Implication of scaling hierarchy associated with nonequilibrium: field and particulate

The advent of nanotechnology has necessitated a better understanding of how material microstructure changes at the atomic level would affect the macroscopic properties that control the performance. Such a challenge has uncovered many phenomena that were not previously understood and taken for granted. Among them are the basic foundation of dislocation theories which are now known to be inadequate. Simplifying assumptions invoked at the macroscale may not be applicable at the micro- and/or nanoscale. There are implications of scaling hierrachy associated with in-homegeneity and nonequilibrium. of physical systems. What is taken to be homogeneous and equilibrium at the macroscale may not be so when the physical size of the material is reduced to microns. These fundamental issues cannot be dispensed at will for the sake of convenience because they could alter the outcome of predictions. Even more unsatisfying is the lack of consistency in modeling physical systems. This could translate to the inability for identifying the relevant manufacturing parameters and rendering the end product unpractical because of high cost. Advanced composite and ceramic materials are cases in point. Discussed are potential pitfalls for applying models at both the atomic and continuum levels. No encouragement is made to unravel the truth of nature. Let it be partiuclates, a smooth continuum or a combination of both. The present trend of development in scaling tends to seek for different characteristic lengths of material microstructures with or without the influence of time effects. Much will be learned from atomistic simulation models to show how results could differ as boundary conditions and scales are changed. Quantum mechanics, continuum and cosmological models provide evidence that no general approach is in sight. Of immediate interest is perhaps the establishment of greater precision in terminology so as to better communicate results involving multiscale physical events.

The development of an inhomogeneous damage field in an elastic-plastic model

By making use of the evolution equation of the damage field as derived from the statistical mesoscopic damage theory, we have preliminarily examined the inhomogeneous damage field in an elastic-plastic model under constant-velocity tension. Three types of deformation and damage field evolution are presented. The influence of the plastic matrix is examined. It seems that matrix plasticity may defer the failure due to damage evolution. A criterion for damage localization is consistent with the numerical results.

Large strain field near a crack tip in a rubber sheet

The distribution of stress-strain near a crack tip in a rubber sheet is investigated by employing the constitutive relation given by Gao (1997). It is shown that the crack tip field is composed of two shrinking sectors and one expanding sector. The stress state near the crack tip is in uniaxial tension. The analytical solutions are obtained for both expanding and shrinking sectors.

Magnetic field design for floating zone crystal growth

The magnetic fields produced by electrical coils are designed for P-doped Si crystal growth in a floating full zone in microgravity environment. The fields are designed specially to reduce the how near the free surface and then in the melt zone by adjusting the coil positions near the melt zone. The effects of the designed magnetic fields on reducing the Row velocity and the non-uniformity of the concentration distribution in the melt zone are better than those of the case of a uniform longitudinal magnetic field, obtained by numerical simulation. It is expected to improve the radial macro-segregation and reduce the convection in the crystal growth at the same time by using the designed magnetic field.

Research on the Temperature Field in Laser Hardening

Temperature field in the laser hardening process was numerically simulated by MSC.Marc software. The influence of energy density on laser hardening effect is analyzed. Simulation result is verified through the thermocouple temperature transducer measuring the specimen surface temperature under the laser irradiation. Experimental curves of temperature versus time are in agreement with simulation results. The simulation results can be regarded as a basis for choosing laser technological parameters.

Analysis of Dislocation-Induced Strain Field in an Idealized Wafer-Bonded Microstructure

The localized dislocation at the interface induces uneven strain distribution in two wafer-bonded layers. Because of the different elastic properties of two bonding layers and this uneven strain distribution, the bilayered microstructure deflects and deflection relaxes the strains. Depending on the microstructure dimensions, elastic properties and lattice parameters, the contribution of deflection to strain field can be very significant. The interface condition also plays an important role in relaxing strain. Two models capable of describing different interface conditions are used for the analysis and offer a more comprehensive study on the dislocation-induced strain field in a wafer-bonded bilayered microstructure. The combined effect of microstructure dimensions and interface condition on the strain is presented and compared.

Numerical Analysis of LEC Growth of GaAs with an Axial Magnetic Field

A set of numerical analyses for momentum and heat transfer For a 3 in. (0.075 m) diameter Liquid Encapsulant Czochralski (LEC) growth of single-crystal GaAs with or without all axial magnetic field was carried Out using the finite-element method. The analyses assume a pseudosteady axisymmetric state with laminar floats. Convective and conductive heat transfers. radiative heat transfer between diffuse surfaces and the Navier-Stokes equations for both melt and encapsulant and electric current stream function equations Cor melt and crystal Lire considered together and solved simultaneously. The effect of the thickness of encapsulant. the imposed magnetic field strength as well as the rotation rate of crystal and crucible on the flow and heat transfer were investigated. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.