Dictionnaire chronologique, historique, critique sur l'origine de l'idolatrie, des sectes des samaritains, des juifs, des heresies, des schismes, des anti-papes & de tous les principaux hérètiques & fanatiques qui ont causé quelque trouble dans l'Eglise /

Mode of access: Internet.

Traité des scrophules vulgairement appellées écrouelles ou humeurs froides. Troisième partie : contenant l'examen analytique des nouveaux procédés qui composent le remède anti-scrophuleux; suivie de deux dissertations médico-chimiques; dont la première contient le procédé pour dissoudre le plomb, dans le corps vivant. ... La second ... exposé les dangers ... des étamages ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Nouvelles observations faites dans les hôpitaux militaires, de la marine, &c. pour constater la sureté & l'efficacité des lavemens anti-vénériens /

Mode of access: Internet.

Roll neck bearings; report of A. S. M. E. Special research committee on heavy-duty anti-friction bearings, 1935.

Photoprinted.

Entre el revisionismo y el panteón : Alain Badiou lector de Althusser

En el año 2002, fue editado en Argentina Releer Althusser, un libro de entrevistas a intelectuales argentinos que, de una manera u otra, se inscribían dentro de lo que podría considerarse el althusserianismo argentino. La mayoría de las preguntas realizadas a los entrevistados apuntaban a cuestiones tales como cuáles habían sido las condiciones socio-políticas en las que había leído por primera vez a Louis Althusser, qué elementos de su obra les había permitido pensar los procesos políticos y sociales locales y mundiales, qué balance realizaban del itinerario del althusserianismo, cuál podía ser el legado de Althusser a comienzos del siglo XX. Sin embargo, los entrevistadores insistían con una pregunta extraña, en apariencia, para una problemática política e intelectual: "¿Vivís mejor o peor que cuando eras marxista althusseriano?". Ese mismo año, fueron traducidos y editados en España una serie de textos del "Althusser tardío" en un volumen titulado Para un materialismo aleatorio. En el texto que oficia de introducción a los textos publicados, Pedro Fernández Liria remarcaba la radicalidad de la renovación althusseriana y advertía de la enorme deuda de la tradición marxista con su obra. A modo de ejemplificación de lo señalado, retomabaun comentario contundente de Gabriel Albiac, uno de los principales lectores españoles de Althusser: "Durante algún tiempo, todos fuimos althusserianos o anti-althusserianos, que al fin, es lo mismo"

Defining response to anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD

The introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has made significant impact on the reduction of the visual loss due to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD). There are significant inter-individual differences in response to an anti-VEGF agent, made more complex by the availability of multiple anti-VEGF agents with different molecular configurations. The response to anti-VEGF therapy have been found to be dependent on a variety of factors including patient’s age, lesion characteristics, lesion duration, baseline visual acuity (VA) and the presence of particular genotype risk alleles. Furthermore, a proportion of eyes with n-AMD show a decline in acuity or morphology, despite therapy or require very frequent re-treatment. There is currently no consensus as to how to classify optimal response, or lack of it, with these therapies. There is, in particular, confusion over terms such as ‘responder status’ after treatment for n-AMD, ‘tachyphylaxis’ and ‘recalcitrant’ n-AMD. This document aims to provide a consensus on definition/categorisation of the response of n-AMD to anti-VEGF therapies and on the time points at which response to treatment should be determined. Primary response is best determined at 1 month following the last initiation dose, while maintained treatment (secondary) response is determined any time after the 4th visit. In a particular eye, secondary responses do not mirror and cannot be predicted from that in the primary phase. Morphological and functional responses to anti-VEGF treatments, do not necessarily correlate, and may be dissociated in an individual eye. Furthermore, there is a ceiling effect that can negate the currently used functional metrics such as >5 letters improvement when the baseline VA is good (ETDRS>70 letters). It is therefore important to use a combination of both the parameters in determining the response.The following are proposed definitions: optimal (good) response is defined as when there is resolution of fluid (intraretinal fluid; IRF, subretinal fluid; SRF and retinal thickening), and/or improvement of >5 letters, subject to the ceiling effect of good starting VA. Poor response is defined as <25% reduction from the baseline in the central retinal thickness (CRT), with persistent or new IRF, SRF or minimal or change in VA (that is, change in VA of 0+4 letters). Non-response is defined as an increase in fluid (IRF, SRF and CRT), or increasing haemorrhage compared with the baseline and/or loss of >5 letters compared with the baseline or best corrected vision subsequently. Poor or non-response to anti-VEGF may be due to clinical factors including suboptimal dosing than that required by a particular patient, increased dosing intervals, treatment initiation when disease is already at an advanced or chronic stage), cellular mechanisms, lesion type, genetic variation and potential tachyphylaxis); non-clinical factors including poor access to clinics or delayed appointments may also result in poor treatment outcomes. In eyes classified as good responders, treatment should be continued with the same agent when disease activity is present or reactivation occurs following temporary dose holding. In eyes that show partial response, treatment may be continued, although re-evaluation with further imaging may be required to exclude confounding factors. Where there is persistent, unchanging accumulated fluid following three consecutive injections at monthly intervals, treatment may be withheld temporarily, but recommenced with the same or alternative anti-VEGF if the fluid subsequently increases (lesion considered active). Poor or non-response to anti-VEGF treatments requires re-evaluation of diagnosis and if necessary switch to alternative therapies including other anti-VEGF agents and/or with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Idiopathic polypoidal choroidopathy may require treatment with PDT monotherapy or combination with anti-VEGF. A committee comprised of retinal specialists with experience of managing patients with n-AMD similar to that which developed the Royal College of Ophthalmologists Guidelines to Ranibizumab was assembled. Individual aspects of the guidelines were proposed by the committee lead (WMA) based on relevant reference to published evidence base following a search of Medline and circulated to all committee members for discussion before approval or modification. Each draft was modified according to feedback from committee members until unanimous approval was obtained in the final draft. A system for categorising the range of responsiveness of n-AMD lesions to anti-VEGF therapy is proposed. The proposal is based primarily on morphological criteria but functional criteria have been included. Recommendations have been made on when to consider discontinuation of therapy either because of success or futility. These guidelines should help clinical decision-making and may prevent over and/or undertreatment with anti-VEGF therapy.

Crueldad, simulacion, absurdo y amenaza: Barbarie del drama moderno y tradicion hermetica en los esperpentos de Ramon del Valle-Inclan

The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the esperpentos by the Spanish playwright Ramón del Valle-Inclán (1866–1936), represent a culminating moment of theatrical precepts of modern European drama, while perpetuating the ancient esoteric traditions of the Iberian Peninsula. Focusing on four plays—Los cuernos de Don Friolera (1920), Luces de Bohemia (1921), Las galas del difunto (1926) y La hija del Capitán (1927)—the research elucidates how this interpretation furthers understanding of the process that embraces the anti-realistic clamours during the initial decades of the XX century, up to the subsequent climax of the aesthetics of Cruelty, Absurdity, Simulation, and Menace. ^ In search for an ideal scenic language capable of reflecting the grotesque character and mystical essence of the esperpentos, this project examines the most significant works of philosophers from the hermetic tradition such as Plato, Pithagoras, Aquinas, and Flamel. Other important authors are Éliphas Lévy and H. P. Blavatsky, two personalities of great preponderance in the spiritual effervescence and occultist apotheosis at the turn of the 20th century. Finally, the mystical ideas of Spanish philosopher Roso de Luna and the psychological works on alchemy and magic by Jung find their conceptual correspondence in Valle-Inclán's aesthetic manifesto, La lámpara maravillosa. ^ The ultimate objective of this dissertation is to provide a proposal for a mise en scène of the esperpentos, aesthetically based on the simultaneous scenarios of the New Stagecraft and conceptually inspired by the mystical principles of the hermetic tradition. The comparative approach of this study establishes a dialogue between modernity and the esoteric tradition that results in a new Koncept for their representation, providing a simultaneous scenario, far from realistic theatre, and more coherent to house the magical substance of the esperpentos. ^

La ciudad, el poeta y su familia melancolica (Poesia Chilena de los ultimos 50 anos)

This dissertation explored the relationship among poets, cities, and the construction of nation-ness. It was an interpretive reading of Chilean poetry and Chilean-ness as a way of inventing the nation from its very origins, starting with the colonial epic poem La Araucana and the founding of Santiago, its capital city. In this dissertation, poetry not only dealt with cities or "city poets" but also with the very conception, drafting, and systematic invention of cities as a "dream of order". The construct of a "community" of Chileans has maintained family ties with "Melancholy" in the collective imagination. This structure of melancholy reinforced the idea of "an order and a community" passed along by poets through generations. This dissertation also explored the moment when this melancholic family was fractured, divided, and Santiago was darkened by the events of September 11, 1973 and the rise of dictatorship, brutality, and censorship. ^ The methodology employed to examine different aspects of the construction of the city-nation included theoretical approaches such as Benedict Anderson's idea of nations as "imagined communities," Ángel Rama's analysis of Latin American urban rationality in his book The Lettered City , and the idea of the poet as an urban seer or visionary, the "flâneur" studied by Walter Benjamin in Charles Baudelaire's poetry. A central finding was that this "imagined community" have been severely transformed since 1950. In Chilean poetry, two works served as major referents: Pablo Neruda's Canto General, a totalizing idea of collective identity carved from the stones of the ruins of Machu Picchu, and Nicanor Parra's Poemas y Antipoemas (1954), which begun to illustrate the slow "decomposition" of the "The Lettered City." Among such conflicting images of (post-)modernity, poet Enrique Lihn became the central counter-figure who put an end to a long tradition of producing canonical nation-building cultural artifacts. His book El paseo Ahumada (1983) impacted the new generations of Chilean poets. The conclusion brought together the five-century history and diverse poetic experiences of the traditional Lettered City with the latest currents of marginalized urban poetry (1987-2003), the so-called "barbarians," flâneurs who were (re)inventing Chilean-ness in the globalized, and anti-Utopian city of "Sanhattan." ^

La tentacion del abismo en armonia Somers: Entre el expresionismo de vanguardia y el gotico postmoderno

Armonía Somers (Uruguay 1917 - 1994) ha sido clasificada dentro de la llamada Generación del 45 de Uruguay, sin embargo, muchos críticos aseguran que su obra difiere de la estética del período en que escribió. Mientras Ángel Rama sugiere que la narrativa de Somers pertenece a la tradición de los raros y malditos, que desciende del extraño linaje del Conde franco-uruguayo y poeta Lautréamont, otros la colocan en el ámbito de la narrativa imaginativa y de lo fantástico. La crítica contemporánea se aproxima a la obra de Somers a partir del concepto de lo extraño o "Unheimlich", abordando las novelas de la autora desde una perspectiva freudiana, lacaniana o heideggeriana. No obstante, ninguna de estas investigaciones ha determinado a qué género u orientación literaria se aviene, ni han indagado en profundidad sobre su contribución a los estudios metaficcionales. ^ En esta tesis propongo que las novelas de Armonía Somers, "La mujer desnuda" (1950), "De miedo en miedo. Los manuscritos del río" (1965), "Un retrato para Dickens" (1969), "Viaje al corazón del día. Elegía por un amor secreto" (1986), y "Solo los elefantes encuentran mandrágora" (1986), transgreden los géneros y tendencias literarias dominantes en su época por medio de una imaginación excesiva y de una trama anti-dramática, asociada primordialmente con la experiencia del terror sublime y la representación de lo inexpresable o irrepresentable, ambas nociones correspondientes a la poética expresionista de vanguardia y al gótico postmoderno. Las novelas analizadas en este trabajo presentan en su estructura una amplia gama de formas ambiguas e inorgánicas, cuya función desestabiliza los aspectos formales del realismo y subvierte los postulados epistemológicos e ideológicos en que se apoyan las culturas afirmativas, las cuales legitiman solo cierto concepto de realidad, desentendiéndose del resto de las experiencia humanas que no encajan en sus esquemas. La desacralización, la disolución moral, la muerte simbólica y la naturaleza fluida de la identidad junto con una marcada autorreflexividad, son algunos de los temas más relevantes de este conjunto de obras, que he categorizado como un ejemplo del expresionismo gótico postmoderno del siglo XX.^

La tentación del abismo en Armonía Somers: entre el expresionismo de vanguardia y el gótico postmoderno

Armonía Somers (Uruguay 1917 – 1994) ha sido clasificada dentro de la llamada Generación del 45 de Uruguay, sin embargo, muchos críticos aseguran que su obra difiere de la estética del período en que escribió. Mientras Ángel Rama sugiere que la narrativa de Somers pertenece a la tradición de los raros y malditos, que desciende del extraño linaje del Conde franco-uruguayo y poeta Lautréamont, otros la colocan en el ámbito de la narrativa imaginativa y de lo fantástico. La crítica contemporánea se aproxima a la obra de Somers a partir del concepto de lo extraño o “Unheimlich”, abordando las novelas de la autora desde una perspectiva freudiana, lacaniana o heideggeriana. No obstante, ninguna de estas investigaciones ha determinado a qué género u orientación literaria se aviene, ni han indagado en profundidad sobre su contribución a los estudios metaficcionales. En esta tesis propongo que las novelas de Armonía Somers, “La mujer desnuda” (1950), “De miedo en miedo. Los manuscritos del río” (1965), “Un retrato para Dickens” (1969), “Viaje al corazón del día. Elegía por un amor secreto” (1986), y “Solo los elefantes encuentran mandrágora” (1986), transgreden los géneros y tendencias literarias dominantes en su época por medio de una imaginación excesiva y de una trama anti-dramática, asociada primordialmente con la experiencia del terror sublime y la representación de lo inexpresable o irrepresentable, ambas nociones correspondientes a la poética expresionista de vanguardia y al gótico postmoderno. Las novelas analizadas en este trabajo presentan en su estructura una amplia gama de formas ambiguas e inorgánicas, cuya función desestabiliza los aspectos formales del realismo y subvierte los postulados epistemológicos e ideológicos en que se apoyan las culturas afirmativas, las cuales legitiman solo cierto concepto de realidad, desentendiéndose del resto de las experiencia humanas que no encajan en sus esquemas. La desacralización, la disolución moral, la muerte simbólica y la naturaleza fluida de la identidad junto con una marcada autorreflexividad, son algunos de los temas más relevantes de este conjunto de obras, que he categorizado como un ejemplo del expresionismo gótico postmoderno del siglo XX.

Quitooligosacáridos bifuncionales: relación entre características químico-físicas y propiedades biológicas

As the degraded products of chitosan, chitooligosaccharides (COS) have recently been produced by several methods, such as enzymatic an acidic hydrolysis. Chitosans are a family of biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymers obtained by N-deacetylation of chitin, the most abundant natural polymer after cellulose, consisting of two monomeric units, N-acetyl-2- amino-2-deoxi-D-glucose (A units) and 2-amino-2-deoxi-D-glucose (D units) linked by β (1→4) links. The degraded products COS, have a smaller molecular weight and therefore have better solubility and lower viscosity under physiological conditions because of shorter chain lengths and free amino groups in D-glucosamine units. The study of COS has been increasing not only because they come from a natural source, but also because of their biological compatibility and effectiveness. There are numerous reports on the biological activities of COS and their potential applications in food industry, pharmacy, agricultural or biomedicine. Nevertheless, in these studies it is difficult to find well defined COS in terms of physicochemical parametres, because these samples are usually poorly characterized. This makes it difficult to compare the results and to understand their mecanism of action. Degradation of the O-glycosidic linkages of chitosan by different methods, results in COS with different numbers and sequences of A and D units as well as different degrees of polymerisation (DP). Over the past few years, several technological approaches have been taken in preparing COS, including acid hydrolysis or enzymatic methods, among others. Therefore, in order to obtain COS with different physicochemical properties, different preparation methods of COS have been developed in this work. Then, the study of the relationship between physicochemical properties of these COS and their biological activities such as natural antioxidants, antibacterial agents, mucoadhesive and anti-inflammatory effects have been studied...