Relation of Canyon Physiography to the incidence of Blister Rust in the Central Sierra Nevada /

Mode of access: Internet.

Costs increase as ritualized fighting progresses within and between phases in the sierra dome spider, Neriene litigiosa

Magnitudes and patterns of energy expenditure in animal contests are seldom measured, but can be critical for predicting contest dynamics and understanding the evolution of ritualized fighting behaviour. In the sierra dome spider, males compete for sexual access to females and their webs. They show three distinct phases of fighting behaviour, escalating from ritualized noncontact display (phase 1) to cooperative wrestling (phase 2), and finally to unritualized, potentially fatal fighting (phase 3). Using CO2 respirometry, we estimated energetic costs of male-male combat in terms of mean and maximum metabolic rates and the rate of increase in energy expenditure. We also investigated the energetic consequences of age and body mass, and compared fighting metabolism to metabolism during courtship. All three phases involved mean energy expenditures well above resting metabolic rate (3.5 X, 7.4 X and 11.5 X). Both mean and maximum energy expenditure became substantially greater as fights escalated through successive phases. The rates of increase in energy use during phases 2 and 3 were much higher than in phase 1. In addition, age and body mass affected contest energetics. These results are consistent with a basic prediction of evolutionarily stable strategy contest models, that sequences of agonistic behaviours should be organized into phases of escalating energetic costs. Finally, higher energetic costs of escalated fighting compared to courtship provide a rationale for first-male sperm precedence in this spider species. (C) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sierra : cooperative request-response for resource management in disasters using semantic web principles

Disasters cause widespread harm and disrupt the normal functioning of society, and effective management requires the participation and cooperation of many actors. While advances in information and networking technology have made transmission of data easier than it ever has been before, communication and coordination of activities between actors remain exceptionally difficult. This paper employs semantic web technology and Linked Data principles to create a network of intercommunicating and inter-dependent on-line sites for managing resources. Each site publishes available resources openly and a lightweight opendata protocol is used to request and respond to requests for resources between sites in the network.

Knowledge and Control in the Contemporary Land Rush : Making Local Land Legible and Corporate Power Applicable in Rural Sierra Leone

13/01/15 Funded by •Faculty of Management at Radboud University Nijmegen

Investing in Peace : Foreign Direct Investment as Economic Restoration in Sierra Leone?

Peer reviewed

Knowledge and Control in the Contemporary Land Rush : Making Local Land Legible and Corporate Power Applicable in Rural Sierra Leone

13/01/15 Funded by •Faculty of Management at Radboud University Nijmegen

Investing in Peace : Foreign Direct Investment as Economic Restoration in Sierra Leone?

Peer reviewed

La vision du monde dans la mythologie maseuale (nahua) de la Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexique)

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The Influence of Household Economic Status and Food Consumption Patterns on Obesity Rates in Peru – Evidence from a Field Study in 11 Communities of Madre de Dios

The globalization contributes to rapid economic developments and great changes of lifestyle in Madre de Dios of Peru, both of which have influenced the health status of local people in direct and indirect ways. The high overweight and obesity rate has become one of the biggest health challenges in this region. This study quantitatively analyzed the impact of household economic status and food consumption patterns on overweight and obesity, and tried to establish their relationship with local economic activities. People living in mining communities are more likely to be overweight or obese. Increased family incomes and lacks of health knowledge are two important reasons. The large consumption of soda and alcohol are positively associated with overweight and obesity. In addition, lack of physical activities is also one of the risk factors of overweight and obesity.

La vision du monde dans la mythologie maseuale (nahua) de la Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexique)

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Territorios campesinos y reforma agraria : el caso de las cooperativas indígenas de la sierra ecuatoriana

En este artículo, se analizan los principales cambios que se han dado en un territorio donde se implementó una reforma agraria en los años sesenta del siglo pasado, lo que permitió el acceso a la tierra por parte de los campesinos indígenas y el inicio de un proceso de "territorialización" sobre un importante espacio rural ubicado en el cantón Cayambe, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Interesa sobre todo resaltar la estrategia campesina de ocupación de un territorio de hacienda y su transformación en un territorio de agriculturas familiares campesinas orientadas a la producción de leche y articuladas con las agroindustrias locales. Este proceso ha significado una mayor complejidad del territorio ahora liderado por una dinámica económica externa, lo que ha generado cambios importantes en las estrategias económicas, sociales y culturales de las familias indígenas.

Territorios campesinos y reforma agraria : el caso de las cooperativas indígenas de la sierra ecuatoriana

En este artículo, se analizan los principales cambios que se han dado en un territorio donde se implementó una reforma agraria en los años sesenta del siglo pasado, lo que permitió el acceso a la tierra por parte de los campesinos indígenas y el inicio de un proceso de "territorialización" sobre un importante espacio rural ubicado en el cantón Cayambe, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Interesa sobre todo resaltar la estrategia campesina de ocupación de un territorio de hacienda y su transformación en un territorio de agriculturas familiares campesinas orientadas a la producción de leche y articuladas con las agroindustrias locales. Este proceso ha significado una mayor complejidad del territorio ahora liderado por una dinámica económica externa, lo que ha generado cambios importantes en las estrategias económicas, sociales y culturales de las familias indígenas.

Territorios campesinos y reforma agraria : el caso de las cooperativas indígenas de la sierra ecuatoriana

En este artículo, se analizan los principales cambios que se han dado en un territorio donde se implementó una reforma agraria en los años sesenta del siglo pasado, lo que permitió el acceso a la tierra por parte de los campesinos indígenas y el inicio de un proceso de "territorialización" sobre un importante espacio rural ubicado en el cantón Cayambe, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Interesa sobre todo resaltar la estrategia campesina de ocupación de un territorio de hacienda y su transformación en un territorio de agriculturas familiares campesinas orientadas a la producción de leche y articuladas con las agroindustrias locales. Este proceso ha significado una mayor complejidad del territorio ahora liderado por una dinámica económica externa, lo que ha generado cambios importantes en las estrategias económicas, sociales y culturales de las familias indígenas.

Magnetic extracts of three gravity cores located at the Ceará Rise, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Sierra Leone Rise

The magnetic microparticle and nanoparticle inventories of marine sediments from equatorial Atlantic sites were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to classify all present detrital and authigenic magnetic mineral species and to investigate their regional distribution, origin, transport, and preservation. This information is used to establish source-to-sink relations and to constrain environmental magnetic proxy interpretations for this area. Magnetic extracts were prepared from sediments of three supralysoclinal open ocean gravity cores located at the Ceará Rise (GeoB 1523-1; 3°49.9'N/41°37.3'W), the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (GeoB 4313-2; 4°02.8'N/33°26.3'W), and the Sierra Leone Rise (GeoB 2910-1; 4°50.7'N/21°03.2'W). Sediments from two depths corresponding to marine isotope stages 4 and 5.5 were processed. This selection represents glacial and interglacial conditions of sedimentation for the western, central, and eastern equatorial Atlantic and avoids interferences from subsurface and anoxic processes. Crystallographic, elemental, morphological, and granulometric data of more than 2000 magnetic particles were collected by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. On basis of these properties, nine particle classes could be defined: detrital magnetite, titanomagnetite (fragmental and euhedral), titanomagnetite-hemoilmentite intergrowths, silicates with magnetic inclusions, microcrystalline hematite, magnetite spherules, bacterial magnetite, goethite needles, and nanoparticle clusters. Each class can be associated with fluvial, eolian, subaeric, and submarine volcanic, biogenic, or chemogenic sources. Large-scale sedimentation patterns are delineated as well: detrital magnetite is typical of Amazon discharge, fragmental titanomagnetite is a submarine weathering product of mid-ocean ridge basalts, and titanomagnetite-hemoilmenite intergrowths are common magnetic particles in West African dust. This clear regionalization underlines that magnetic petrology is an excellent indicator of source-to-sink relations. Hematite encrustations, magnetic spherules, and nanoparticle clusters were found at all investigated sites, while bacterial magnetite and authigenic hematite were only detected at the more oxic western site. At the eastern site, surface pits and crevices were seen on the crystal faces indicating subtle early diagenetic reductive dissolution. It was observed that paleoclimatic signatures of magnetogranulometric parameters such as the ratio of anhysteretic and isothermal remanent magnetizations can be formed either by mixing of multiple sources with separate, relatively narrow grain size ranges (western site) or by variable sorting of a single source with a broad grain size distribution (eastern site). Hematite, goethite, and possibly ferrihydrite nanoparticles occur in all sediment cores studied and have either high-coercive or superparamagnetic properties depending on their partly ultrafine grain sizes. These two magnetic fractions are generally discussed as separate fractions, but we suggest that they could actually be genetically linked.