be obtained in this scheme. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Fields of apertured polychromatic laser beams with Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes

Starting from the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, the field expressions of apertured polychromatic laser beams with Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes are derived. Influence of the bandwidth on the intensity distributions of the laser beams is analyzed. It is found that when the bandwidth increases, the amplitudes and numbers of the intensity spikes decrease and beam uniformity is improved in the near field and the width of transverse intensity distribution of the apertured beams decreases in the far field. Thus, the smoothing and narrowing effects can be achieved by increasing the bandwidth. Also, these effects are found in the laser beams with Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes as the bandwidth increases.(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

光通过纳米颗粒随机散射体透射光强的计算及分析

光通过随机散射体后透射光强的估算,对于提取散射体内部无法直接测量或者无法直接观察的信息至关重要。在分析平行光束通过纳米圆形颗粒随机散射体出射面上光强组成的基础上推导了透射光强的计算公式,并指出多重散射理论、一阶多重散射理论和朗伯比尔定律在一定近似程度上可以相对精确地估算透射光强。这三种方法的估算结果之间会出现四种相对关系。根据这些相对关系,分析了光在散射体内部传输时散射过程的特征以及各种散射过程对出射面光强的贡献大小。