Latin America and the internationalization of the world economy

Includes bibliography

The political economy of the developmentalist State in Brazil

Includes bibliography

Participation in the context of the world economy

Includes bibliography

Interpretative summary of the Meeting on a New Latin America in a Changing World Economy

Includes bibliography

The political economy of protection after the Uruguay Round

Includes bibliography

The dual currency bifurcation of Cuba's economy in the 1990s: causes, consequences and cures

Includes bibliography

Swerves and skids by the Venezuelan economy

Includes bibliography

The Cuban economy

Includes bibliography

Brazil in the 1990s: an economy in transition

Includes bibliography

Infrastructure to support the digital economy in Chile

Includes bibliography

A boom in a heterogeneous economy, Peru 2002-2006

Includes bibliography

Keynesian economic policies: reflections on the Brazilian economy, 1995-2009

Includes bibliography

The political economy of regional grants in Peru

Includes bibliography

Evaluation of the interactions of DNA with the textile dyes Disperse Orange 1 and Disperse Red 1 and their electrolysis products using an electrochemical biosensor

A disposable pencil graphite electrode modified with dsDNA was used in combination with square wave voltammetry in order to evaluate the interaction of DNA with the textile dyes Disperse Orange 1 (DO1) and Disperse Red 1 (DR1), and with the products of their electrolysis. Significant changes in the characteristic oxidation peaks of the guanine and adenine moieties of immobilized dsDNA were observed after incubation of the modified electrode for 180 s in solutions of the dyes in their original forms. The same was observed using the electrolysis products obtained by oxidation and reduction conversions. The oxidation peak currents of the guanine and adenine moieties decreased when the concentrations of DO1 and DR1 were increased up to 5.0 × 10 -6 and 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectively; the signal decreases were more pronounced after interaction with the oxidized dyes, compared to the reduced compounds. The interactions between DNA and DO1, DR1, and the electrolyzed dyes were further investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry in solution, and different effects such as hypochromism and hyperchromism were observed in the resulting DNA spectra. The investigated interactions showed clear evidence of changes in the DNA structure, and suggested a predominant intercalation mode leading to damage in the biomolecule. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.