Efecto del ácido oxálico bajo restauraciones cervicales en dientes con hipersensibilidad: ensayo clínico randomizado controlado doble ciego

To evaluate the effect of oxalic acid in cervical hypersensitivity, used under two different resin restorations one based on methacrylate and another based on silorane. Methods: 19 patients with “LCNC with hypersensitivity” were distributed into 4 groups according to treatment: G1 (n = 31): 0.5% oxalic acid (Desenssiv, SSWhite) + Z250 (3MESPE), G2 (n = 31): 0.5% oxalic acid + Filtek Silorane - P90 (3MESPE), G3 (n = 30): Distilled water + Z250; G4 (n = 30): Distilled water + Filtek Silorane - P90. Two clinical calibrated (kappa> 0.75) evaluated the sensitivity of the teeth: Before treatment, at 30, 60 and 90 days post-treatment (VAS). Results: The 4 groups at 30, 60 and 90 days reduced HS compared with the baseline (p <0.05). G1 and G2 showed less HS than G3 and G4 (p <0.05). Conclusion: The 4 restorative procedures significantly reduce the hypersensitivity, 30, 60 and 90 days compared to the baseline.

Estado actual del blanqueamiento: sigue siendo un tratamiento seguro? review

The demand for cosmetic dentistry, including teeth whitening, has increased in recent years. The home teeth whitening and in-office, are widely used in dental practice. The mechanism by which it works is by oxidation of the chromogenic existing tooth structure. This is an effective and minimally invasive procedure that achieves tooth lighten the color, however, may cause alterations in the enamel surface, such as a dental permeability increase. Another effect caused by this procedure is tooth sensitivity, being the most common side effect, up to 65% of individuals have had a secondary effect at least once during treatment. This sensitivity and gingival irritation caused by bleaching may vary depending on the patient and used bleaching product

A redescoberta da arte de Alfredo Oliani: Sacra e Tumular

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Validez y confiabilidad de la versión en español de la escala multidimensional de la UNESP-Botucatu para evaluar el dolor postoperatorio en gatos

This study focused on the validation of the Spanish version of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale to assess postoperative pain in cats. The original scale in Portuguese was translated into Spanish by two independent translators, and summarised in one version by a third individual. The summarised version was back-translated and minor adjustments were made. The scale was reviewed by three anesthesiologists with Spanish as their first language, and the final version was submitted to psychometric testing. Thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were video recorded during the perioperative period. Six observers from different spanish speaking countries, who had Spanish as the first language watched the videos and determined the pain scores using the Spanish version of the scale, identifying the cats that should receive analgesics. Videos were reanalysed in a different order about 2 months after the first assessment. The sensitivity to change, content and construct validity were established by the significant change in pain scores in response to surgery and analgesics. The agreement between the evaluations of the 'gold standard'(researcher that developed the scale) and the other observers confirmed the criterion validity. Inter- and intra-rater reliability, evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient, ranged from good to very good for all scale items. The cut-off point for rescue analgesia identified by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was > 7 with 92% of sensitivity and 91% of specificity. The Spanish version of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale is interpretable (has an optimal analgesic intervention score), valid and reliable instrument for assessing acute pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Differences in acoustic and perceptual parameters of the voice between elderly and young women at habitual and high intensity

The present study aimed to compare elderly and young female voices in habitual and high intensity. The effect of increased intensity on the acoustic and perceptual parameters was assessed. Sound pressure level, fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic to noise ratio were obtained at habitual and high intensity voice in a group of 30 elderly women and 30 young women. Perceptual assessment was also performed. Both groups demonstrated an increase in sound pressure level and fundamental frequency from habitual voice to high intensity voice. No differences were found between groups in any acoustic variables on samples recorded with habitual intensity level. No significant differences between groups were found in habitual intensity level for pitch, hoarseness, roughness, and breathiness. Asthenia and instability obtained significant higher values in elderly than young participants, whereas, the elderly demonstrated lower values for perceived tension and loudness than young subjects. Acoustic and perceptual measures do not demonstrate evident differences between elderly and young speakers in habitual intensity level. The parameters analyzed may lack the sensitivity necessary to detect differences in subjects with normal voices. Phonation with high intensity highlights differences between groups, especially in perceptual parameters. Therefore, high intensity should be included to compare elderly and young voice.

A flow cytometry method for testing the susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp. to amphotericin B

Human fungal infections have increased at an alarming rate in recent years, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Cryptococcosis is the second most prevalent systemic fungal infection worldwide, and the most prevalent systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals, representing more than 70% of cases. The incidence of cryptococcosis is high in people with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with recent estimates indicating that there are one million cases of cryptococcal meningitis globally per year in AIDS patients. The aim of this research was to develop a rapid flow cytometric antifungal susceptibility test and to compare the results with the standard methods. A reference strain and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii were tested for susceptibility to amphotericin B by flow cytometry using propidium iodide as indicator of viability. Flow cytometry (FC) results were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined by microdilution. The antifungal activity of amphotericin B ranged from MICs of 0.06 to 2μg/ml for the 11 isolates studied. The same results were found by FC. The FC method allows same-day results, assisting in the selection of appropriate antifungal therapies. These results demonstrate an excellent correlation between FC and the classic methods of testing for susceptibility to antifungal agents. This rapid diagnosis method makes it possible to quickly administer effective therapeutic interventions, often saving lives.

Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana ao metronidazole de microrganismos isolados de periodontite crônica e agressiva

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial susceptibility to metronidazole from microorganisms isolated from patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. The samples were obtained from 50 patients with periodontitis and microorganisms were isolated onto selective and nonselective culture media, identified by biochemical methods and tested for susceptibility to metronidazole. The results evidenced the susceptibility to metronidazole among gram-negative anaerobes and some intermediate susceptibility and resistance among Grampositive anaerobes and facultatives.

Morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular study of renal lesions in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is an anthropozoonosis characterized by a clinically chronic progressive disease. Non lymphoid organs are also affected, especially the kidneys. Dogs with leishmaniasis usually die with renal failure despite treatment. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining in kidney tissue sections has low sensitivity for parasite identification. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are efficient methods for Leishmania sp. antigen and DNA detection in cases of low parasite burden. The present study aims to identify renal lesions of CVL and correlate them with microscopic findings determined by histochemistry, IHC and PCR. Both IHC and PCR provided similar positivity for amastigote identification, 3/20 animals (15%), thus increasing detection of the parasite in renal tissues when compared with histopathologic examination. The lesion most commonly observed with visceral leishmaniasis-positive canine kidney tissue was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, followed by interstitial nephritis without correlation to the number of amastigotes.

Recobrimento de múltiplas recessões com enxerto subepitelial: tratamento de descontaminação da superfície radicular com laser de Erbium YAG

Multiple gingival recessions may cause mainly dentinary sensibility and aesthetic alterations. The subepithelial graft is a mucogingival technique which can be used to treat multiple gingival recessions. In this case report the Erbium YAG laser was applied to promote radicular surface decontamination, an important step to reach reinsertion of the gingival tissues on exposed radicular surface.

Susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from necrotic pulps to calcium hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide has been used as pulp-capping agent and canal dressing due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties besides its ability to induce formation of mineralized tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to calcium hydroxide of 146 bacterial strains isolated from endodontic infections. MIC was determined by using an agar dilution method, while contact bactericide activity was performed through in broth. All the isolates were sensitive to calcium hydroxide in concentrations that varied from 0.5mg/ml to 128 mg/ml, and the genera Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Actinomyces were the most resistant. Gramnegative anaerobes proved to be the most sensitive isolates. All the isolates were inhibited after 60 minutes of contact with the alkali in concentration of 100mg/ml

Explorando potencialidades para a criação de rede de apoio social a mulheres lusófonas que vivem com câncer de mama em Toronto, Canadá

Introduction: Health indicators tend to be altered due to the participation of people in social networks. Objective: To find out ideas of individuals belonging to Portuguese speaking communities in Toronto, Canada, about the possibility of creating a social support network for women experiencing breast cancer. Method: Nineteen participants of the present ethnographic and critical study answered to questions, providing their opinions regarding to the social support network and its positive and negative aspects. Also, the participants suggested other possible individuals who could participate and help in the creation of such network. Discussions were transcribed, analysed and coded using qualitative software called Atlas ti 6.0. Results: The main components for the creation of the social support network were: the demystification of breast cancer and its prevention, emphasis in health education, dissemination of the need of volunteers and a direct social support to those women. The positive aspects were the participation of oldest women as social leaders and the utilization of schools and religious institutions for publicity. Negative aspects that were perceived as barriers are: the belief that breast cancer is a disease lived by women, the lack of knowledge about its cure and rehabilitation, as well as a collective sensitiveness to it. Also, about the participation of community leaders, the suggestions were: diplomats, priests and pastors, schools directors and communication entrepreneurs. Conclusion: The creation of the social support network should consider the cultural sensitiveness and the inner diversity of the consulted Portuguese speaking communities. Due to the insufficient number of Angolan participants to sustain a major analysis, a special recommendation was that Angolan social leaders and professionals should be invited to design the structure of such network according to their specific cultural traits.

Histórico, tendências e perspectivas no planejamento espacial de usinas hidrelétricas brasileiras: a antiga e atual fronteira Amazônica

Os empreendimentos hidrelétricos são alternativas favoráveis economicamente em função do grande potencial hidrelétrico disponível no território brasileiro. Apesar de serem notórias em causar significativa degradação ambiental, conformam historicamente uma importante controvérsia do setor energético brasileiro. Orientado por esta problemática, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o histórico e as tendências do planejamento espacial de usinas hidrelétricas no Brasil, interpretando-os a partir da relação entre o potencial hidrelétrico disponível no espaço e o grau de disciplinamento do uso e ocupação do espaço no tempo. Até a década de 1970, a implantação de hidrelétricas ocorreu, relativamente, à luz de menor grau de disciplinamento de uso e ocupação do espaço, como foi o caso das hidrelétricas de Balbina e Tucuruí, as quais também induziram a primeira grande crise ambiental do setor e favoreceram a criação dos instrumentos de política ambiental, em 1981. As décadas de 1980 e 1990 são caracterizadas por um vazio de planejamento de hidrelétricas, o que é retomado a partir de 2000 em função de um ambiente econômico internacional favorável aos investimentos em infraestrutura, resultando no aumento da exploração do potencial hidrelétrico orientada especialmente para a região Amazônica. Porém, esta reorientação depara-se com um maior grau de disciplinamento do uso do espaço que acaba vinculando novas dimensões para o planejamento espacial de hidrelétricas, especialmente em regiões com alta sensibilidade socioambiental, como é o caso da Amazônica. Ainda assim, esta região é aquela que ainda detêm o maior potencial hidrelétrico a ser explorado, o que faz dela a escolhida como a fronteira hidrelétrica da década de 2010.

Impact of the rapid antigen detection test in diagnosis and treatment of acute pharyngotonsillitis in a Pediatric emergency room

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the routine use of rapid antigen detection test in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pharyngotonsillitis in children. METHODS: This is a prospective and observational study, with a protocol compliance design established at the Emergency Unit of the University Hospital of Universidade de São Paulo for the care of children and adolescents diagnosed with acute pharyngitis. RESULTS: 650 children and adolescents were enrolled. Based on clinical findings, antibiotics would be prescribed for 389 patients (59.8%); using the rapid antigen detection test, they were prescribed for 286 patients (44.0%). Among the 261 children who would not have received antibiotics based on the clinical evaluation, 111 (42.5%) had positive rapid antigen detection test. The diagnosis based only on clinical evaluation showed 61.1% sensitivity, 47.7% specificity, 44.9% positive predictive value, and 57.5% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis had low sensitivity and specificity. The routine use of rapid antigen detection test led to the reduction of antibiotic use and the identification of a risk group for complications of streptococcal infection, since 42.5% positive rapid antigen detection test patients would not have received antibiotics based only on clinical diagnosis.

Modelos de circulación global y procesos de mezcla en el océano

La difusividad diapicna en el océano es uno de los parámetros más desconocidos en los modelos climáticos actuales. Su importancia radica en que es uno de los principales factores de transporte de calor hacia capas más profundas del océano. Las medidas de esta difusividad son variables e insuficientes para confeccionar un mapa global con estos valores. A través de una amplia revisión bibliográfica hasta el año 2009 del tema se encontró que el sistema climático es extremadamente sensible a la difusividad diapicna, donde el escalado del Océano Pacífico Sur, con una potencia de su coeficiente de difusividad o kv de 0.63, resultó ser más sensible a los cambios en el coeficiente de difusividad diapicna que el Océano Atlántico con una potencia de kv de 0.44 , se pone de manifiesto así la necesidad de esclarecer los esquemas de mezcla, esquemas de clausura y sus parametrizaciones a través de Modelos de Circulación Global (GCMs) y Modelos de Complejidad Intermedia del Sistema Terrestre (EMICs), dentro del marco de un posible cambio climático y un calentamiento global debido al aumento de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Así, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es comprender la sensibilidad del sistema climático a la difusividad diapicna en el océano a través de los GCMs y los EMICs. Para esto es necesario el análisis de los posibles esquemas de mezcla diapicna con el objetivo final de encontrar el modelo óptimo que permita predecir la evolución del sistema climático, el estudio de todas las variables que influyen en el mismo, y la correcta simulación en largos periodos de tiempo. The diapycnal diffusivity in the ocean is one of the least known parameters in current climate models. Measurements of this diffusivity are sparse and insufficient for compiling a global map. Through a lengthy review of the literature through 2009 found that the climate system is extremely sensitive to the diapycnal diffusivity, where in the South Pacific scales with the 0.63 power of the diapycnal diffusion, in contrasts to the scales with the 0.44 power of the diapycnal diffusion of North Atlantic. Therefore, the South Pacific is more sensitive than the North Atlantic. All this evidenced the need to clarify the schemes of mixing and its parameterisations through Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and Earth Models of Intermediate Complexity (EMICs) within a context of possible climate change and global warming due to increased of emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, the main objective of this work understands the sensitivity of the climate system to diapycnal diffusivity in the ocean through the GCMs and EMICs. This requires the analysis of possible schemes of diapycnal mixing with the ultimate goal of finding the optimal model to predict the evolution of the climate system, the study of all variables that affect it and the correct simulation over long periods of time.

Estudio de los sonidos emitidos por las crías de tortuga boba, Caretta caretta, en el momento de la eclosión

Las crías Caretta caretta durante la eclosión y antes de salir del nido, emiten sonidos asociados a crujido y raspado del corion, así como chillidos, silbidos y tos, en un rango de frecuencia entre los 300 y 2600 Hz. No obstante, los silbidos y chillidos, que pueden ser asociables a un sistema de vocalización, se emiten a una frecuencia (1500-2600 Hz) mucho mayor al rango de sensibilidad descrito para esta especie (250-1000 Hz) y por tanto imperceptibles para ellas. Sin embargo, los sonidos producidos como consecuencia de ejercicios de respiración y expulsión de arena de las vías respiratorias, acompañados de tos (300-1200 Hz), por parte de las crías recién eclosionadas, son los únicos sonidos que podrían servir de señal y estimulación a la eclosión del resto de crías en el nido. ABSTRACT The hatchlings Caretta caretta, during the eclosion and before the abandon of their nest, produce sounds associated to creakling and scrape of the eggshell, and howl, whistle and cough, in a frequency range between 300 and 2600 Hz. Nevertheless, the howls and whistles, that could be associated to a vocalization apparatus, were emitted at a higher frequency (1500-2600 Hz) than the auditory range describe for this species (250-1000 Hz), and therefore probably inaudible for them. However, sounds generated as a consequence of breathing exercises and sand expulsion from the airways through coughs (300- 1200 Hz), by the recently hatched turtles, could be used as signal or stimulus for the hatch of the reminder eggs in the nest.