须花藤的化学成分

采用乙醇提取，硅胶柱层析分离和波谱方法鉴定结构，从须花藤Genianthus laurifolius (Roxb.) Hook. f.地上部分共分离鉴定出8个化合物：羽扇豆醇乙酯（I）、大黄素甲醚（II）、β－谷甾醇（III）、6，23－二烯－5，8－过氧麦角甾－3－醇（IV）、7，8β－epoxysinogenin-α-D-oleandropyranoside(V)、常春藤配基（VI）、3β，23－二羟基乌索－12－烯－28－酸（VII）和胡萝卜甙（VIII）。这些化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

Embryology of Swertia cincta (Gentianaceae) and Its Systematic Value

This paper reports the mega-, micro-sporogenesis and female-, male-gametogenesis of Swertia cincta for the first time, with the aim of discussing the systematic position of section Platynema and section Ophelia of Swertia. Anthers are tetrasporangiate. The development of anther walls conforms to the dicotyledonous type. The tapetum cells have dual origin and are similar to the glandular type. There are two middle layers. The endothecium and epidermis persist. Cytokinesis in the microsporrocyte meiosis is simultaneous type and the microscpore teads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are 3-celled. The ovary is bicarpellum and unilocular. The placentation is of suparietal placentation with 12 series of ovules. The ovules. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar and ana-campylotropous, The embryo sac orignates from the single-archesporial cell. The one chalazal megaspore in lienar tetrad become the functional megasore. The development of embryo sac is of the polygonum type. Before fertilization, two polar nuclei fuse into one secondary nucleus. Three antipodal cells persisted and divided into 5-8 cells. A comparison between two sections indicates that section Plathnema is better treated as distinct section and is more advanced than section Ophelia according to the evolutionary trends of embryological characters.

柴达木盆地弃耕地水盐动态分析

对柴达木盆地盐碱化弃耕地水盐动态进行了监测，结果表明，该示范区地下水位年变幅为3.12～3.46 m，处于临界水位以上。示范区土壤水盐季节动态受当地自然气候条件的影响强烈，在5月和8月间皆出现有高峰期。

“藏茵陈”——川西獐牙菜的大孢子发生及雌配子体发育

首次报道了藏茵陈川西獐牙菜的大孢子发生及雌配子体发育。川西獐牙菜为倒生胚珠，薄珠心，单珠被，线形大孢子四分体，胚囊发育为蓼型，反足细胞分裂为5～8个，宿存，每个细胞均异常膨大，并多核。反足细胞在龙胆科一些一年生高山植物中的宿存和分裂具有重要的生殖适应和进化意义，这对于这些植物在青藏高原严酷的自然环境下，在短时间内完成其生活史是非常重要的。

假橐吾属(菊科:千里光族)的核形态研究

首次发表假橐吾属LigulariopsisY .L .Chen的核形态研究结果。染色体间期为复杂型 ,前期染色体为中间型。染色体长度从 2 .70 μm到 4 .70 μm ,平均长度为 3.62 μm ,无明显的二型性 ;核型公式为 2n=5 8=34m + 1 8sm( 2sat) + 6st,核型类型属于 2A型。假橐吾属的核型和蟹甲草属与橐吾属相似 ,但假橐吾属具有较多的亚中部、中部着丝点染色体。

高寒草甸珠芽蓼抗氧化物质含量的季节变化及与太阳辐射的关系

对高寒草甸珠芽蓼中几种抗氧化物质含量的季节变化测定发现, 珠芽蓼叶片内抗坏血酸、超氧阴离子自由基的相对含量、超氧化物歧化酶的活性以及紫外辐射吸收色素在5月至8 月间呈现“拱型”曲线变化, 不同物质分别以6、7月份最高, 分别与海北站地区的太阳辐射呈现一定的相关性。

高寒草甸牧草产量形成过程及与气象因子的关联分析

高寒草甸牧草产量的形成过程与生物量的积累过程和自然界各种生物种群消长规律一样，可用逻辑斯谛生长函数来描述。随着季节的进程，依环境条件的周期变化表现为有缓慢积累-快速增加-相对稳定-折损减少等4个阶段。对气象因子影响高寒草甸牧草产量灰色关联分析结果表明，高寒草甸地区降水量可基本满足牧草生长发育的需求，而温度因子则成为主要的限制因子。其气象因子影响程度大小的序次为：1月平均气温＞5～8月平均气温＞5～8月日照时数＞5～8月水热综合配合(降水量与气 温的比值)＞5～8月降水量＞上年度末9～11月的降水量。在分辨系数取0.5的条件下，以上各因子所对应的关联度排列为：0.835＞0.791＞0.771＞0.754＞0.743＞0.638。将上述各气象因子进行主成分处理后，建立评估或预报高寒草甸牧草产量的模拟模型方程：GW=a+aJ∑Xj。其拟合及试报效果很好，可作高寒草甸牧草产量的评估或预测预报工具。

Methane emissions by alpine plant communities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

For the first time to our knowledge, we report here methane emissions by plant communities in alpine ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This has been achieved through long-term field observations from June 2003 to July 2006 using a closed chamber technique. Strong methane emission at the rate of 26.2 +/- 1.2 and 7.8 +/- 1.1 mu g CH4 m(-2) h(-1) was observed for a grass community in a Kobresia humilis meadow and a Potentilla fruticosa meadow, respectively. A shrub community in the Potentilla meadow consumed atmospheric methane at the rate of 5.8 +/- 1.3 mu g CH4 m(-2) h(-1) on a regional basis; plants from alpine meadows contribute at least 0.13 Tg CH4 yr(-1) in the Tibetan Plateau. This finding has important implications with regard to the regional methane budget and species-level difference should be considered when assessing methane emissions by plants.

Determination of aliphatic amines from soil and wastewater of a paper mill by pre-column derivatization using HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)

A pre-column derivatization method for the sensitive determination of aliphatic amines using the labeling reagent 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl chloroformate (BCEOC) followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection and APCI/NIS identification in positive-ion mode has been developed. The chromophore of 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl chloroformate (CEOC) reagent was replaced by the 1,2-benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole functional group, which resulted in a sensitive fluorescence derivatizing reagent, BCEOC, that could easily and quickly label amines. Derivatives were stable enough to be efficiently analyzed by HPLC and showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z [M + H](+) with APCI/MS in positive-ion mode. The collision induced dissociation of the protonated molecular ion formed characteristic fragment ions at m/z 264.1, m/z 246.0 and m/z 218.1, corresponding to the cleavages of CH2CH2O-CO, CH2CH2-OCO, and N-CH2CH2O bonds. Studies on derivatization conditions demonstrated that excellent derivatization yields close to 100% were observed with a 3 to 4-fold molar reagent excess in acetonitrile solvent, in the presence of borate buffer (pH 9.0) at 40 degrees C for 10 min. In addition, the detection responses for BCEOC derivatives were compared with those obtained with CEOC and FMOC as labeling reagents. The ratios I-BCEOC/I-CEOC and I-BCEOC/I-FMOC were, respectively, 1.40-2.76 and 1.36-2.92 for fluorescence responses (here, I was the relative fluorescence intensity). Separation of the amine derivatives had been optimized on an Eclipse XDB-C-8 column. Detection limits calculated from an 0.10 pmol injection, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 18.65-38.82 fmol (injection volume 10 mu L for fluorescence detection. The relative standard deviations for intraday determination (n = 6) of standard amine derivatives (50 pmol) were 0.0063-0.037% for retention times and 3.36-6.93% for peak areas. The mean intra-and inter-assay precision for all amines were <5.4% and 5.8%, respectively. The recoveries of amines ranged from 96 to 113%. Excellent linear responses were observed with correlation coefficients of >0.9994. The established method provided a simple and highly sensitive technique for the quantitative analysis of trace amounts of aliphatic amines from biological and natural environmental samples.

Variation of active constituents of an important Tibet folk medicine Swertia mussotii Franch. (Gentianaceae) between artificially cultivated and naturally distributed

Concentrations of seven phytochemical constituents (swertiamarin, mangiferin, swertisin, oleanolic acid, 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3methoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone and 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone) of "ZangYinChen" (Swertia mussotii, a herb used in Tibetan folk medicine) were determined and compared in plants collected from naturally distributed high-altitude populations and counterparts that had been artificially cultivated at low altitudes. Levels of mangiferin, the most abundant active compound in this herb, were significantly lower in cultivated samples and showed a negative correlation with altitude. The other constituents were neither positively nor negatively correlated with cultivation at low altitude. Concentrations of all of the constituents varied substantially with growth stage and were highest at the bud stage in the cultivars, but there were no distinct differences between flowering and fruiting stages in this respect. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lack of altitudinal trends in phytochemical constituents of Swertia franchetiana (Gentianaceae)

Diverse biological characters commonly vary with altitude in species that have a wide altitudinal distribution, partly at least as a result of adaptation to differences in aridity, but whether such variation exists for phytochemical constituents remains unknown. Therefore, levels of seven important phytochemical constituents of Swertia franchetiana (swertiamarin, oleanolic acid, swertisin, mangiferin, 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone and 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone) were studied and statistically compared, using materials collected from sites ranging from 2200 to 3960 m in altitude. Swertiamarin was the most abundant in all samples, then mangiferin, oleanolic acid and the other three xanthones. Throughout the distributional range of this species, no altitudinal trend was detected for other constituents except 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, which showed a negative correlation with altitude. However, the concentration of 1, 8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone and mangiferin showed a significantly latitudinal and longitudinal correlation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Short-term variation of CO2 flux in relation to environmental controls in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

[1] The alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau may play a significant role in the regional carbon cycle. To assess the CO2 flux and its relationship to environmental controls in the ecosystem, eddy covariance of CO2, H2O, and energy fluxes was measured with an open-path system in an alpine meadow on the plateau at an elevation of 3,250 m. Net ecosystem CO2 influx (Fc) averaged 8.8 g m(-2) day(-1) during the period from August 9 to 31, 2001, with a maximum of 15.9 g m(-2) day(-1) and a minimum of 2.3 g m(-2) day(-1). Daytime Fc averaged 16.7 g m(-2) day(-1) and ranged from 10.4 g m(-2) day(-1) to 21.7 g m(-2) day(-1) during the study period. For the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), gross CO2 uptake (Gc) was significantly higher on cloudy days than on clear days. However, mean daily Gc was higher on clear days than on cloudy days. With high PPFD, Fc decreased as air temperature increased from 10degreesC to 23degreesC. The greater the difference between daytime and nighttime air temperatures, the more the sink was strengthened. Daytime average water use efficiency of the ecosystem (WUEe) was 8.7 mg (CO2)(g H2O)(-1); WUEe values ranged from 5.8 to 15.3 mg (CO2)(g H2O)(-1). WUEe increased with the decrease in vapor pressure deficit. Daily albedo averaged 0.20, ranging from 0.19 to 0.22 during the study period, and was negatively correlated with daily Fc. Our measurements provided some of the first evidence on CO2 exchange for a temperate alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is necessary for assessing the carbon budget and carbon cycle processes for temperate grassland ecosystems.

内蒙古龙头山Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿模式及找矿模型

The recent years research indicated that middle-south section of Da Hinggan Mountains metallogenic belt has two periods(Hercynian and Yanshanian) characteristics of metallogenesis, as well as the most of ore deposits in the area closely relate to Permian strata. Longtoushan ore deposit discovered in 2004 is an Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit born in Permian and located in the east hillside of the metallogenic belt, which has considerable resources potentials. It has important research value for its good metallogenic location and blank research history. Base on the detail field geology studies, the geology characteristics of "two stages and three kinds of metallogensis" has established. According to further work through geochemistry research including trace element, REE, S, Pb and Sr isotope, as well as petrography, microtemperature measurement, Laser Raman analysis and thermodynamics calculation of fluid inclusion, origin and characteristic of the ore-forming material and fluid has been discussed. And a new technology of single pellet Rb-Sr isochrones has been tried for dating its born time. Bae on above work, study of ore deposit comparison has been carried out, and metallogesis controlling factor and geological prospecting symbol have been summarized. Finally, metallogenic model and prospecting model have been established. According to above, the next step work direction has been proposed. Main achievement of the paper are listed as follow: 1.Longtoushan ore deposit has experienced two metallogenic periods including hot-water sedimentation period and hydrothermal reformation period. There are three kinds of metallizing phase: bedded(or near-bedded) phase, vein-shaped phase and pipe-shaped phase. The mian metallogenic period is hot-water sedimentation period. 2.Ore deposit geochemistry research indicated that the metal sulfides have charcateristic of hot-water sedimentation metallogensis, but generally suffered later hydrothermal transformation. The barite mineral isotope content is homogenous, showing the seabed hot-water sedimentation origin characteristic. Wall rock, such as tuff is one of metallogenic material origins. Both of Pb model age and Rb-Sr isochrone research older age value than that of strata, possibly for been influenced by hydrothermal transformation, and interfusion of ancient basis material. 3.There are two kinds of main metallogenic fluid inclusion in barite of the Longtoushan ore deposit, which are rich gas phase( C type) and liquid phase (D type). Their size is 2～7um, and principal components is H2O. Both kinds of fluid inclusion have freezing point temperature -7.1～-2.4℃ and -5.5～-0.3℃, salinity 4.0～10.6wt% and 0.5～8.5wt%, homogeneous temperature 176.8～361.6℃ and 101.4～279.9℃, which peak value around 270℃ and 170℃, respectively. Density of the ore-forming fluid is 0.73～0.97g/cm3, and metallogenic pressure is 62.3×105～377.9×105Pa. Above characteristic of the fluid inclusion are well geared to that of ore deposit originated in seabed hot-water sedimentation. 4.Through the comparison research, that Longtoushan ore deposit has main characteristic of hot-water sedimentation ore deposit has been indicated. Ore-forming control factor and prospecting symbol of it has been summarized, as well as metallogenic model and prospecting model. Next step work direction about prospecting has also been proposed finally.

特提斯喜马拉雅带晚白垩世-始新世沉积源区分析及其构造意义

Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) is located at the frontier of the India-Asia collision zone, which can preserve critical information about collision. This paper reports detailed petrology, geochemistry, spinels electron microprobe data, and in situ U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic data on detrital zircons from the late Cretaceous to early Eocene strata in Gyantze and Gamba area, south Tibet that provide important constraints on the early tectonic evolution of the India-Asia collision. In Gyantze, the lithic arkose in Zongzhuo mélange is characterized by, SiO2 =80.4%, Al2O3=8.6%, Na2O=1.6%, K2O=1.1%, LaN/YbN=8.90, and εNd (0) =-10.27. Spinels compositions are characterized by low TiO2 (generally <0.1%) and a Cr number mainly between 70 and 80. The largest population of detrital zircons is within the 73-169Ma range with high εHf (t) and > 500 Ma with complex εHf (t) values. The lithic arkose in Rilang conglomerate is characterized by, SiO2 =56.5%, Al2O3=15.6%, Na2O=4.7%, K2O=0.6%, LaN/YbN=5.00-5.29, and εNd (0) =1.92. Spinels of 2006T98 display high TiO2 (generally >0.2%) and a Cr number mainly between 70 and 85, other spinels are characterized by low TiO2 (generally <0.2%) and a Cr number mainly between 60 and 90. The largest population of detrital zircons is within 90-146 Ma range with high εHf (t). The lithic arkose in Jiachala formation is characterized by, SiO2 =64.6%, Al2O3=12.1%, Na2O=1.9%, K2O=1.8%, LaN/YbN=7.73-9.13, and εNd (0) =-5.52~-8.43. Spinels in the Jiachala formation have low TiO2 (generally <0.2%) and a Cr number between 39 and 88. Detrital zircons have a wide range of age distribution of 82-3165Ma with complex εHf (t). In Gamba, The quartze sandstone in Jidula formation is characterized by, SiO2=97.4%, Al2O3=0.9%, Na2O=0.03%, K2O=0.18%, LaN/YbN=18.70-21.684, and εNd (0) between -13.1~-7.4. While the lithic arkose in Zhepure formation is characterized by, SiO2=68.4%, Al2O3=7.3%, Na2O=1.15%, K2O=0.52%, LaN/YbN=6.09-8.99, and εNd(0)=-5.8~-6.3. Based on our geochemical analysis, spinles electron microprobe data, U–Pb ages and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons of the late Cretaceous-Eocene strata in Gyantze and Gamba, southern Tibet, the following major conclusions can be drawn: 1. In Gyantze, the Zongzhuo mélange was mainly derived from accretionary prism/THS of continental slop and Gangdese arc. Rilang conglomerate was totally from Gangdese arc. The Jiachala formation was derived from THS, suture zone and Gangdese arc. 2. In Gamba, the Jidula formation was from India craton, while the Zhepure formation was derived from THS, suture zone and Gangdese arc. 3. The deposite of Zongzhuo mélange and Rilang conglomerate (73-55Ma) marks the collision between India and Asia. 4. Late Paleocene-Eocene tectonic evolution is consistent with foreland basin system.

贵州乌江水系河水硫同位素组成研究

对乌江丰水期河水硫酸盐的硫同位素组成特征进行了研究。SO^2- 4平均浓度为0．48mmol／L，δ^34S值为-11．5‰～8．3‰，干流河水834S值为-6．7％。～-3．9‰。河水的硫同位素组成主要受岩石风化及大气降水的影响，具有明显的区域性分异特征：上游碳酸盐岩地区河水的SO^2- 4浓度高而834s值低，SO^2- 4主要来源于煤中黄铁矿的氧化、矿床硫化物的氧化和大气降水；下游碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩地区河水中的SO^2- 4浓度低而δ^34 S值高，SO^2- 4主要来源于大气降水和石膏溶解，煤中黄铁矿氧化生成的硫酸盐所占比重较低。乌江河水向贵州省外输出的SO^2- 4。通量为172×10^10g／a，丰水期占全年SO^2- 4输出总量的72％。来自煤、硫化物、雨水和蒸发岩的硫对丰水期河水中SO^2- 4的平均贡献分别为：50％、25％、20％和5％。H2s04对碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率为35．1t／km^2／a（17．5mm／ka），由此降低大气CO2消耗速率3．66×10^5moL／km^2／a.