"To hold the world in contempt": The British Empire, war, and the Irish and Indian nationalist press, 1899–1914

The era between the close of the nineteenth century and the onset of the First World War witnessed a marked increase in radical agitation among Indian and Irish nationalists. The most outspoken political leaders of the day founded a series of widely circulated newspapers in India and Ireland, placing these editors in the enviable position of both reporting and creating the news. Nationalist journalists were in the vanguard of those pressing vocally for an independent India and Ireland, and together constituted an increasingly problematic contingent for the British Empire. The advanced-nationalist press in Ireland and the nationalist press in India took the lead in facilitating the exchange of provocative ideas--raising awareness of perceived imperial injustices, offering strategic advice, and cementing international solidarity. Irish and Indian press coverage of Britain's imperial wars constituted one of the premier weapons in the nationalists' arsenal, permitting them to build support for their ideology and forward their agenda in a manner both rapid and definitive. Directing their readers' attention to conflicts overseas proved instructive in how the Empire dealt with those who resisted its policies, and also showcased how it conducted its affairs with its allies. As such, critical press coverage of the Boxer Rebellion, Boer War, Russo-Japanese War, and World War I bred disaffection for the Empire, while attempts by the Empire to suppress the critiques further alienated the public. This dissertation offers the first comparative analysis of the major nationalist press organs in India and Ireland, using the prism of war to illustrate the increasingly persuasive role of the press in promoting resistance to the Empire. It focuses on how the leading Indian and Irish editors not only fostered a nationalist agenda within their own countries, but also worked in concert to construct a global anti-imperialist platform. By highlighting the anti-imperial rhetoric of the nationalist press in India and Ireland and illuminating their strategies for attaining self-government, this study deepens understanding of the seeds of nationalism, making a contribution to comparative imperial scholarship, and demonstrating the power of the media to alter imperial dynamics and effect political change.

The Spiritual Resistance of Edith Stein and Regina Jonas

Emily Leah Silverman of San Jose State University gives a lecture on the spiritual resistance and religious vision of Edith Stein and Regina Jonas, two German Jewish women who engaged in "deviant" religious desires while working for their communities during the Holocaust. Event held on November 14, 2014 at the Jewish Museum of Florida-Florida International University.

Restrictions on Aliens in the United Kingdom, 1914-1919 : a Study of the Origins and Political Background of the Aliens Restrictions Acts of 1914 and 1919.

At first glance the Aliens Restriction Act of 1914, which was introduced and passed on the first day of World War One, seems a hasty and ill-prepared piece of legislation. Actually, when examined in the light of Arthur Marwick's thesis that war is a forcing house for pre-existent social and governmental ideas, it becomes clear that the act was not after all the product of hastily formed notions. In point of fact it followed the precedent of detailed draft clauses produced in 1911 by a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence established to consider the treatment of aliens in the event of war. Indeed the draft clauses and the restrictions embodied in the 1914 act were strikingly similar to restrictions on aliens legislated in 1793. Hostility to aliens had been growing from 1905 to 1914 and this hostility blossomed into xeno-phobia on the outbreak of war, a crucial precondition for the specifically anti-enemy fears of the time. In 1919 the Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Bill was introduced into parliament to extend temporarily the provisions of the 1914 act thus permitting the Home Secretary to plan permanent, detailed legislation. Two minority groups of MPs with extreme views on the treatment of aliens were prominent in the debates on this bill. The extreme Liberal group which advocated leniency in the treatment of aliens had little effect on the final form of the bill, but the extreme Conservative group, which demanded severe restrictions on aliens, succeeded in persuading the government to include detailed restrictions. Despite its allegedly temporary nature, the Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act of 1919 was renewed annually until 1971.

A City's Toys: Theatre in Birmingham 1914-1918

This chapter provides a wide-ranging account of theatre in Birmingham, the UK’s second largest city. As a vital centre for the production of mass armaments and vehicles essential for the war effort, Birmingham was home to a rapidly expanding and socially diverse population. I show how theatres overcame wartime constraints to reflect that diversity with examples drawn from the popular entertainment provided by the city’s music halls, variety and melodrama theatres contrasted with the more decorous touring plays, musicals and spectacular home-grown pantomimes enjoyed at the prestigious Theatre Royal and Prince of Wales. The dogged attempts by the recently-established Birmingham Repertory Theatre to sustain an artistically and intellectually ambitious programme of new and classic drama also reveal a more complex response to the effects of war.

Bagdadbahn : géopolitique en mutation et renseignement militaire russe au Moyen-Orient (1878-1914)

Ce mémoire vise à démontrer, à travers l’analyse des sources du renseignement militaire russe, que vers la fin du XIXᵉ siècle, la construction du chemin de fer de Bagdad par les Allemands conduit à la reconfiguration du Grand Jeu. L’intervalle historique qui s’étend de 1878 à 1914 représente la période de l’avènement de l’Allemagne en tant que nouvel acteur de la rivalité qui opposait jusqu’ici les Russes et les Britanniques en Asie centrale. L’immixtion allemande en Asie Mineure amène à l’internationalisation de la scène moyen-orientale par la construction de la voie ferrée qui, devant relier le Bosphore au golfe Persique, menaçait directement la domination britannique sur la route des Indes et modifiait la conception antérieure du Grand Jeu. En analysant quelques centaines de pages de documents provenant des sources du renseignement militaire russe, à savoir des dépêches, des comptes rendus et des rapports des agents militaires (voennye agenty) ainsi que des notices des représentants diplomatiques russes au Moyen-Orient, nous avons discerné les positions prises par les grandes puissances dans l’entreprise de Bagdad, tout en mettant de l’avant le conflit d’intérêts qui accompagnait l’établissement du tracé du futur chemin de fer. En menaçant la sécurité de l’Inde britannique d’un côté, et en contribuant au renforcement de l’armée turque à la frontière caucasienne de l’autre, le projet allemand de la Bagdadbahn fait avancer la Marche vers l’Est en inaugurant la Weltpolitik germanique.

Writing disenchantment: British First World War Prose, 1914-30.

This book argues that disenchantment is not only a response to wartime experience, but a condition of modernity with a language that finds extreme expression in First World War literature. The objects of disenchantment are often the very same as the enchantments of scientific progress: bureaucracy, homogenisation and capitalism. Older beliefs such as religion, courage and honour are kept in view, and endure longer than often is realised. Social critics, theorists and commentators of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries provide a rich and previously unexplored context for wartime and post-war literature. The rise of the disenchanted narrative to its predominance in the War Books Boom of 1928 – 1930 is charted from the turn of the century in texts, archival material, sales and review data. Rarely-studied popular and middlebrow novels are analysed alongside well-known highbrow texts: D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, H. G. Wells and Rebecca West rub shoulders with forgotten figures such as Gilbert Frankau and Ernest Raymond. These sometimes jarring juxtapositions show the strained relationship between enchantment and disenchantment in the war and the post-war decade.

« Une suprématie contestée? » L'enseignement des Humanités en Belgique à la fin du XIXe siècle (1870-1890) », Journée d'étude « La « fabrique des citoyens » :L’enseignement des langues et des lettres en Europe au XIXe siècle (1848-1914) »

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« Enseigner les lettres au XIXe siècle. Histoire sociale et politique comparée des professeurs de lettres de l'enseignement secondaire public en Belgique et en Italie (1850-1914) »

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Conferencias centroamericanas, 1909-1914 : seguido de un apéndice que comprende los últimos tratados y convenciones celebrados por El Salvador con datos sobre la vigencia internacional de ellos

Reunidos los países centroamericanos: El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua y Costa-Rica, con el deseo de promover la unificación y armonía de sus intereses, como uno de los medios más eficaces para preparar la fusión de los pueblos centroamericanos en una sola nacionalidad, acordaron celebrar una Convención para el nombramiento de Comisiones y para la reunión de Conferencias Centroamericanas, que acuerden las medidas más oportunas y convenientes a fin de uniformar sus intereses económicos y fiscales

« Histoire des professeurs de français de l’enseignement moyen et supérieur officiel en Belgique au XIXe siècle (1830-1914) »

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