Dependência Linear

Esta videoaula explica sobre a dependência linear, ou seja, um tipo de relação entre os vetores de um conjunto. Um conjunto de vetores é linearmente dependente se, e só se, um dos vetores do conjunto for combinação linear dos demais vetores do conjunto. Assim, quando escrevemos um vetor como combinação linear e seus coeficientes são todos nulos, ele é linearmente dependente. Quando não existe relação linear entre os vetores diz-se que o conjunto é linearmente independente

Informática para Engenharia Ambiental - Unidade 4: Planilhas eletrônicas

Parte 1: Introdução às planilhas eletrônicas Parte 2: O ambiente de trabalho do programa BrOffice.org Calc Parte 3: Primeiros passos Parte 4: Trabalhando com vetores e matrizes Parte 5: Construindo gráficos Parte 6: Resolvendo problemas Parte 07: “Travando” uma célula na planilha

Literatura e cinema: a escrita cinematográfica de O Delfim, de José Cardoso Pires

O trabalho que agora se apresenta centra-se no domínio das relações que se estabelecem entre o modo de narrar de O Delfim, de José Cardoso Pires, e a narração tipicamente cinematográfica. Com efeito, tentamos demonstrar como a forma particular com que naquela obra literária se produz o efeito de uma intermutabilidade dos conteúdos da consciência se obtém em grande parte dessa adopção de procedimentos da gramática e da textura fílmicas, nomeadamente das formas espaciais e temporais do filme e da montagem técnica. O código cinematográfico, ao colaborar, em O Delfim, na expressão de uma temporalidade diversa e inovadora mais conforme à organização do pensamento e da subjectividade, auxiliando-o na representação da modificação perceptiva tão peculiar à arte moderna, surge assim como uma fonte de renovação, permitindo ao texto literário em análise ultrapassar a natureza conceptual e monódica do seu material expressivo.

Estudo da concentração e do transporte de sedimentos em suspensão em cursos de água de montanha

O principal objectivo deste estudo foi o de verificar a aplicabilidade, às ribeiras da Ilha da Madeira, de técnicas indirectas de estimação do caudal e da concentração de sedimentos em suspensão e do seu emprego no cálculo do transporte sólido em suspensão nessas pequenas bacias de montanha. Particular ênfase é dada ao uso de traçadores químicos na determinação indirecta do caudal em cursos de água turbulentos com acentuados declives e à estimação da concentração de sedimentos em suspensão a partir de dados de turbidez da água, sendo tais técnicas aqui detalhadamente descritas. A campanha de medições da condutividade eléctrica e da turbidez da água realizada na Ribeira Seca do Faial, complementada pelos trabalhos realizados na Ribeira do Lajeado e na Ribeira de Santa Luzia, devido às suas grandes limitações em termos temporais e espaciais, não permitiu chegar a conclusões mais representativas sobre o transporte de sedimentos em suspensão na bacia hidrográfica em estudo. Ainda assim, os trabalhos de campo e em laboratório realizados possibilitaram confirmar a aplicabilidade das técnicas indirectas adoptadas na estimação de caudais e no estudo da concentração e do transporte de sedimentos em suspensão nesses cursos de água de montanha.

Deteção e caracterização molecular das estirpes de Wolbachia nos afídeos

A Wolbachiapertence a um grupo de bactérias intracelulares, transmitidas maternalmente, que se encontram amplamente distribuídas nos artrópodes. Estes endossimbiontes encontram-se normalmente nos tecidos do sistema reprodutor dos artrópodes e têm a capacidade manipular a sua reproduçãode modo a garantir a sua transmissão à descendência e rápida dispersão na população.A capacidade de manipulação reprodutiva da Wolbachia tornou-a o alvo de diversos estudos para uma maior e melhor perceção da sua implicação em processos biológicos e evolutivos e por acreditar-se que esta bactéria é uma promissora ferramenta no controlo de populações de insetos que são pragas agrícolas. Os afídeos são um grupo de insetos associados às plantas que podem ter um efeito devastador nas culturas agrícolas e hortícolas pois não só retiram nutrientes às plantas como podem ser vetores de doenças. Embora durante muito tempo se pensasse que estes insetos não albergavam a Wolbachia estudos recentes mostram que são várias as espécies de afídeos infetados com esta bactéria. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a prevalência de infeção por Wolbachia assim como a caracterização das suas estirpes em amostras de afídeos dos Arquipélagos da Madeira e dos Açores. Neste estudo foram analisadas 545 amostras de afídeos, 361 provenientes do Arquipélago da Madeira e 184 dos Açores. Utilizando a técnica da “Polymerase Chain Reaction” (reação em cadeia da polimerase) amplificou-se o gene 16S rRNA (RNA ribossomal) e verificou-se que 32 destas amostras encontravam-se infetadas com Wolbachia sendo a maior parte das amostras infetadas provenientes dos Açores. Para determinar a estirpe que infeta estes afídeos utilizou-se a tipagem sequencial multilocus (MLST) com os genesglutamil-tRNA amidotransferase, subunidade B (gatB), citocromo c oxidase, subunidade I (coxA), proteína hipotética conservativa (hcpA) e proteína da divisão celular (ftsZ). A análise filogenética realizada para os diferentes genes mostrou que grande parte das amostras analisadas estão incluídas em dois dos novos supergrupos descobertos para Wolbachia, supergrupo M e N.Foi detetada a presença da mesma estirpe de Wolbachia, supergrupo N, em duas espécies diferentes de afídeos, Neophyllaphis podocarpi e Aphis spiraecola da mesma planta hospedeira, Podocarpus macrophyllus. Esta infeção reforça a ideia de que a Wolbachia não recorre só a transmissão vertical para se difundir na população mas utiliza também a transmissão horizontal. A deteção e caracterização das estirpes de Wolbachia é essencial para um maior entendimento sobre a sua origem e forma de disseminação. Esta informação é importante para desenvolvimento de estratégias de controlo de pestes recorrendo a estes endossimbiontes.

Relatório de estágio de educação física realizado na Escola Secundária de Francisco Franco

O Estágio Pedagógico (EP) pretende capacitar-nos para uma melhor compreensão dos fenómenos que ocorrem, sob as mais diversas formas e em tempos e modos muitas vezes incontroláveis, no universo da Escola. Procurar intervir nesse mundo exige a busca permanente de sínteses entre as competências de diferentes matrizes, adquiridas ao longo da Licenciatura, Mestrado e demais processo formativo, e a realidade objetiva resultante de componentes tão distintas como são, em primeiro lugar, os alunos e as suas características, a escola e as suas dinâmicas, o grupo profissional e os seus posicionamentos, etc. Nesse sentido, as sínteses alcançadas em cada momento constituem a base de operacionalização das aprendizagens obtidas em ciclos anteriores, as quais agora estão em confronto imediato com uma escola real e com a necessidade de intervir adequada e criticamente junto dos destinatários da nossa ação, procurando pôr ordem numa série de recursos humanos, temporais, materiais e espaciais, sendo suposto que, no final, a nossa intervenção pessoal e profissional se tenha desenvolvido e consolidado. Por todas estas razões, o presente relatório apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito do EP e uma reflexão sobre as experiências percorridas ao longo do ano letivo. Ficam assim registadas algumas potencialidades e constrangimentos experimentados num processo de grande complexidade mas de extrema importância nesta fase determinante de desenvolvimento de competências que se pretendem úteis e duradouras. O EP englobou um conjunto de atividades de caráter curricular, de complemento curricular e de natureza científico-pedagógica plasmadas neste relatório com o intuito de clarificar a intencionalidade de cada uma delas, revelar estratégias de intervenção adotadas e apresentar as conclusões possíveis (que não definitivas).

Favela não é o lugar, são as pessoas . Desconstruindo a relação entre lugar e violência no Sarney e no Japão, Natal/RN

The city is the privileged place construction of social and political life, and the gathering of social groups. Meeting place, the diversity and possibilities. But the urban universe which cities belong is not a homogeneous whole. There are spaces demarcated and valued ideologically creating antithetical images about places that are now recognized as violent or dangerous. Peripheral urban situations of unprivileged add to theprejudices to the origin of place within the neighborlyallotments José Sarney and Novo Horizonte (Japan Slum) / Natal-RN, which are reproduced in narratives of everyday life. Spatial divisions are exploited, mixed and repeated to maintain social distances through rites of separations and dichotomies such as neighborhood/joint housing, allotment/slum and the people of the high place/the people of the down place. Social categories such as buraco(hole) and cabras (goats) are evoked to interpret the world of violence and places regarded as dangerous. The prominence of hypermasculinity and perception of children and adolescents living on the outer elements are brought up to the interpretation of images evoked in interviews with residents and their neighbors

O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term

Da promessa à realidade: a cidade potiguar do século XIX, a partir do olhar da elite

The purpose of this research is to apprehend the perception that the ruling elite, especially the Presidents of the province of Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil, had about the potiguar city, that is, the urban localities existing in the province along the 19th century. By interweaving political, administrative, socioeconomic and spatial aspects, the study of this perception involves two distinct moments, which are also linked: a moment of apprehension of the city, that is, how the elite seizes, describes and criticizes the city; and, a second moment, which occurs simultaneously or after the first moment, of intervention in the city, in which the elite exposes its vision and projects for the city and for the territory. Rather than describing the potiguar city in itself, the research is an attempt to reveal how it was perceived along this process from a particular standpoint or discourse, official and elitist, which did not correspond necessarily or completely to what it was in reality. We tried to understand, always through the lens of the discourse, how the ruling elite perceived the potiguar city based on what their members thought about other urban realities, particularly of the advanced countries; how, within an integrated vision, this city was characterized in political, administrative, socioeconomic and spatial terms and how it consolidated itself along the period established for the research. Qualitative and historical in nature, this study was also methodologically developed based upon bibliographical and documental research. Given the fact that this research works with descriptions, comparisons and interpretations, it was necessary to make use of tools such as the discourse analysis in order to apprehend, as much as possible, what lay behind the words of the elite. The primary sources used were essentially the official documents produced by the Presidents of the province, as well as other documents written by top government officials and other members of the administration staff, all of them composing the so-called ruling elite of Rio Grande do Norte. Secondary sources were books and other publications, theses and dissertations, among others. The research made possible the identification of a certain perception of the potiguar city in the 19th century, which is certainly limited because it is grounded on a specific discourse - that of the political and administrative elite, but which, in spite of such a limitation, is still useful to understand the city and its evolution along the period established, among other noteworthy remarks

A forma do privilégio: renda, acessibilidade e densidade em Natal-RN

The aim of this work is to understand the morphological expression of ground occupation by the higher income population, by focusing on population distribution in accordance with income layers and demographical density, as well as topological accessibility (HILLIER and HANSON, 1984) resulting from the urban grid structure. It endeavors to identify a functional organizing principle regarding the intra-urban space of Natal capital city of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the research focus. In order to achieve this, census data as well as syntactic data were utilized for mapping and spatial analysis of income patterns, topological accessibility and demographical density using Geographical Information System GIS. The organizing principle was named as the Form of Privilege, a pattern that concentrates or tends to concentrate wealth, topological accessibility and low demographical density. Attempting to assess its extent, beyond Natal, this principle was applied to other Brazilian northeastern capitals such as: Fortaleza, CE; Teresina, PI; Aracaju, SE; Recife, PE; and João Pessoa, PB. Findings point out that although the urban structures of these cities are not immune to the Form of Privilege, Natal is emblematic of this phenomenon, a fact that demonstrates the perverse character of its spatial process, which historically creates privileged areas within the city, by means of the appropriation of accessibility as well as of the many urban benesses that are related to it by higher income groups at the expense of the major part of the population, which though being the people mostly in need of the benefits originating from the urban form are excluded from them

O terciário (re) desenhando a periferia: a região administrativa norte de Natal/RN, na última década do século XX, servicializada na Av. Dr. João Medeiros Filho

The tertiary sector has been (re)defining and (re)qualifying, in an impacting way, the urban spaces in the cities, introducing new elements for the discussion of the relationship center/periphery. In Natal, as an inducing economic activity of its development, it conforms to the new needs of the capital, expanding, being materialized through several processes and spatial forms. We aim at analyzing one of those processes, which has taken its Northern Administrative Area to (re)define the design of its urban space, through the actions developed by the agents involved with the spatialization of the tertiary activities, at the same time as it redimensions its role as a periphery of Natal, contributing to the study of the recent and growing transformations of the Brazilian capitals. The studied district corresponds to 39.4% of the municipal area and, until recently, was composed by precarious reproduction spaces, unprovided of relevant economical activities. After the boom of the development of extensive housing complexes by SFH/BNH, the area, gradually stopped being a dependent area, and it imposed itself as an economically participant region, with the increase of the trade and services sectors, as well as a favorable place for the appearance of new activities. Its reflexes are noticeable in the achieved spatial configuration. As the main road to induct changes, Dr. João Medeiros Filho Avenue presents these new tendencies in the production of the intraurban space, concentrating the largest goods and services equipments of the area, through investments of the private and public sectors, which guarantee the capital allocation for the construction of a new centrality

Yes, nós temos arquitetura moderna! Reconstituição e análise da arquitetura residencial moderna em Natal das décadas de 50 e 60

Brazilian architecture was recognized because of the consecration of the icons of the Carioca and Paulista schools which are represented nationally and internationally by names like Niemeyer, Lucio Costa and Vilanova Artigas, among others. Because of this, classic studies dedicated to the Brazilian case look to present the Southeastern region with the title of father of modern Brazil, at the cost of subjugating various other modern movements and peripheral sayings, whether their values are known or forgotten. On the other hand, there has been an effort, in the sense of registering and analyzing these regional productions of modern Brazilian architecture, an assignment that DOCOMOMO Brasil participates firmly through initiatives like the creation of a Library to aid in the documentation and registration of modernity in Brazil. Inside this context of insertions of the National-Modern scheme, this work has as its objective to present modern potiguar (northern Brazil) architecture through its contemporary residential examples, investigating specifically its constructive, formal aspects, that together that together demonstrate one more architectural emphasis of modern Brazilian architecture: the potiguar. This way, by contributing to the work of the register and the documentation of the Modern Movement and attributing to the modern architecture of Natal it s real worth, we can say: Yes, we have modern architecture

Saudosa Maloca, Maloca querida: um estudo morfológico da relação forma/usos do espaço em moradias autoconstruídas e construídas pelo poder público após um ano de ocupação

This study intends to enhance the existing knowledge concerning the patterns of the uses of space for low cost housing in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, by way of comparative morphological studies in spatial arrangements and articulations regarding three distinct, however inter-related, sets of social housing: (1) a development comprising 21 self-built houses erected on public routes and illegal plots within a tract of land originally designed to be an industrial development: (2) architect-designed houses built by the public authority in order to accommodate the previous 21 (plus a few additions) families occupying the self-built dwellings, and (3) modifications performed by dwellers on a total of those 24 houses built by the public authority after an occupation period of one year. The predominant uses of each room within the self-built and modified houses were represented in ground plan, based on empirical observation, surveys with dwellers and the use of analytical procedures of morphologic analysis of nature predominantly geometric (specific) and topology (space syntax analysis). A scale of priorities was identified in relation to the uses of each room, its geometrical arrangement (adjacency, front/back relations etc), and underlying structures (connectivity, depth and spatial integration) in order to establish congruencies and non-congruencies between a social-cultural order embedded in the self-built domestic space and the design logic contained in the houses offered by official agencies. The comparative analysis points towards the convivial existence of two tendencies: one that seems to reinforce a design logic inasmuch as the additions and modifications performed by the dwellers do not alter but even emphasize the original configuration of the designed houses, and another one in which those patterns are subverted in accordance with a logic which, to a lesser or greater degree, coincides with that of the self-built dwellings

Centros históricos e desenvolvimento urbano: um estudo comparativo entre os programas Monumenta no Brasil e Polis em Portugal

Both the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century have been characterized as a period of major political, economic, social and cultural transformations. Two of the major consequences of the political-economical crisis of the end of last century are the restructuring of capitalist production, and the consolidation of neoliberalism as a worldwide phenomenon. This new world political-economical scenario has influenced, in a dialectic way, the contemporary urban development. In that sense, "new" spatial processes and new paradigms in both urban management and urban planning have gained shape. In this context of urban transformations, the central areas of western cities, also known as historic centers, are being increasingly (re)valued. Since the Second World War, the historic centers urban areas which have great infrastructure and symbolic relevance had been undergoing a process of evasion of population and activities, undeniably linked to the neglect of government authorities. However, in recent decades, the question of historic centers rehabilitation has acquired a growing interest, academically and in political agendas. The object of this dissertation is to focus on how the government of each Brazil and Portugal has dealt with the issue of historic center rehabilitation through programs of urban rehabilitation

Utilização de um aplicativo de simulação computacional na avaliação de desempenho térmico de protótipo de habitação de interesse social (his)

This Masters Degree dissertation seeks to make a comparative study of internal air temperature data, simulated through the thermal computer application DesignBuilder 1.2, and data registered in loco through HOBO® Temp Data Logger, in a Social Housing Prototype (HIS), located at the Central Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN. The prototype was designed and built seeking strategies of thermal comfort recommended for the local climate where the study was carried out, and built with panels of cellular concrete by Construtora DoisA, a collaborator of research project REPESC Rede de Pesquisa em Eficiência Energética de Sistemas Construtivos (Research Network on Energy Efficiency of Construction Systems), an integral part of Habitare program. The methodology employed carefully examined the problem, reviewed the bibliography, analyzing the major aspects related to computer simulations for thermal performance of buildings, such as climate characterization of the region under study and users thermal comfort demands. The DesignBuilder 1.2 computer application was used as a simulation tool, and theoretical alterations were carried out in the prototype, then they were compared with the parameters of thermal comfort adopted, based on the area s current technical literature. Analyses of the comparative studies were performed through graphical outputs for a better understanding of air temperature amplitudes and thermal comfort conditions. The data used for the characterization of external air temperature were obtained from the Test Reference Year (TRY), defined for the study area (Natal-RN). Thus the author also performed comparative studies for TRY data registered in the years 2006, 2007 and 2008, at weather station Davis Precision Station, located at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE-CRN (National Institute of Space Research), in a neighboring area of UFRN s Central Campus. The conclusions observed from the comparative studies performed among computer simulations, and the local records obtained from the studied prototype, point out that the simulations performed in naturally ventilated buildings is quite a complex task, due to the applications limitations, mainly owed to the complexity of air flow phenomena, the influence of comfort conditions in the surrounding areas and climate records. Lastly, regarding the use of the application DesignBuilder 1.2 in the present study, one may conclude that it is a good tool for computer simulations. However, it needs some adjustments to improve reliability in its use. There is a need for continued research, considering the dedication of users to the prototype, as well as the thermal charges of the equipment, in order to check sensitivity