Influência dos intermediários de distribuição de produtos turísticos no processo de decisão do meio de hospedagem pelo consumidor

This study examines the complex hotel buyer decision process in front of the tourism distribution channels. Its objective is to describe the influence level of the tourism marketing intermediaries, mainly the travel agents and tour operators, over the hotel decision process by the buyer-tourist. The data collection process was done trough a survey with three hundred brazilian tourists hosted in nineteen hotels of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data analysis was done using some multivariate statistic techniques as correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, factor analysis and multiple discriminant analysis. The research characterizes the hotel services consumers profile and his trip, and identifying the distribution channels used by them. Furthermore, the research verifies the intermediaries influence exercised over hotel buyer decision process, looking for identify causality relations between the influence level and the buyer profile. Verifies that information about hotels available on internet reduces the probability that this influence can be practiced; however it was possible identifying those consumers considers this information complementary and non-substitutes than the information from intermediaries. The characteristics of the data do not allow indentifying the factors that constraint the intermediaries influence neither identifying discriminant functions of the specific distribution channel choice by consumers. The study concludes that consumers don t agree in have been influenced by intermediaries or don t know if they have, still considering important to consult them and internet doesn t substitute their function as information source

Gestão do marketing de relacionamento: um estudo em empresas hoteleiras de Natal - RN

The present study it analyzes the Management of the Marketing of strategy Relationship as distinguishing for the host s companies of the city of Natal - RN. To carry through this analysis interviews with managers had been carried through, as well as the direct comment of processes, documents, actions and strategies developed for the hotels, with intention to know the level of perception and valuation of the relationship with customers, to verify resources and technologies used in the Management of the Relationship Marketing, identification, segmentation and differentiation of customers, personalization of products and services, and results of the emphasis in the relationship with customers for the host s companies. The research can be classified as exploratory - descriptive, and its universe is limited to the city of Natal, having enclosed hotels that have carried through tourist activity in 2005 and 2006. Still on the criteria of election of the sample, the study it investigated host s companies who if fit in the category superior luxury, or either, five stars, pertaining the national nets and international. How much to the treatment and analysis of the data the was made to leave of the theoretical support of the authors who work the thematic one and of the analysis of the interviews with managers, documents and processes observed for the researcher in the studied hotels. The research sample that the interviewed ones understand the importance to work the Management of the Marketing of Relationship in the host s companies me intention to get sustainable competitive advantage. One still evidenced that the searched hotels make use of strategies and instruments of Management of the Marketing of Relationship, however without an ample theoretical knowledge and yes only as base in the experience of the managers and spread processes already, generating one moment competitive advantage and not relationships of long duration

Implementação de um plano de segurança de águas num hospital

Dissertação de Natureza Científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The Janus-faced City: A Sensory History of the London Blitz 1940–1941

The city of London was, during the years of 1940–1941, a city under fire. The metropolis seemed to have two faces, like the Roman deity Janus: the face of the daylight hours, so normal, and yet so deceiving in its false quietness – and at nightfall, the city turned, and the face of it was the face of the devil himself, transforming London into a living inferno. This thesis examines the sensescapes of the Blitz, through the diaries and memoirs written of that time. The primary sources consist of seven different diaries, two autobiographies, and four research volumes that contain multiple diary- and memoire entries, mostly from the Mass Observation Archives and from the Imperial War Museum. The sensory approach is a new orientation in the field of history – it studies the five senses in their cultural contexts, interpreting the often subtle ways in which the senses affect into society, politics, culture, and class hierarchies, to name only but few. The subject of the sensory history of war is a theme widely unexamined: this thesis contributes to this frontier field by unveiling the sensorium of the London bombings, comparing the differences between the halves of nychtemeron, and examining how the Blitz was communicated by the writers as a lived, bodily experience. This study reveals the very different sensory worlds in which the Londoners lived, during a time that is often described with the mythical solidarity that was thought to exist between the people. The reality of the homeless, working class, and poor were in the foul smelling tubes, poor law -dated rations, and in the smoking ruins of East End – the contrast was massive reflecting it to the luxury hotels and restaurants of the upper classes, opportunities for evacuation, sheltering possibilities, and overall comforts of life.

“Estudio comparativo de la apreciación y valoración de las pruebas testimonial, pericial y documental en las diferentes etapas procesales en Colombia y Venezuela”

La nueva tendencia socio jurídica se inclina al establecimiento de Estados en los cuales todo esté supeditado a la Ley y se implementen principios y derechos fundamentales en las constituciones políticas, todo lo cual los lleva a que se les denomine Estado democrático y social de derecho. Eso conduce a que en materia jurídico penal se adopte el sistema acusatorio, sustituyendo al inquisitivo que imperó por muchos años. De otra parte, ha surgido la idea de la integración entre los países relacionados histórica, geográfica y culturalmente y ello abarca una comunidad económica, jurídica y política en el ámbito internacional. En este estudio, se analiza comparativamente el tratamiento que legal, doctrinal y jurisprudencialmente se da en países vecinos como Colombia y Venezuela, a las pruebas documental, pericial y testimonial, para apreciar sus diferencias y similitudes. Con esa comparación, se llegó a la conclusión de que en ambos países se adopta el sistema acusatorio, con la abolición del mixto inquisitivo, se sustituye la prueba tarifada por la apreciación según la sana crítica y se incita a un estudio más amplio en otras pruebas y aspectos procesales, llevados, incluso, a otros países del continente. Con todo ello, se pretende abrir una puerta a nuevas investigaciones en ese sentido, para poder comprender cuál es la verdadera tendencia en la América del Sur en materia probatoria penal, para ampliarla a los recursos, incluso Casación y con los aciertos y desaciertos de cada legislación, llevar a hacer perfectible el sistema que verdaderamente garantice los derechos humanos.

Security through Obscurity: Layout Obfuscation of Digital Integrated Circuits using Don't Care Conditions

Contemporary integrated circuits are designed and manufactured in a globalized environment leading to concerns of piracy, overproduction and counterfeiting. One class of techniques to combat these threats is circuit obfuscation which seeks to modify the gate-level (or structural) description of a circuit without affecting its functionality in order to increase the complexity and cost of reverse engineering. Most of the existing circuit obfuscation methods are based on the insertion of additional logic (called “key gates”) or camouflaging existing gates in order to make it difficult for a malicious user to get the complete layout information without extensive computations to determine key-gate values. However, when the netlist or the circuit layout, although camouflaged, is available to the attacker, he/she can use advanced logic analysis and circuit simulation tools and Boolean SAT solvers to reveal the unknown gate-level information without exhaustively trying all the input vectors, thus bringing down the complexity of reverse engineering. To counter this problem, some ‘provably secure’ logic encryption algorithms that emphasize methodical selection of camouflaged gates have been proposed previously in literature [1,2,3]. The contribution of this paper is the creation and simulation of a new layout obfuscation method that uses don't care conditions. We also present proof-of-concept of a new functional or logic obfuscation technique that not only conceals, but modifies the circuit functionality in addition to the gate-level description, and can be implemented automatically during the design process. Our layout obfuscation technique utilizes don’t care conditions (namely, Observability and Satisfiability Don’t Cares) inherent in the circuit to camouflage selected gates and modify sub-circuit functionality while meeting the overall circuit specification. Here, camouflaging or obfuscating a gate means replacing the candidate gate by a 4X1 Multiplexer which can be configured to perform all possible 2-input/ 1-output functions as proposed by Bao et al. [4]. It is important to emphasize that our approach not only obfuscates but alters sub-circuit level functionality in an attempt to make IP piracy difficult. The choice of gates to obfuscate determines the effort required to reverse engineer or brute force the design. As such, we propose a method of camouflaged gate selection based on the intersection of output logic cones. By choosing these candidate gates methodically, the complexity of reverse engineering can be made exponential, thus making it computationally very expensive to determine the true circuit functionality. We propose several heuristic algorithms to maximize the RE complexity based on don’t care based obfuscation and methodical gate selection. Thus, the goal of protecting the design IP from malicious end-users is achieved. It also makes it significantly harder for rogue elements in the supply chain to use, copy or replicate the same design with a different logic. We analyze the reverse engineering complexity by applying our obfuscation algorithm on ISCAS-85 benchmarks. Our experimental results indicate that significant reverse engineering complexity can be achieved at minimal design overhead (average area overhead for the proposed layout obfuscation methods is 5.51% and average delay overhead is about 7.732%). We discuss the strengths and limitations of our approach and suggest directions that may lead to improved logic encryption algorithms in the future. References: [1] R. Chakraborty and S. Bhunia, “HARPOON: An Obfuscation-Based SoC Design Methodology for Hardware Protection,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1493–1502, 2009. [2] J. A. Roy, F. Koushanfar, and I. L. Markov, “EPIC: Ending Piracy of Integrated Circuits,” in 2008 Design, Automation and Test in Europe, 2008, pp. 1069–1074. [3] J. Rajendran, M. Sam, O. Sinanoglu, and R. Karri, “Security Analysis of Integrated Circuit Camouflaging,” ACM Conference on Computer Communications and Security, 2013. [4] Bao Liu, Wang, B., "Embedded reconfigurable logic for ASIC design obfuscation against supply chain attacks,"Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE), 2014 , vol., no., pp.1,6, 24-28 March 2014.

Análisis de las Olimpiadas Nacionales de Química en Costa Rica: alcances y retos para la población joven

La Escuela de Química ha promovido programas y proyectos académicos como las Olimpiadas de Química que estimulen y mejoren el aprendizaje de esta ciencia. Como competencia se identifican estudiantes de alto desempeño escolar y se promueven espacios de autosuperación sana y estimula el pensamiento científico. Después de más de una década de existencia, los datos se han compilado y organizado para analizar estadísticamente los primeros 10 años mediante el programa SPSS 11.5. Este artículo incluye análisis estadísticos para cada una de las ediciones, que incluye variabilidad y  significancia. La información se presenta en forma esquemática, y considera variables como género, ubicación geográfica de las instituciones educativas y modalidad. Se obtuvo una diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres, (T= 2,961, P < 0,03 participación eliminatoria, categoría A) y (T= 3,640, P < 0,00 notas eliminatoria, categoría A). Un patrón similar se obtiene en la modalidad educativa y ubicación geográfica.  Cuantitativamente, se demuestra el interés y entusiasmo creciente por la participación. Ya han pasado más de 10 años, y la Olimpiada de Química en Costa Rica es un programa consolidado, de alta credibilidad a nivel nacional e internacional que delinea futuros científicos en campos vinculados con las ciencias exactas y naturales.

Aproximación al marco jurídico de la libertad económica en Colombia

La libertad económica es uno de los pilares fundamentales del derecho económico colombiano. Como tal, tiene un doble contenido de clara estirpe constitucional. De una parte, la libertad de empresa como fundamento de la actividad particular y de los derechos inherentes a ella, que pueden hacerse valer frente a la intervención del Estado cuando éste pretenda reglamentarla; de otra, la libertad de competencia, entendida como el derecho a emular con otro sin ser discriminado, lo que naturalmente conduce a limitar las condiciones en las cuales las personas públicas pueden participar en la actividad económica sin desnaturalizar la sana competencia.

Sanojen jaksot ja reunattomat tekijät. Ehrenfeuchtin—Silbergerin ongelma.

Ehrenfeuchtin–Silbergerin ongelma kysyy, kuinka pitkä sana voi olla sen pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden pituuden suhteen, ennen kuin sillä on sen lyhimmän jakson pituinen reunaton tekijä. Ongelman ratkaisu on sanan pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden pituudesta riippuva raja, jolle kaikilla ainakin tämän pituisilla sanoilla on välttämättä lyhimmän jakson pituinen reunaton tekijä. Tutkielmassa esitellään tämän ongelman paras tunnettu ratkaisu. Lisäksi tarkastellaan muita ongelmaan läheisesti liittyviä tuloksia. Päälauseena todistetaan paras tunnettu raja pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden suhteen. Todistus on peräisin Štěpán Holubin ja Dirk Nowotkan artikkelista The Ehrenfeucht–Silberger problem (Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A) sekä tämän artikkelin alustavasta versiosta ICALP 2009 -konferenssin proceedings-julkaisussa. Esitetty ratkaisu näytetään vakiotermiä vaille optimaaliseksi vertaamalla sitä parhaaseen tunnettuun esimerkkiin äärettömästä sanajoukosta, jonka jokaisen sanan pisimmät reunattomat tekijät ovat lyhyempiä kuin lyhin jakso ja jonka jokaisen sanan pituus pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden pituuden suhteen on suurin tunnettu. Johdatteluna esitellään perustuloksia sanan jaksoista ja reunattomista tekijöistä sekä esitellään eräitä muita ehtoja sille, milloin sanalla on sen lyhimmän jakson pituinen reunaton tekijä. Toisaalta tarkastellaan myös ongelmaa, joka kysyy vastaavaa rajaa lyhimmän jakson suhteen. Uutena tuloksena parannetaan parasta aiemmin tunnettua rajaa yhtä pienemmäksi, jolloin saatu raja on optimaalinen. Lisäksi todistetaan, mitä muotoa ovat kaikki sanat, joilla ei ole lyhimmän jaksonsa pituista reunatonta tekijää ja jotka ovat lyhimmän jaksonsa suhteen mahdollisimman pitkiä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan kriittistä tekijöihinjakoa, joka liittää sanan lyhimmän jakson sen paikallisiin jaksoihin. Kriittisen tekijöihinjaon lauseesta esitetään eräs todistus. Tämän lisäksi todistetaan päälauseen todistuksessa tarvittava lemma, joka liittyy sanan konjugaatin tekijöihinjaon kriittisyyteen.

Uso da internet no setor de hotelaria de Recife-PE

A Internet é uma tecnologia que revolucionou o mundo, criando novas formas de interação entre pessoas, organizações e negócios. O setor hoteleiro é um segmento que muito tem se beneficiado dos serviços suportados pela Internet. O objetivo do estudo é identificar os diferentes fatores que influenciam ao uso da Internet sob três dimensões: individual, organizacional e ambiental. Um modelo conceitual foi postulado contendo nove variáveis independentes sobre duas variáveis dependentes, relativas ao padrão de uso da Internet. Os dados foram coletados junto a 52 hotéis localizados no litoral do Recife – PE. O resultado da análise inferencial dos dados mostrou um padrão diferenciado de uso da Internet nos hotéis de pequeno, médio e grande porte e como os fatores acima descritos podem ser mais bem explorados a fim de se atingir um eficiente padrão de uso, aumentando suas posições competitivas. Baseadas na análise e resultados obtidos do estudo, são esboçadas algumas recomendações e implicações para futuras pesquisas. ABSTRACT:The Internet technology has revolutionized the world, creating new forms of interaction among people, organizations and businesses. The hotel sector has reaped many benefits from services supported by the Internet. The object of this study is to explore different factors that influence the adoption of the Internet in three areas: individual, organizational and environment. A conceptual framework was advanced containing nine independent variables and two dependent variables related to the usage of the Internet. Data was collected from 52 hotels located along the coast of Recife, PE, Brazil. Analysis of the data has demonstrated the Internet use in small, medium and large size hotels. Some attributes of the Internet usage could be better utilized by owners and managers in order to achieve a more efficient pattern of use, improving their competitive position. Based on the findings obtained from the study, some recommendations and implications for future research are advanced

Avaliação de características que influenciam nos votos de utilidade de opiniões sobre serviços em português

The large number of opinions generated by online users made the former “word of mouth” find its way to virtual world. In addition to be numerous, many of the useful reviews are mixed with a large number of fraudulent, incomplete or duplicate reviews. However, how to find the features that influence on the number of votes received by an opinion and find useful reviews? The literature on opinion mining has several studies and techniques that are able to analyze of properties found in the text of reviews. This paper presents the application of a methodology for evaluation of usefulness of opinions with the aim of identifying which characteristics have more influence on the amount of votes: basic utility (e.g. ratings about the product and/or service, date of publication), textual (e.g.size of words, paragraphs) and semantics (e.g., the meaning of the words of the text). The evaluation was performed in a database extracted from TripAdvisor with opinionsabout hotels written in Portuguese. Results show that users give more attention to recent opinions with higher scores for value and location of the hotel and with lowest scores for sleep quality and service and cleanliness. Texts with positive opinions, small words, few adjectives and adverbs increase the chances of receiving more votes.

Sanojen jaksot ja reunattomat tekijät. Ehrenfeuchtin—Silbergerin ongelma

Ehrenfeuchtin–Silbergerin ongelma kysyy, kuinka pitkä sana voi olla sen pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden pituuden suhteen, ennen kuin sillä on sen lyhimmän jakson pituinen reunaton tekijä. Ongelman ratkaisu on sanan pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden pituudesta riippuva raja, jolle kaikilla ainakin tämän pituisilla sanoilla on välttämättä lyhimmän jakson pituinen reunaton tekijä. Tutkielmassa esitellään tämän ongelman paras tunnettu ratkaisu. Lisäksi tarkastellaan muita ongelmaan läheisesti liittyviä tuloksia. Päälauseena todistetaan paras tunnettu raja pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden suhteen. Todistus on peräisin Štěpán Holubin ja Dirk Nowotkan artikkelista The Ehrenfeucht–Silberger problem (Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A) sekä tämän artikkelin alustavasta versiosta ICALP 2009 -konferenssin proceedings-julkaisussa. Esitetty ratkaisu näytetään vakiotermiä vaille optimaaliseksi vertaamalla sitä parhaaseen tunnettuun esimerkkiin äärettömästä sanajoukosta, jonka jokaisen sanan pisimmät reunattomat tekijät ovat lyhyempiä kuin lyhin jakso ja jonka jokaisen sanan pituus pisimpien reunattomien tekijöiden pituuden suhteen on suurin tunnettu. Johdatteluna esitellään perustuloksia sanan jaksoista ja reunattomista tekijöistä sekä esitellään eräitä muita ehtoja sille, milloin sanalla on sen lyhimmän jakson pituinen reunaton tekijä. Toisaalta tarkastellaan myös ongelmaa, joka kysyy vastaavaa rajaa lyhimmän jakson suhteen. Uutena tuloksena parannetaan parasta aiemmin tunnettua rajaa yhtä pienemmäksi, jolloin saatu raja on optimaalinen. Lisäksi todistetaan, mitä muotoa ovat kaikki sanat, joilla ei ole lyhimmän jaksonsa pituista reunatonta tekijää ja jotka ovat lyhimmän jaksonsa suhteen mahdollisimman pitkiä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan kriittistä tekijöihinjakoa, joka liittää sanan lyhimmän jakson sen paikallisiin jaksoihin. Kriittisen tekijöihinjaon lauseesta esitetään eräs todistus. Tämän lisäksi todistetaan päälauseen todistuksessa tarvittava lemma, joka liittyy sanan konjugaatin tekijöihinjaon kriittisyyteen.

Influência de variáveis arquitetônicas no desempenho energético de hotéis no clima quente e úmido da cidade de Natal/RN

This master thesis aims to assess the influence of the design decisions on the energy building performance of hotels. The research is based on the integration of field study and computer simulation. Firstly, a detailed field study is carried out to identify the characteristics of hotels in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The items assessed are occupancies, light and equipment densities, types of air conditioning, total and monthly energy consumption, among others. A second and more comprehensive field study is carried out to identify the range of occurrence of architectural variables, with a larger number of buildings. A base case is modelled in VisualDOE, based on the first field study. Then, a first set of simulations are run to explore the sensitivity of the variables on the energy consumption. The results analyses were the base of a second set of simulations, which combined the most influential variables. The results of 384 models were assessed, and the impacts of design decisions were quantified. The study discusses tendencies and recommendations, as well as the methods advantages and disadvantages

Beebe House

The Beebe House was one of the first hotels built on South Bass Island. Constructed in the 1860s, it was expanded by Henry Beebe in 1869. Situated on Main Street in Put-in-Bay, the hotel accommodated 400 guests. It housed a billiard room, bowling alley, and dance hall. Rates were $14,00 per week and $2.50 per day. Servants and children were half price.

Novas abordagens à visualização e interacção com dados turísticos

Com o forte crescimento tecnológico tem-se verificado, cada vez mais, o crescente aumento de Web sites, voltados para o contacto directo com o consumidor, onde é possível procurar, escolher e adquirir um determinado produto I serviço directamente ao fornecedor. As plataformas de suporte à pesquisa de produtos de turismo possibilitam a entrega de um grande volume de dados mediante a pesquisa efectuada. Esta informação é, na sua maior parte, informação textual e é geralmente disponibilizada ao utilizador (via uma página Web) sob a forma de uma listagem ou tabela. Este trabalho incide então sobre a proposta e implementação de um conjunto de interfaces com elevada ergonomia, que permitam uma interacção simples e intuitiva entre o utilizador e os dados de turismo, mais concretamente com reservas de aviação e hotel. Para este propósito foi desenvolvida uma Rich Internet Application que permite ao utilizador o ajuste de determinados factores, que influenciam estes produtos de turismo, de modo a encontrar com maior facilidade o que mais se enquadra nos seus gostos I objectivos no vasto conjunto de resultados da pesquisa. ABSTRACT; With the constant growth of information technology tools we have witnessed increase in the number of web Sites aimed to direct contact with the consumer, where users can search, select and purchase a product/service directly to the supplier. The platforms that support the search for tourism data enable the delivery of a large volume of data, as a result of the search that was done. This information is mostly textual and is, in general available to the user (via a web page) in a form of a large list or table. This work focuses on a proposal and implementation of a set of interfaces with high ergonomics. allowing a simple and intuitive interaction between the user and the tourism data, more specifically with air fares and hotels reservations. For this purpose was developed an Rich Internet Application that allows the user to adjust some factors that influence the tourism products, in order to more accurately find what fits their tastes objectives in the wide range of search results.