How to map the diversity of the audiovisual industry in the digital era. A Methodological Proposition

This article presents a methodological proposition to map the diversity of the audiovisual industry in the digital scenario by portraying the most important interactions between those who create, produce, distribute and disseminate audiovisual productions on line, paying special attention to powerful intermediaries and to small and medium independent agents. Taking as a point of departure a flexible understanding of social network analysis, the aim is to understand the structure of the audiovisual industry on the internet so that, taking into consideration a given sector, agents, their relations and the networks they give place to – as well as the structural conditions under which they operate – are studied. The aim is to answer questions such as: what is mapping, what is of interesting to map, how can it be done and what advantages and disadvantages the results will present.

La voz del otro: rompiendo con la tradición del museo

Existe una actitud predominante en el mundo de los museos según la cual las diversas culturas se presentan y se respetan de manera adecuada, dándose un diálogo efectivo entre los museos y las comunidades culturales a las que sirven. Sin embargo, el presente trabajo disiente de dicha creencia, expone sus motivos, y sugiere una trayectoria por la que los museos pueden acercarse con éxito a tales objetivos. Lo que está en juego aquí es el ethos contemporáneo e histórico de los museos y su concepto de la identidad propia, lo que interfiere con su capacidad para incluir a “los otros”, excepto en sus propios términos. El propósito del museo en este sentido es mantener su voz preeminente y su prerrogativa intelectual en sus comunicaciones con el público al que sirve. La idea de que hay múltiples voces que necesitan ser escuchadas no es un concepto fácil de contemplar para los museos, y un paso positivo en aquella dirección representaría un cambio importante con consecuencias de largo alcance.

Sentimental Identity, History and Politics in Daniel Cortezón’s "A vila sulagada"

The novels of Daniel Cortezón, which have not attracted as much critical attention as his theatrical productions, are of contemporary interest as they develop his ideas on identity, history and politics. The purpose of this article is to show, through an analysis of the complex arrangement of the above three concepts, how A vila Sulagada is a metaphor for the historical failure of Galicia.

Las edades de Hitler. De Satán a un ser de carne y hueso, y su representación en clave paródica

Adolf Hitler suscitó desde su entrada en la escena política alemana una fascinación perversa, un sentimiento que, con el tiempo, ha dado lugar a numerosas representaciones culturales sobre el Führer. La muestra, rica y variada tanto en el fondo como en la forma, nos permitirá trazar tres estadios en lo referente al proceso de construcción historiográfica del hitlerismo, iniciado con la caída del Tercer Reich. Estos responden en buena medida al devenir sociopolítico y cultural de la sociedad a escala global desde el final de la guerra y hasta nuestros días y pueden resumirse en tres: primero, la satanización; segundo, la humanización; tercero, el retrato caricaturesco. Proponemos un recorrido histórico por diversos productos culturales del dictador alemán cuyo propósito es desentrañar el retrato psicológico poliédrico que se ha construido en torno a la figura de Hitler.

The intertextual pilgrimage to Compostela in the Spanish nineteenth-century travel narratives written in French

Pilgrimage to Compostela was decreasing in the nineteenth century. This situation was still worse in France, where the number of pilgrims dwindled dramatically. In fact, there are not many travel narratives in this period, as no relevant French author showed any interest in this religious event. An analysis of these works reveals that the worship to Santiago was somehow considered by these authors a mere historical remnant with an aura of prestige. They allow almost no space for factual descriptions, and therefore used documentary sources to discuss the topic in their own texts. As a consequence, their knowledge of this universe became indirect and intertextual.

Latina Super-heroines: Hot Tamales in Tights vs. Women Warriors, Wrestlers and Guerrilla Fighters of La Raza

The year 1977 saw the making of the first Latino superhero by a Latino artist. From the 1980s onwards it is also possible to find Latina super-heroines, whose number and complexity has kept increasing ever since. Yet, the representations of spandexed Latinas are still few. For that reason, the goal of this paper is, firstly, to gather a great number of Latina super-heroines and, secondly, to analyze the role that they have played in the history of American literature and art. More specifically, it aims at comparing the spandexed Latinas created by non-Latino/a artists and mainstream comic enterprises with the Latina super-heroines devised by Latino/a artists. The conclusion is that whereas the former tend to conceive heroines within the constraints of the logic of Girl Power, the latter choose to imbue their works with a more daring political content and to align their heroines with the ideologies of Feminism and Postcolonialism.

Sherman Alexie’s "The Toughest Indian in the World": Amalgamating the Oral and the Written Traditions

This article argues that The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) by Native-American author Sherman Alexie combines elements of his tribal (oral) tradition with others coming from the Western (literary) short-story form. Like other Native writers — such as Momaday, Silko or Vizenor — , Alexie is seen to bring into his short fiction characteristics of his people’s oral storytelling that make it much more dialogical and participatory. Among the author’s narrative techniques reminiscent of the oral tradition, aggregative repetitions of patterned thoughts and strategically-placed indeterminacies play a major role in encouraging his readers to engage in intellectual and emotional exchanges with the stories. Assisted by the ideas of theorists such as Ong (1988), Evers and Toelken (2001), and Teuton (2008), this article shows how Alexie’s short fiction is enriched and revitalized by the incorporation of oral elements. The essay also claims that new methods of analysis and assessment may be needed for this type of bicultural artistic forms. Despite the differences between the two modes of communication, Alexie succeeds in blending features and techniques from both traditions, thus creating a new hybrid short-story form that suitably conveys the trying experiences faced by his characters.

Classifying Written Texts Through Rhythmic Features

Rhythm analysis of written texts focuses on literary analysis and it mainly considers poetry. In this paper we investigate the relevance of rhythmic features for categorizing texts in prosaic form pertaining to different genres. Our contribution is threefold. First, we define a set of rhythmic features for written texts. Second, we extract these features from three corpora, of speeches, essays, and newspaper articles. Third, we perform feature selection by means of statistical analyses, and determine a subset of features which efficiently discriminates between the three genres. We find that using as little as eight rhythmic features, documents can be adequately assigned to a given genre with an accuracy of around 80 %, significantly higher than the 33 % baseline which results from random assignment.

Étude des relations entre les styles cognitifs et les productions d’artistes professionnels et d’étudiants universitaires en arts visuels

Les recherches démontrent que les arts plastiques à l’école apportent des bénéfices culturels et psychocognitifs majeurs aux enfants (National Endowment for the Arts, 2012; Hoffmann Davis, 2005, 2008; Karkou et Glasman, 2004; Sylwester, 1998; Goetz Zwirn et Graham, 2005; Greene, 1995). Mais en général, plus les garçons avancent en âge au primaire, plus ils éprouvent de difficultés et démontrent un intérêt moindre que celui des filles pour les arts plastiques à l’école. Au secondaire, l’écart ne fait que s’accentuer (Savoie, Grenon et St-Pierre, 2010, 2012; Octobre, 2004; Dumais, 2002; Blaikie, Schönau et Steers, 2003). Même s’ils ne peuvent garantir la réussite de leurs élèves, les enseignants ont une influence considérable sur des variables qui affectent les apprentissages telles que le choix de matériaux didactiques, des environnements éducationnels et la variable qui nous intéresse particulièrement : La prise en compte des comportements des élèves en lien avec leurs styles cognitifs. Pour mieux les aider, notre recherche veut saisir les liens potentiels qui pourraient exister entre les styles cognitifs des individus créateurs et leurs préférences sur le plan de l’expression graphique, plus spécifiquement au regard du langage plastique. En d’autres mots, nous souhaitons fournir des marqueurs utiles à la différenciation pédagogique adaptée aux styles cognitifs (Baron-Cohen, 2005) des filles et des garçons en classe d’art. Nous empruntons des concepts délimités et mesurables qui constituent notre cadre de référence et proviennent des domaines de la psychologie cognitive et de l’enseignement des arts visuels. Notre recherche se fait auprès d’artistes professionnels et d’étudiants adultes en arts visuels, tous genres confondus. Nous mesurons chez eux, dans un premier temps, leurs styles cognitifs à l’aide du test RMET de Baron-Cohen (Ibid.). En rapport avec ces styles, nous tentons ensuite de dégager des marqueurs dans la démarche et les productions artistiques des individus. En d’autres mots, notre étude vise essentiellement à procurer des indicateurs fiables, aux chercheurs et aux enseignants en arts, quant au lien potentiel entre les styles cognitifs et le langage plastique. Ces précieux indicateurs pourront ensuite leur servir, entre autres, à la construction de modèles pédagogiques, d’environnements éducationnels ou d’activités adaptées aux styles des élèves masculins comme féminins. Au plan méthodologique, notre recherche adopte une approche quantitative, pragmatique, quasi expérimentale et exploratoire (Lefrancois, 1997; Kothari, 2004; Grawitz, 1988; Larose, Bédard, Couturier, Grenon, Lavoie, Lebrun, Morin, Savard et Theis, 2011). Notre mode d’analyse se base sur la vérification de faits observables et sur une prise de décision scientifique se servant de techniques statistiques inférentielles (Saporta, 2011; Field, 2009). Notre approche s’appuie donc sur une variable dépendante liée au style cognitif des participants et sur une vingtaine de variables indépendantes liées au langage plastique. Nos résultats démontrent qu’au moins un indicateur de style cognitif ressort significativement dans le langage plastique, soit la variation chromatique. Suite à notre question : Dans les éléments de langage plastique des créateurs en arts visuels, peut-on observer des indicateurs de styles cognitifs? La réponse s’est avérée positive et fiable sur au moins une variable : la couleur. En effet, suite à nos analyses statistiques inférentielles, la variation chromatique est ressorti comme un indicateur très significatif de style cognitif et celui qui ressort le plus de nos résultats. Nous avons clairement mesuré que les individus qui décodent moins bien les émotions chez les autres démontrent une préférence pour des variations de couleurs plutôt monochromes, alors que les individus plutôt empathiques démontrent une préférence pour des univers surtout multichromes. Nous avons mesuré une forte habileté à reconnaitre et à discriminer les émotions, autant chez nos artistes professionnels que chez nos sujets étudiants universitaires. D’autres variables analysées, comme le genre, l’éducation ou l’âge ne se sont pas avérées des indicateurs fiables de styles cognitifs particuliers.

“Gostei deste livro, porque...” Desenvolvimento da competência literária no 3.º ano de escolaridade

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

The writing brain. Functional neuroanatomy of written language production

International audience

Written in bones: Anthropological study of skeletal remains from middle age population of Leopoli Cencelle, (Viterbo)"

[en] Anthropological study of the human remains of a medieval cemetery in Leopoli-Cencelle in which the sex attribution, the estimation of age at death and the estimation of stature are taken into account.

EXPLICIT WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND LANGUAGE APTITUDE IN SLA: IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LINGUISTIC ACCURACY

Most second language researchers agree that there is a role for corrective feedback in second language writing classes. However, many unanswered questions remain concerning which linguistic features to target and the type and amount of feedback to offer. This study examined two new pieces of writing by 151 learners of English as a Second Language (ESL), in order to investigate the effect of direct and metalinguistic written feedback on errors with the simple past tense, the present perfect tense, dropped pronouns, and pronominal duplication. This inquiry also considered the extent to which learner differences in language-analytic ability (LAA), as measured by the LLAMA F, mediated the effects of these two types of explicit written corrective feedback. Learners in the feedback groups were provided with corrective feedback on two essays, after which learners in all three groups completed two additional writing tasks to determine whether or not the provision of corrective feedback led to greater gains in accuracy compared to no feedback. Both treatment groups, direct and metalinguistic, performed better than the comparison group on new pieces of writing immediately following the treatment sessions, yet direct feedback was more durable than metalinguistic feedback for one structure, the simple past tense. Participants with greater LAA proved more likely to achieve gains in the direct feedback group than in the metalinguistic group, whereas learners with lower LAA benefited more from metalinguistic feedback. Overall, the findings of the present study confirm the results of prior studies that have found a positive role for written corrective feedback in instructed second language acquisition.

Les enjeux du territoire et du patrimoine de l'industrie au XXe siecle : Les systèmes de productions locaux (SPLs) au Brésil et le cas d'Ibitinga

O século XX é caraterizado por uma dinâmica bastante particular dos setores produtivos e notamente do setor secundário. Num mesmo século assiste-se a construção, desconstrução, reestruturação, deslocalização e revitalização dos territórios industriais. Entre os tecidos industriais ainda produtivos, uma tipologia específica ocupa lugar estratégico no cenário mundial de competição entre os territórios: os SPLs (Sistemas Produtivos Locais). Um tipo de organização industrial baseado na especialização produtiva de várias pequenas e médias empresas ao redor de um produto, ofício ou "savoir faire" tradicional; de forte ancoragem territorial e engajamento da população e instituições locais. Assim, revela-se uma identidade territorial, uma vantagem competitiva, que pode ser incrementada se explorarmos também a dimensão patrimonial e não apenas a económica. Analisando-se o caso de um SPL no Brasil tenta-se encontrar tal identidade e dimensão patrimonial e propôr possibilidades de salvaguarda e valorização deste património - material e imaterial - local.