Tight frames of k-plane ridgelets and the problem of representing objects that are smooth away from d-dimensional singularities in Rn

For each pair (n, k) with 1 ≤ k < n, we construct a tight frame (ρλ : λ ∈ Λ) for L2 (Rn), which we call a frame of k-plane ridgelets. The intent is to efficiently represent functions that are smooth away from singularities along k-planes in Rn. We also develop tools to help decide whether k-plane ridgelets provide the desired efficient representation. We first construct a wavelet-like tight frame on the X-ray bundle χn,k—the fiber bundle having the Grassman manifold Gn,k of k-planes in Rn for base space, and for fibers the orthocomplements of those planes. This wavelet-like tight frame is the pushout to χn,k, via the smooth local coordinates of Gn,k, of an orthonormal basis of tensor Meyer wavelets on Euclidean space Rk(n−k) × Rn−k. We then use the X-ray isometry [Solmon, D. C. (1976) J. Math. Anal. Appl. 56, 61–83] to map this tight frame isometrically to a tight frame for L2(Rn)—the k-plane ridgelets. This construction makes analysis of a function f ∈ L2(Rn) by k-plane ridgelets identical to the analysis of the k-plane X-ray transform of f by an appropriate wavelet-like system for χn,k. As wavelets are typically effective at representing point singularities, it may be expected that these new systems will be effective at representing objects whose k-plane X-ray transform has a point singularity. Objects with discontinuities across hyperplanes are of this form, for k = n − 1.

Role of cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in auditory sensory memory and mismatch negativity generation: implications for schizophrenia.

Working memory refers to the ability of the brain to store and manipulate information over brief time periods, ranging from seconds to minutes. As opposed to long-term memory, which is critically dependent upon hippocampal processing, critical substrates for working memory are distributed in a modality-specific fashion throughout cortex. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a crucial role in the initiation of long-term memory. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying the transient memory storage required for working memory, however, remain obscure. Auditory sensory memory, which refers to the ability of the brain to retain transient representations of the physical features (e.g., pitch) of simple auditory stimuli for periods of up to approximately 30 sec, represents one of the simplest components of the brain working memory system. Functioning of the auditory sensory memory system is indexed by the generation of a well-defined event-related potential, termed mismatch negativity (MMN). MMN can thus be used as an objective index of auditory sensory memory functioning and a probe for investigating underlying neurochemical mechanisms. Monkeys generate cortical activity in response to deviant stimuli that closely resembles human MMN. This study uses a combination of intracortical recording and pharmacological micromanipulations in awake monkeys to demonstrate that both competitive and noncompetitive NMDA antagonists block the generation of MMN without affecting prior obligatory activity in primary auditory cortex. These findings suggest that, on a neurophysiological level, MMN represents selective current flow through open, unblocked NMDA channels. Furthermore, they suggest a crucial role of cortical NMDA receptors in the assessment of stimulus familiarity/unfamiliarity, which is a key process underlying working memory performance.

Invariant chain made in Escherichia coli has an exposed N-terminal segment that blocks antigen binding to HLA-DR1 and a trimeric C-terminal segment that binds empty HLA-DR1.

Invariant chain (Ii), a membrane glycoprotein, binds class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins, probably via its class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) segment, and escorts them toward antigen-containing endosomal compartments. We find that a soluble, trimeric ectodomain of Ii expressed and purified from Escherichia coli blocks peptide binding to soluble HLA-DR1. Proteolysis indicates that Ii contains two structural domains. The C-terminal two-thirds forms an alpha-helical domain that trimerizes and interacts with empty HLA-DR1 molecules, augmenting rather than blocking peptide binding. The N-terminal one-third, which inhibits peptide binding, is proteolytically susceptible over its entire length. In the trimer, the N-terminal domains act independently with each CLIP segment exposed and free to bind an MHC class II molecule, while the C-terminal domains act as a trimeric unit.

El proceso de urbanización de la Meseta Norte en la protohistoria y la Antigüedad: la ciudad celtibérica y romana de Termes, (s. VI a.C. - 193 p.C.)

Tiermes (Montejo de Tiermes, Soria, Castilla y León, España) constituye un yacimiento arqueológico con amplio bagaje de investigación, donde las sucesivas exploraciones y análisis realizados en el sitio y su comarca desde principios del s. XX ofrecen un registro material que conforma un grueso de información de gran calidad y volumen, susceptible de permitir un análisis con cierta profundidad de esta comunidad del valle del Duero durante la Protohistoria y la Antigüedad, considerando la continuidad de ocupación del sitio de Tiermes entre el s. VI a.C. y la etapa bajoimperial romana. Desde esta base documental realizamos un análisis paleoetnológico, arqueológico e histórico autónomo, fundamentado en el registro local para elaborar un modelo explicativo concreto sobre el origen y desarrollo de la ciudad y el Estado en la Protohistoria en la Meseta Norte desde el caso de Termes, y analizar el posterior proceso de integración de esta comunidad como unidad territorial y cívica dentro de una superestructura imperial. Se analizan primero las premisas preurbanas, para a continuación tratar de reconstruir las características estructurales y evolución de la organización protourbana y urbana, hasta el s. II d.C. Abordamos el análisis de los sucesivos modelos de organización sociopolítica, sus pautas de continuidad y ruptura, la interconexión entre éstas, y los parámetros de definición de esa estructura urbana dinámica y cambiante. Pretendemos aportar una nueva contribución al debate disciplinar para el análisis de una unidad de la Celtiberia protohistórica y romana, desde marcos de análisis histórico, arqueológico, filológico y antropológico. La propuesta de análisis se fundamenta también en nuestra directa actividad de investigación en el sitio de Tiermes, donde hemos acometido la exploración del lugar, convenientemente definida por competencias administrativas, tareas concentradas en actividad de campo entre los años 2002 y 2006. Trabajos a los que hemos sumado la revisión de la documentación epigráfica, numismática, arqueológica y documental. En el "Capítulo 1. La ciudad-estado celtibérica de Termes" procedemos al análisis de la génesis y desarrollo de la comunidad protohistórica. Partimos de la realidad cultural de los ss. VII-VI a.C., cuando se registra la primera ocupación con vocación de continuidad en Tiermes, pues es necesario indagar la estructura y organización de la etapa preurbana, en el Celtibérico Antiguo, ya que de sus transformaciones, fracturas y evolución, en una etapa protourbana, se consuma la génesis de la ciudad y el Estado en esta región, a lo largo del Celtibérico Pleno, entre los ss. V-IV a.C. Fundamental es el análisis de los cambios, dada la importancia que los conceptos de “evolucionismo”, “continuismo” y “complejización”, junto a evidencias rupturistas, absorben en la etapa postmoderna la indagación sobre el origen del Estado y la ciudad...

A.I.D. research and development abstracts.

Description based on: Vol. 6, no. 4 (Apr. 1979); title from cover.

USAID reports : A.I.D. support for land reform.

"SR/LR/B-1".

Agricultural policy analysis and planning : a summary of two recent analyses of A.I.D.-supported projects worldwide /

"August 1988."

Rapport adressé au gouvernement d'Haïti /

Half title page : Rapport sur la Conférence Internationale Américaine de Washington.

United States A.I.D. mission to Guatemala, Agency for International Development : telephone directory.

"Personel list and telephone directory"--Leaf [1].

Bibliography of storm and combined sewer pollution control R&D program documents /

Mode of access: Internet.

Questioned highway safety program costs in Mississippi. Report to the Honorable John C. Stennis, United States Senate.

Mode of access: Internet.

Child restraint systems evaluation using baboons and child-sized dummies. Volume 2 - appendices D and E. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Technology transfers: benefits of Cooperative R&D Aggreements.

Mode of access: Internet.

Data base development of automobile and light truck maintenance. Volume I - text and appendixes A-D. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

National laboratories: are their R&D activities related to commercial product development?.

Mode of access: Internet.