Monte Carlo Simulations of Novel Scintillator Detectors and Dosimetry Calculations

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation techniques are becoming very common in the Medical Physicists community. MC can be used for modeling Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and for dosimetry calculations. 188Re, is a promising candidate for radiotherapeutic production and understanding the mechanisms of the radioresponse of tumor cells "in vitro" is of crucial importance as a first step before "in vivo" studies. The dosimetry of 188Re, used to target different lines of cancer cells, has been evaluated by the MC code GEANT4. The simulations estimate the average energy deposition/per event in the biological samples. The development of prototypes for medical imaging, based on LaBr3:Ce scintillation crystals coupled with a position sensitive photomultiplier, have been studied using GEANT4 simulations. Having tested, in the simulation, surface treatments different from the one applied to the crystal used in our experimental measurements, we found out that the Energy Resolution (ER) and the Spatial Resolution (SR) could be improved, in principle, by machining in a different way the lateral surfaces of the crystal. We have then studied a system able to acquire both echographic and scintigraphic images to let the medical operator obtain the complete anatomic and functional information for tumor diagnosis. The scintigraphic part of the detector is simulated by GEANT4 and first attempts to reconstruct tomographic images have been made using as method of reconstruction a back-projection standard algorithm. The proposed camera is based on slant collimators and LaBr3:Ce crystals. Within the Field of View (FOV) of the camera, it possible to distinguish point sources located in air at a distance of about 2 cm from each other. In particular conditions of uptake, tumor depth and dimension, the preliminary results show that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) values obtained are higher than the standard detection limit.

Ottimizzazione di strutture a forma libera

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è la discretizzazione di superfici a forma libera in gruppi di triangoli uguali tra loro. L'applicazione alle coperture in vetro e acciaio comporta un vantaggio a livello economico, nel rispetto dei vincoli architettonici e delle prestazioni strutturali. L'algoritmo utilizzato prevede una serie di iterazioni volte a trovare la forma ottimale dei triangoli approssimanti, che in seguito vengono ruotati e traslati in modo da riprodurre la forma globale iniziale nella maniera più precisa possibile. L'analisi multi-obiettivo riguarda il numero di triangoli unici usati, la spaziatura tra i triangoli, il distacco dalla superficie di riferimento e la dimensione degli elementi che deve essere compatibile con la struttura di sostegno. Vengono riportati i risultati dell'applicazione del presente metodo alla copertura "La Vela" del complesso Mixed Use Via Larga, sito in Bologna.

Analisi dinamica del ciclo integrato dell'acciaio: un approccio basato sulla simulazione

Nella presente tesi viene analizzato in modo approfondito il ciclo integrato dell'acciaio che è uno dei metodi più consolidati e affermati per la produzione sia di semilavorati, sia di prodotti finiti di acciaio. L'approccio all'analisi del ciclo integrato dell'acciaio è di tipo dinamico e basato sulla simulazione, vale a dire che si cerca di capire come e in che modo i vari fattori del ciclo integrato interagiscono e si influenzano fra di loro per cercare in seguto di esplicitare tali dinamiche in un unico modello di simulazione. Sino ad ora infatti nella letteratura si possono trovare modelli che analizzano separatamente solo alcuni aspetti del ciclo integrato dell'acciaio. L'intenzione ultima di questa tesi è quella di fornire uno strumento in più che possa far capire, date determinate caratteristiche e obiettivi dell'azienda, quale sia la direzione più plausibile e giustificabile da seguire.

A panchromatic study of stellar populations in Galactic Globular Clusters

The aim of this Thesis is to investigate (i) how common the bimodal Blue Straggler Stars (BSS) radial distribution is in stellar clusters and (ii) which are the physical processes that can produce this bimodality. We discuss possible relations between the properties of the BSS radial distribution and the dynamical state of the hosting clusters by making use of dynamical models and simulations. When relevant, we also discuss the possible links with some cluster "anomalies" and the effects of a massive object (like Imtermediate Mass Black Hole) in the cluster center. To this purpose we present the observational multiwavelength studies of the BSS populations and their radial distributions in 5 GGCs: M5, M55, M2, NGC 2419 and NGC 6388.

"Narrativa di frontiera". Fenomenologia di una forma aperta.

«Fiction of frontier». Phenomenology of an open form/voice. Francesco Giustini’s PhD dissertation fits into a genre of research usually neglected by the literary criticism which nevertheless is arousing much interest in recent years: the relationship between Literature and Space. In this context, the specific issue of his work consists in the category of the Frontier including its several implications for the XX century fiction. The preliminary step, at the beginning of the first section of the dissertation, is a semantic analysis: with precision, Giustini describes the meaning of the word “frontier” here declined in a multiplicity of cultural, political and geographical contexts, starting from the American frontier of the pioneers who headed for the West, to the exotic frontiers of the world, with whose the imperialistic colonization has come into contact; from the semi-uninhabited areas like deserts, highlands and virgin forests, to the ethnic frontiers between Indian and white people in South America, since the internal frontiers of the Countries like those ones between the District and the Capital City, the Centre and the Outskirts. In the next step, Giustini wants to focus on a real “ myth of the frontier”, able to nourish cultural and literary imagination. Indeed, the literature has told and chosen the frontier as the scenery for many stories; especially in the 20th Century it made the frontier a problematic space in the light of events and changes that have transformed the perception of space and our relationship with it. Therefore, the dissertation proposes a critical category, it traces the hallmarks of a specific literary phenomenon defined “ Fiction of the frontier” ,present in many literary traditions during the 20th Century. The term “Fiction” (not “Literature” or “Poetics”) does not define a genre but rather a “procedure”, focusing on a constant issue pointed out from the texts examined in this work : the strong call to the act of narration and to its oral traditions. The “Fiction of the Frontier” is perceived as an approach to the world, a way of watching and feeling the objects, an emotion that is lived and told through the story- a story where the narrator ,through his body and his voice, takes the rule of the witness. The following parts, that have an analytic style, are constructed on the basis of this theoretical and methodological reflection. The second section gives a wide range of examples into we can find the figure and the myth of the frontier through the textual analysis which range over several literary traditions. Starting from monographic chapters (Garcia Marquez, Callado, McCarthy), to the comparative reading of couples of texts (Calvino and Verga Llosa, Buzzati and Coetzee, Arguedas and Rulfo). The selection of texts is introduced so as to underline a particular aspect or a form of the frontier at every reading. This section is articulated into thematic voices which recall some actions that can be taken into the ambiguous and liminal space of the frontier (to communicate, to wait, to “trans-culturate”, to imagine, to live in, to not-live in). In this phenomenology, the frontier comes to the light as a physical and concrete element or as a cultural, imaginary, linguistic, ethnic and existential category. In the end, the third section is centered on a more defined and elaborated analysis of two authors, considered as fundamental for the comprehension of the “Fiction of the frontier”: Joseph Conrad and João Guimarães Rosa. Even if they are very different, being part of unlike literary traditions, these two authors show many connections which are pointed by the comparative analysis. Maybe Conrad is the first author that understand the feeling of the frontier , freeing himself from the adventure romance and from the exotic nineteenthcentury tradition. João Guimarães Rosa, in his turn, is the great narrator of Brazilian and South American frontier, he is the man of sertão and of endless spaces of the Centre of Brazil. His production is strongly linked to that one belonged to the author of Heart of Darkness.

Modellazione del degrado di strutture in muratura dovuto alla cristallizzazione di sali.

Il presente lavoro si è occupato della modellazione del degrado ambientale su strutture in muratura. Si propone un modello focalizzando l’attenzione sulla cristallizzazione dei sali con lo scopo di individuare sotto quali condizioni il sale si deposita, determinando la quantità e la posizione dove cristallizza e di come questo fenomeno influenza lo stato tenso-deformativo della struttura stessa.