Ocorrência e correção de deficiência de ferro em (Arachis pintoi) em latossolo amarelo.

Em uma pequena quadra de seringueiras jovens, plantadas em 1993, na Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, o solo apresentava sinais de erosao laminar, apesar da pequena pendente. Como tentativa para contornar esse problema, foi escolhido Arachis pintoi como planta de cobertura, por nao ser escandente e apresentar razoavel tolerancia a sombreamento. Porem, essa tentativa na quadra de seringueiras jovens nao teve o exito esperado, devido a ausencia de modulacao, inclusive nas margens fora dessa quadra, onde o A. pintoi nao apresentou carencia de ferro. Com a necessidade de aplicacao de nitrogenio, para evitar perda por volatilizacao, foi necessario fazer coroamento das plantas, o que tornou essa operacao extremamente dificil por causa do tapete de ramos superpostos e enraizados.

Sistemas agroflorestais de seringueira com cafeeiro.

Esta publicacao tem por objetivo reunir as informacoes disponiveis na literatura sobre os sistemas agroflorestais de seringueira com cafeeiro, de modo a auxiliar os agricultores e extensionistas nas tomadas de decisoes e servir como referencial para pesquisas futuras nessa area. Sao discutidos os aspectos economicos e tecnicos das culturas, tais como: exigencias de clima e solo, compatibilidade vegetativa e fitossanitaria, materiais geneticos, tipos de sistemas, indice de equivalencia de area e praticas de manejo, visando a viabilidade tecnica e economica das culturas e dos sistemas como um todo.

Escolha da área para plantio de seringueira no Cerrado.

2001

Perspectivas da cultura da seringueira no Cerrado.

2001

Abertura de painel de sangria de seringueira com raspador de casca.

2001

Desempenho de clones de seringueira sob diferentes sistemas de sangria.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a producao da borracha de clones seringueira [Havea brasiliensis ( Wild. Ex Adr. De Juss.) Muell. Arg.] sob diferentes sistemas de sangria, em condição de Cerrado dos Municipios de Barro Alto Goianesia no Estado de Goais. O plantio foi feito em fevereiro de 1992, no espacamento de 8,0 x 2,5 m (500 plantas/ha), em talhoes de 8 a 10 hectares para cada um dos clones RRIM 600, GT 1, PB 217, PB 235, PR 107 e PR 255 os quais receberam as mesmas praticas de manejo. Aos oito anos de idade, foram feitas as seguintes avaliacoes: estande final; circunferencia do caule a 1,20 m do solo; porcentagens de plantas aptas a sangria; producao de borracha acumulada na caneca pesada mensalmente; incidencia de seca de painel. A producao foi avaliada em nove sistemas de sangria em meia espiral (1/2 S), praticados cinco dias por semana (5d/7) e 10 meses ao ano (10m/12), variando na frequência de sangria (d/4 e d/7 = a cada 4 e 7 dias), a concentracao de Ethephon (ET 0,25%, 2,5%,3,3% e 5,0%) e sua frequencia de aplicacao durante o periodo chuvoso ( a cada 22, 28 e 35 dias), como segue: 1) 1/2S, d/7, ET 2,5% a cada 22 dias; 2)1/2S, d/7, ET 2,5% a cada 30 dias (referncia); 3) 1/2S. d/4, ET 2,5% a cada 30 dias; 4) 1/2S, d/7, ET 3,3% a cada 22 dias; 5)1/2S, d/7, ET 3,3% a cada 30 dias; 6) 1/2S. d/7, ET 5,0% a cada 22 dias 7) 1/2S, d/7, ET 5,0% a cada 30 dias; 8) 1/2S, d/7, ET 5,0% a cada 35 dias; 9) 1/2S, d/7, ET 0,25% (pulverizando 10 ml por painel) a cada 22 dias. Nos sistemas 1 a 8, o Ethephon foi pincelado ( 1mL) na canaleta de corte e ate 2 cm acima dela (Pa e La). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes de 10 plantas poe parcela. Cada clone constitui um experimento separado, sendo os resultados de producao acumulada anual submetidos a analise de variancia e, nos caso de significancia, as medias dos sistemas foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Nao foi constatada qualquer incidencia de seca de painel e os resultados possibilitaram as seguintes conclusoes para as condicoes da regiao: 1) o sistema 1/2S, d/7, ET 2,5% a cada 30 dias e o mais indicado par a sangria dos clones PR 255, PR 107, PB 235, PB 217 e GT 1; 2) o sistema 1/2S, d/7, ET 3,3% a cada 30 dias e o mais indicado para a sangria do clone RRIM 600; 3) a producao individual de borracha em kg/planta/ano e maior nos clones RRIM 600, PB 217 e PR 255, enquanto a producao total em kg/ha/ano e superior nos clones RRIM 600 e PB 235; 4)os clones PB 217 e PR 255 sao menos adaptados a regiao, apresentando menores valores de estande final, circunferencia do caule, porcentagem de plantas em sangria e de producao total de borracha por hectare.

Ocorrência e controle da vaquinha em seringais em formação.

O controle da vaquinha é difícil por ser um inseto que se alimenta de muitas plantas e apresenta grande mobilidade. No entanto, a aplicação de produtos a base de Tricloform ou Carbaril, principalmente nos foliolos jovens, diminui os prejuízos causados pelo ataque da praga.

Obtenção de postura de Erinnyis ello (L. 1758) em cativeiro, em condições de campo.

Foram realizados ensaios no CNPSD visando-se obter postura de Erinnyis ello em cativeiro. O resultado obtido atestou a viabilidade da técnica de obtenção de postura da E. ello.

Aferição de competências em Endodontia percepcionadas pelos finalistas em Medicina Dentária e pelos Médicos Dentistas licenciados na Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa

Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Medicina Dentária

Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of the reactions of α-diazosulfoxides

The research described in this thesis focuses, principally, on synthesis of stable α-diazosulfoxides and investigation of their reactivity under various reaction conditions (transition-metal catalysed, photochemical, thermal and microwave) with a particular emphasis on the reactive intermediates and mechanistic aspects of the reaction pathways involved. In agreement with previous studies carried out on these compounds, the key reaction pathway of α-diazosulfoxides was found to be hetero-Wolff rearrangement to give α-oxosulfine intermediates. However, a competing reaction pathway involving oxygen migration from sulfur to oxygen was also observed. Critically, isomerisation of α-oxosulfine stereoisomers was observed directly by 1H NMR spectroscopy in this work and this observation accounts for the stereochemical outcomes of the various cycloaddition reactions, whether carried out with in situ trapping or with preformed solutions of sulfines. Furthermore, matrix isolation experiments have shown that electrocyclisation of α-oxosulfines to oxathiiranes takes place and this verifies the proposed mechanisms for enol and disulfide formation. The introductory chapter includes a brief literature review of the synthesis and reactivity of α-diazosulfoxides prior to the commencement of research in this field by the Maguire group. The Wolff rearrangement is also discussed and the characteristic reactions of a number of reactive intermediates (sulfines, sulfenes and oxathiiranes) are outlined. The use of microwave-assisted organic synthesis is also examined, specifically, in the context of α-diazocarbonyl compounds as substrates. The second chapter describes the synthesis of stable monocyclic and bicyclic lactone derivatives of α-diazosulfoxides from sulfide precursors according to established experimental procedures. Approaches to precursors of ketone and sulfimide derivatives of α-diazosulfoxides are also described. The third chapter examines the reactivity of α-diazosulfoxides under thermal, microwave, rhodium(II)-catalysed and photochemical conditions. Comparison of the results obtained under thermal and microwave conditions indicates that there was no evidence for any effect, other than thermal, induced by microwave irradiation. The results of catalyst studies involving several rhodium(II) carboxylate and rhodium(II) carboxamidate catalysts are outlined. Under photochemical conditions, sulfur extrusion is a significant reaction pathway while under thermal or transition metal catalysed conditions, oxygen extrusion is observed. One of the most important observations in this work was the direct spectroscopic observation (by 1H NMR) of interconversion of the E and Z-oxosulfines. Trapping of the α-oxosulfine intermediates as cycloadducts by reaction with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene proved useful both synthetically and mechanistically. As the stereochemistry of the α-oxosulfine is retained in the cycloadducts, this provided an ideal method for characterisation of this key feature. In the case of one α-oxosulfine, a novel [2+2] cycloaddition was observed. Preliminary experiments to investigate the reactivity of an α-diazosulfone under rhodium(II) catalysis and microwave irradiation are also described. The fourth chapter describes matrix isolation experiments which were carried out in Rühr Universität, Bochum in collaboration with Prof. Wolfram Sander. These experiments provide direct spectroscopic evidence of an α-oxosulfine intermediate formed by hetero-Wolff rearrangement of an α-diazosulfoxide and subsequent cyclisation of the sulfine to an oxathiirane was also observed. Furthermore, it was possible to identify which stereoisomer of the α-oxosulfine was present in the matrix. A preliminary laser flash photolysis experiment is also discussed. The experimental details, including all spectral and analytical data, are reported at the end of each chapter. The structural interpretation of 1H NMR spectra of the cycloadducts, described in Chapter 3, is discussed in Appendix I.

A mathematical description of the acoustic coupling of the mass/spring model

This paper describes hybrid mathematical model which couples the mechanics of the mass/spring model to the acoustic wave propagation model for use in generating the acoustic signal emitted by complex structures of paper fibres under strain. A discussion of the coupling method is presented including remarks on the errors encountered intrinsic to the discretisation scheme. The numerical results of a vibrating rubber band and a vibrating paper fibre are compared to their experimental counterparts. The fundamental frequencies of the acoustic signals are compared showing a close agreement between the experimental and numerical results

Evaluating the process of borosilicate glass capillaries used for fabrication of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) micro-pipettes

In this paper we investigate a number of gas flames for fire polishing borosilicate glass capillaries used in the manufacturing of IVF micro-pipettes. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) was also used as an alternative to finish the pipette end. Glass micro tools in the IVF industry are drawn from hollow glass capillaries of diameter 1 mm. These capillaries are cut manually to a length of 100 mm from hollow glass rods resulting in sharp and chipped edges. These capillaries are held in a customised holder having padding of soft silicone or rubber. Sharp and uneven edges of these capillaries pick up particles of rubber or soft silicone shavings, rendering them ineffective for IVF treatments. The working range of borosilicate glass is 800-1,200 degrees C. The experiments involved analysis of fire polishing process for borosilicate glass capillaries using candle, butane, propane, 2350 butane propane, oxyacetylene gas flames, finding the optimum distance of the capillary relative to the flame, optimum time for which the capillary should be held in the flame and optimum region of the flame which gives the required temperature range. The results show that 2350 butane propane gas mix is optimum for fire polishing of borosilicate glass capillaries. The paper is concluded by comparing the results of fire polishing with the results of acid polishing, in which HF of 1.6% concentration is used to etch the ends of the borosilicate glass pipettes.