Simon Dingfelder

Ehrenreich

Simon Dingfelder [Illustration] : (Porträt)

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Herr Oberlehrer Simon Dingfelder in München

Abraham

Ansbach - Simon Kraemer

Kirschner

Erinnerungen an Oberlehrer Simon Dingfelder s. A.

A. Strauß

Ernst Simon in München : zu den Juni-Vorträgen über "Franz Rosenzweig" und "Traditionelles Judentum und Erziehung"

F.

Aus der Jugendzeit Simon Dingfelders s. A. : Erinnerungen

L. Gutmann

Ernst Simon, Ranke und Hegel [Rezension]

F.

Simon Beermann : (eine Jugend-Erinnerung)

Gustav Bader

Sir John Simon, Bart., Q. C. [Illustration] : (Porträt)

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Die "St. James Gazette"

Israel Zangwill

Fear Reduction Processes in Imaginal and In Vivo Flooding: A Comment on James' Review

The research comparing imaginal and in vivo exposure in the treatment of clinically significant fear, recently reviewed by James (1986), is reexamined from the perspective of bioinformational theory and the concept of emotional processing. Fear is assumed to be stored in long term memory as a network of propositionally-coded information, which has to be processed if treatment is to be successful. Emotional processing is indicated by activation of fear responses and their habituation within and across treatment sessions. Consistent with the theory, our review indicates that successful treatment via imaginal and in vivo exposure is indeed related to activation and habituation of fear responses; interference with processing has a negative impact upon fear reduction, regardless of the specific treatment techniques employed. Furthermore, some apparently discrepant findings in the available research literature can be understood in terms of the theories cited. These ideas provide a useful perspective from which to plan future research efforts and to advance our understanding of the processes underlying reduction of pathological fear.

Der Talmud und die Folter : (vom talmudischen Gerichtsverfahren bis zu Simon von Trient)

Adam

Mr. Simon und die jüdische Mission

J. de H.

Cognitive Comparative Advantage and the Organization of Work: Lessons from Herbert Simon's Vision of the Future

In a marvelous but somewhat neglected paper, 'The Corporation: Will It Be Managed by Machines?' Herbert Simon articulated from the perspective of 1960 his vision of what we now call the New Economy the machine-aided system of production and management of the late twentieth century. Simon's analysis sprang from what I term the principle of cognitive comparative advantage: one has to understand the quite different cognitive structures of humans and machines (including computers) in order to explain and predict the tasks to which each will be most suited. Perhaps unlike Simon's better-known predictions about progress in artificial intelligence research, the predictions of this 1960 article hold up remarkably well and continue to offer important insights. In what follows I attempt to tell a coherent story about the evolution of machines and the division of labor between humans and machines. Although inspired by Simon's 1960 paper, I weave many other strands into the tapestry, from classical discussions of the division of labor to present-day evolutionary psychology. The basic conclusion is that, with growth in the extent of the market, we should see humans 'crowded into' tasks that call for the kinds of cognition for which humans have been equipped by biological evolution. These human cognitive abilities range from the exercise of judgment in situations of ambiguity and surprise to more mundane abilities in spatio-temporal perception and locomotion. Conversely, we should see machines 'crowded into' tasks with a well-defined structure. This conclusion is not based (merely) on a claim that machines, including computers, are specialized idiots-savants today because of the limits (whether temporary or permanent) of artificial intelligence; rather, it rests on a claim that, for what are broadly 'economic' reasons, it will continue to make economic sense to create machines that are idiots-savants.