Fosfato decantado e calagem no perfilhamento e produção de massa seca do capim-marandu

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Tratamentos pré-germinativos e substratos na emergência de sementes e qualidade de mudas de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.)

The physic nut can be propagated asexually or sexually. Using cuttings have been earlier yield and more fidelity characteristics of the parent plant. However, there is less initial vegetative growth. The seeds from the plants have increased genetic variability, are more vigorous and begin production later. To get quality changes, the substrate is an important factor. With that the objective was to taste pre-germinated treatments and different substrate on seeds emergence and quality physic nut seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme 6 x 3 (pre-germinated treatments x substrate), 18 treatments and 4 repetition, 8 seeds to each repetition. It was evaluated six pre-germination treatments: T1: witness (without treatments); T2: water immersion for 12 hours; T3: water immersion for 24 hours; T4: mechanical scarification; T5: mechanical scarification + water immersion for 12 hours; T6: mechanical scarification + water immersion for 24 hours, using as substrate: commercial, expanded vermiculite and sand washed. The mechanical scarification was realized opposite the micropyle using sandpaper n. 60. After the pre-germination treatments, the seeds were emergence in plastic cups (200mL) with substrates. We evaluated the characteristics: percentage, beginning and emergence speed index, mean length of plant, diameter of plant stem, SPAD index, fresh and dry shoot and root. The results showed that in seeds of Jatropha do not need pre-germinative treatments; and the use of commercial substrate showed seedling development.

Expression Pattern and Promoter Analysis of a Eucalyptus grandis Germin-like Gene

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resíduos agrícolas e argila expandida no cultivo da orquídea Oncidium baueri Lindl.

For orchid cultivation in containers is essential to select the right substrate, since this will influence the quality of the final product, it serve as a support for the root system of the plants. This study aimed to evaluate different agricultural residues and expanded clay in Oncidium baueri Lindl. orchid cultivation. The plants were subjected to treatments: pinus husk + carbonized rice husk, pinus husk + coffee husk, pinus husk + fibered coconut, pecan nut husk, expanded clay, fibered coconut, coffee husk, carbonized rice husk, pinus husk. After eleven months of the experiment, the following variables were evaluated: plant height; largest pseudo-bulb diameter; number of buds; shoot fresh dry matter; the longest root length; number of roots; root fresh matter; root dry matter; and electric conductivity; pH and water retention capacity of the substrates. Except the expanded clay, the other substrates showed satisfactory results in one or more traits. Standing out among these substrates pinus husk + coffee husk and pine bark + fibered coconut, which favored the most vegetative and root characteristic of the orchid. The mixture of pinus husk + coffee husk and pinus husk + fibered coconut, provided the best results in vegetative and root growth of the orchid Oncidium baueri and the expanded clay did not show favorable results in the cultivation of this species.

Relações de interferência entre plantas daninhas e a cultura do grão-de-bico

The grains of chickpea consumed in Brazil are almost entirely imported. Considering that chickpeas presents conditions to be cultivated in some regions of Brazil, this study aimed to study interference of six weed plants (Amaranthus viridis, Bidens pilosa, Raphanus raphanistrum, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda and Eleusine indica) on the vegetative development of chickpeas. Thus, we evaluated the shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content and dry weight of leaves, stem and root of chickpeas. We observed a significant interference on the chickpeas'development in coexistence with weeds. Among the weeds, D. nuda, E. indica and A. viridis were the most aggressive, highlighting the need for early control of weeds when in cultivation of chickpeas in areas with a history of high density of these weeds. The leaf area of chickpeas was the most affected trait by the coexistence with weeds, affecting the development of the crop.

Tropical soils with high aluminum concentrations cause oxidative stress in two tomato genotypes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seedling structure in Asteraceae weedy species: considerations on the vasculature system

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Early growth of common bean cropped over ruzigrass residues

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de extratos de adubos verdes sobre Lactuca sativa e Digitaria horizontalis

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de extratos de quatro espécies de adubos verdes (Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrimae Sorghum bicolor cv. AG 2005) sobre a germinação de sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas deLactuca sativa e de Digitaria horizontalis. Foram realizados dois experimentos: no primeiro, avaliou-se a aplicação das soluções diluídas a 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% e10% de extratos aquosos da parte aérea e das raízes das espécies de adubos verdes sobre a germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e o comprimento radicular de L. sativa; no segundo, avaliou-se a incorporação ao solo de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g dm-3 da biomassa dos adubos verdes sobre o acúmulo de massa seca (parte aérea e raízes) e o desenvolvimento radicular de plântulas de L. sativa e de D. horizontalis. Concluiu-se que os extratos aquosos das espécies C. ensiformis, C. spectabilis, M. aterrima e S. bicolor cv. AG 2005 promoveram efeitos negativos sobre a germinação e o IVG das sementes de L. sativa. A incorporação ao solo da biomassa dessas espécies de adubos verdes influenciou negativamente no desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas de L. sativa. Entretanto, verificou-se efeito positivo sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de D. horizontalis com a incorporação ao solo da biomassa de C. spectabilis.

Nanoencapsulation enhances the post-emergence herbicidal activity of atrazine against mustard plants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Injeção de ar via irrigação por gotejamentos superficial e subsuperficial na cultura da alface

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Viabilidade do recipiente biodegradável na produção de mudas florestais nativas

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Estresse salino em plantas jovens de cana-deaçúcar: respostas bioquímicas e fisiológicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Boro em cana-de-açúcar cultivada em solução nutritiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sensitivity of yellow passion fruit plants to ultraviolet-B radiation

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of UV-B radiation on the vegetative growth and on the gas exchange characteristics of passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis) grown in greenhouse. The average unweighted UV-B radiation near the apex of the plants was 8 W m-2 for the UV-B treatment (high UV-B), and 0.8 W m-2 for the control plants (low UV-B). Plants were irradiated with UV-B for 7 hours per day, centered on solar noon, during 16 days. High UV-B radiation resulted in lower shoot dry matter accumulation per plant. The content of UV-B absorbing compounds and anthocyanins was increased in the plants exposed to high UV-B radiation, when compared with the control. UV-B radiation did not affect stomatal conductance or transpiration rate, but reduced photosynthesis and instantaneous water‑use efficiency, and increased intercellular CO2 concentration. The accumulation of UV-B-absorbing compounds and anthocyanins did not effectively shield plants from supplementary UV-B radiation, since the growth and photosynthetic processes were significantly reduced.