995 resultados para Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Carnaval Séc. XX
Resumo:
Assuming that the IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) changes at a constant rate of 3.2 years, this methodology was applied to demonstrate, for the first time, variant patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in multiple isolates obtained at short time intervals from sputum and blood of an HIV+ patient with multiple admissions to the Emergency Room and to the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Reference Center of a secondary-care hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In sputum, the IS6110-RFLP appeared in isolates with two variant patterns with 10 and 13 IS6110 copies. However, blood presented only the pattern corresponding to 10 copies, suggesting compartmentalization. With regard to the exact match of 10 of 13 bands, this may be a subpopulation with the same clonal origin and this may be related to the IS6110 transposition. A susceptibility test demonstrated an MDR profile (INH R, RIF R, SM R, and EMB R), with the sputum isolate also exhibiting EMB S (R = resistant; S = sensitive). A gene mutation confirmed resistance only to streptomycin. There was agreement between the results of the phenotypic test and the clinical response to MDR-TB treatment, suggesting serious implications with regard to treatment administration based exclusively on molecular methods, and calling attention to the fact that more effective control strategies against the emergence of MDR strains must be implemented by the TB control program to prevent transmission of MDR-MTB strains at health facilities in areas highly endemic for TB.
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Serologic data on diseases that are preventable by vaccines are necessary to evaluate the success of immunization programs and to identify susceptible subgroups. In the present study, we determined serum IgG levels against diphtheria toxin of military and civilian blood donors (N = 75; 69.3% males and 30.7% females) aged 18-64 years, from the Brazilian Army Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, using a commercial diphtheria kit (Diphtheria IgG ELISA; IBL, Germany). Most (63%) unprotected military donors were from the older age group of 41 to 64 years. In contrast, the majority (71%) of young military donors (18 to 30 years) were fully protected. About half of the military donors aged 31 to 40 years were protected against diphtheria. Among the civilians, about 50% of persons aged 18 to 30 years and 31 to 40 years had protective antibody levels against diphtheria as also did 64% of individuals aged 41 to 64 years. All civilians had a similar antibody response (geometric mean = 0.55 IU/mL) independent of age group. Military donors aged 18-30 years had higher IgG levels (geometric mean = 0.82 IU/mL) than military donors of 41-64 years (geometric mean = 0.51 IU/mL; P > 0.05). In conclusion, the existence of a considerable proportion of susceptible adults supports the position that reliable data on the immune status of the population should be maintained routinely and emphasizes the importance of adequate immunization during adulthood.
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Cervical cancer is a major source of illness and death among women worldwide and genital infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) its principal cause. There is evidence of the influence of the male factor in the development of cervical neoplasia. Nevertheless, the pathogenic processes of HPV in men are still poorly understood. It has been observed that different HPV types can be found among couples. The objective of the present study was to investigate HPV infections in female patients (n = 60 females/group) as well as in their sexual partners and to identify the concordance of HPV genotypes among them. By using the polymerase chain reaction, we detected a 95% prevalence of HPV DNA in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) compared to 18.3% in women with normal cervical epithelium, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The HPV DNA prevalence was 50% in male partners of women with CIN and 16.6% in partners of healthy women. In the control group (healthy women), only 9 couples were simultaneously infected with HPV, and only 22.2% of them had the same virus type, showing a weak agreement rate (kappa index = 0.2). Finally, we observed that HPV DNA was present in both partners in 30 couples if the women had CIN, and among them, 53.3% shared the same HPV type, showing moderate agreement, with a kappa index of 0.5. This finding supports the idea of circulation and recirculation of HPV among couples, perpetuating HPV in the sexually active population, rather than true recurrences of latent infections.
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A manteiga um produto gorduroso onde a fase aquosa est dispersa na fase oleosa formando emulso do tipo gua/leo. As anlises fsicas e qumicas revelam se a fase oleosa apresenta alteraes decorrentes de hidrlise, rancificao ou adulterao. A adio de outras gorduras na manteiga provoca alteraes em seus ndices fsicos e qumicos. Para avaliar a qualidade de manteigas tipo extra com sal comercializadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, cinco marcas nacionais e duas importadas, totalizando 66 amostras, foram submetidas s anlises de acidez, ndice de perxidos, ndice de iodo, teor de umidade, teor de cloreto de sdio e composio em cidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa de alta resoluo. A acidez das amostras variou de 0,76 a 2,03 ml SN%; o ndice de perxidos de 0,15 a 3,82 meq perxidos/kg gordura; o ndice de iodo de 20,76 a 53,46 g I2/100g gordura; o teor de umidade de 11,3 a 20,3%; o teor de cloreto de sdio de 0,14 a 2,21%; a composio em % dos principais cidos graxos foi C14:0 (9,7-12,1%); C16:0 (22,0-26,1%; C18:0 (9,6-11,7%) e C18:1 (21,9-24,2%. Os resultados das amostras foram comparados com o RIISPOA (1952) e com a Portaria n0. 146/96 do MAARA. Todas as amostras analisadas estavam com a acidez dentro dos padres; 85,5% estavam com ndice de perxidos acima do permitido; 15,2% estavam fora dos limites de ndice de iodo; 34,8% estavam com excesso de umidade e 7,5% estavam com o teor de cloreto de sdio acima do permitido. A composio em cidos graxos estava dentro dos padres.
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No presente trabalho, estudou-se o nvel de mercrio em atum slido enlatado, comercializado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisadas 39 amostras, pertencente a 5 marcas e lotes distintos, utilizando-se a espectrometria de absoro atmica pela tcnica de vapor-frio. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que 53% das amostras apresentaram um teor acima do mximo recomendado, sendo que somente uma entre as cinco marcas estudadas apresentou todas as amostras com nveis dentro dos limites tolerados. Tais resultados demonstram a necessidade de um maior controle da qualidade destes produtos.
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Coffee is one of the most appreciated drinks in the world. Coffee ground is obtained from the fruit of a small plant that belongs to the genus Coffea. Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora robusta are the two most commercially important species. They are more commonly known as arabica and robusta, respectively. Two-thirds of Coffea arabica plants are grown in South and Central America, and Eastern Africa - the place of origin for this coffee species. Contamination by microorganisms has been a major matter affecting coffee quality in Brazil, mainly due to the harvesting method adopted. Brazilian harvests are based on fruits collected from the ground mixed with those that fall on collection cloths. As the Bacillus cereus bacterium frequently uses the soil as its environmental reservoir, it is easily capable of becoming a contaminant. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination and potential of B. cereus enterotoxin genes encoding the HBL and NHE complexes, which were observed in strains of ground and roasted coffee samples sold in Rio de Janeiro. The PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) results revealed high potential of enterotoxin production in the samples. The method described by Speck (1984) was used for the isolation of contaminants. The investigation of the potential production of enterotoxins through isolates of the microorganism was performed using the B. cereus enterotoxin Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination test-kit (BCET-RPLA, Oxoid), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The potential of enterotoxin production was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for hblA, hblD and hblC genes (encoding hemolysin HBL) and for nheA, nheB and nheC genes (encoding non-hemolytic enterotoxin - NHE). Of all the 17 strains, 100% were positive for at least 1 enterotoxin gene; 52.9% (9/17) were positive for the 3 genes encoding the HBL complex; 35.3% (6/17) were positive for the three NHE encoding genes; and 29.4% (5/17) were positive for all enterotoxic genes.
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Ce mmoire interroge lhistoire, larticulation pratique et les effets de ce que lon appelle actuellement au Brsil lurbanisation intgratrice, un type dintervention tatique dans les favelas (bidonvilles) de Rio de Janeiro. Il sagit dune nime tentative de rgler le problme de la favela, consistant en lurbanisation de son territoire (insertion dinfrastructure publique, consolidation du cadre bti) et la lgalisation de son statut et de ses pratiques (octroi de droits de proprit foncire et insertion de rglementation publique). Officiellement, cest une manire de mettre fin lexclusion dont les populations faveladas sont victimes depuis lapparition des favelas Rio. Lanalyse est faite partir de ltude du PAC-Favelas, un programme du gouvernement fdral lanc en 2008, et son application dans la favela Rocinha. Il est propos de considrer lurbanisation intgratrice en tant que dispositif sécuritaire ou biopolitique, cest--dire en tant quappareil de gouvernement de la population locale. travers le projet, on planifie de formaliser les conduites, daccrotre la circulation des ressources, de transformer les perceptions des rsidents, de contenir les excs et les risques associs la favela et de tendre vers la prise en charge entirement planifie en un mot, dassurer le passage vers lintervention permanente. Concrtement, cela revient pour ltat procder une slection, par des moyens lgitims ou indirects (le plan, la loi, le march), des individus et des pratiques dsormais admissibles sur le territoire. Lespace se rarfie, le contrle augmente et les prix montent : ne peut demeurer que celui qui a dj atteint un certain niveau de stabilit, relguant les plus prcaires devoir progressivement quitter le territoire. Urbaniser la Rocinha, cest un peu forcer son embourgeoisement en la rendant enfin sécurise, civilise et rentable.
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Ce projet de matrise porte sur linteraction entre les acteurs locaux lis la musique populaire et ladministration publique dans le cadre du projet public-priv de ramnagement du port de Rio de Janeiro intitul Porto Maravilha. Le travail de recherche sest ax sur lide que cette interaction serait essentiellement fonde sur la faon dont la culture est comprise et utilise comme ressource capable dajouter de la valeur lespace urbain, diffrencier les groupes entre eux et apporter une sustentation au processus dautonomisation et de lgitimation des acteurs. De nouveaux paradigmes urbanistiques, tel celui de ville crative (Landry, 2005), proposent dintgrer la culture locale dans llaboration et lexcution des projets avec la participation dartistes qui sont perus comme une source de crativit fondamentale pour rendre la ville plus comptitive dans un monde devenu de plus en plus urbain. Dans cette veine, le projet Porto Maravilha sinspire franchement des cas de succs de rnovation urbaine crative, stimulant la culture locale et idalisant le port de Rio comme une nouvelle carte postale du Brsil. En partant de la constatation que les acteurs sociaux locaux identifient le potentiel de leurs activits culturelles comme une ressource importante dans ce contexte, nous analysons tout autant les stratgies et les discours labors que les ressources dont ils disposent afin daffirmer leur agentivit. Au-del de laction intentionnelle, nous effectuons galement des analyses de leurs pratiques culturelles au quotidien en recherchant les lments qui les constituent. Nous questionnons, par ailleurs, la manire avec laquelle les administrateurs du projet comprennent ces activits musicales et comment ils grent les demandes sociales et les contributions cratives de ces groupes.
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Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n
Resumo:
One of the main stated objectives of the Favela Bairro program was to allow squatter settlements to become part of the formal city. The focus of the study is to assess how different project solutions in the Favela Bairro program have used urban design tools to achieve this objective. A subsequent question concerns the extent to which urban design factors helped to improve the social integration of the settlements, and specifically to overcome poverty and exclusion conditions.This bring us to a another group of problems related to indicators to measure the attainment of these objectives from four perspectives: Spatial, Social, Economical and Political (citizenship and participation)This analysis highlights the major difficulties confronted by the design teams, and allows pinpointing the positive and negative impacts of the interventions on the communities and the city
Resumo:
Para o comum das pessoas a HISTRIA LOCAL foi durante muito tempo uma recoleco de memrias e de factos centrada num microcosmos que tomava corpo naquilo a que se chamou a MONOGRAFIA.A verdade que para muitos a HISTRIA LOCAL continua, ainda hoje, quase exclusivamente associada produo das MONOGRAFIAS LOCAIS.A elaborao e a existncia dessas obras, que em si mesmas no constituem nenhum mal (e eu, por exemplo, devo confessar que sou um grande consumidor delas - j por necessidade, j tambm por gosto) mas h que reconhec-lo que atraram h umas dcadas atrs sobre a Histria Local o descrdito.Com efeito, tratava-se na generalidade dos casos, daquilo que o mundo acadmico veio a designar depreciativamente por micro-histria no que diz respeito ao mbito e ao alcance de tais obras.Mas, porventura, mais grave ainda do que isso, ocorre em grande parte dessas monografias que elas no revelam qualquer indcio do domnio duma perspectiva epistemolgica no que respeita historiografia; nem remetem para o uso das normas mais elementares da metodologia com que se h de reconstituir e escrever a HISTRIA dos Homens.
Resumo:
O cncer de mama um dos cnceres mais comuns a nvel mundial e no Brasil. O cncer de mama no comum em mulheres jovens (menor que 36 anos) porm tem um prognstico ruim e uma pobre sobrevida. O objetivo deste estudo verificar fatores de risco e sobrevida em mulheres jovens diagnosticadas com cncer de mama em um centro de referncia oncolgica em cncer na cidade de Rio de Janeiro. Mulheres com menos de 36 anos de idade com diagnstico histopatolgico de cncer de mama no Instituto Nacional de Cncer entre 01/01/1999 e 31/12/2006 foram selecionadas para o estudo. (...)
Resumo:
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a dinmica trabalho e sade na atividade dosbombeiros militares de uma Corporao na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Como foco deinvestigao privilegiamos as narrativas relativas ao cotidiano dos trabalhadores, levandoem considerao o cenrio encontrado na ocasio da pesquisa. Para marco tericoconceitualforam selecionados os aportes da psicodinmica do trabalho, da ergologia, daclnica da atividade e da psicossociologia. A perspectiva metodolgica foi situada nombito da pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratria. Utilizamos a abordagem dashistrias de vida, guiada por um roteiro, juntamente com a aplicao de um pequenoquestionrio, o qual registrou alguns dados mais objetivos. Os sujeitos da pesquisacompuseram um grupo de 20 (vinte) bombeiros de diversas patentes militares. A anlisedos resultados foi organizada em trs grandes sees com os seus respectivosdesdobramentos 1) Contextualizao do cenrio de atividade; 2) Narrativasprofissionais de trs bombeiros militares e por ltimo 3) A realidade de ser bombeiro.A aproximao do cenrio, vivido pelos bombeiros militares, permitiu o exame dassituaes que foram vivenciadas em um momento de tenso no campo das negociaespor direito sade e ao trabalho. Em funo desta pauta, analisamos os depoimentos dostrabalhadores luz do marco terico conceitual proposto e neste mesmo percurso foipossvel fazer emergir os aspectos que, em decorrncia da natureza da atividade, exercemimpactos na sade dos profissionais. Por tratar de uma atividade cujo principal objetivo salvar vidas e bens, os profissionais trabalham sob um clima de tenso e risco prpriavida. Contudo, conclumos diante dos resultados do estudo que, embora os bombeirosmilitares estabeleam correlaes entre o trabalho e a sade, a categoria ainda no possuidispositivos coletivos para minimizar os efeitos deletrios da prtica de trabalhoconstitudos desta relao.
