CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA GEOMORFOLOGIA AMBIENTAL PARA O PLANEJAMENTO E MANEJO DE TRILHAS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO

Entre os principais atrativos das áreas naturais protegidas, em especial os parques, estão às trilhas, interpretativas ou não, elas são muito utilizadas pelos visitantes e merecem atenção por parte dos administradores no que se refere a sua implantação, manejo e conservação. Contudo, planejar e implantar uma trilha em unidades de conservação requer cuidados, desde a escolha do local, avaliando seus atributos físicos e cênicos até o manejo permanente. A contribuição da Geomorfologia Ambiental vem ao encontro dessas necessidades, no sentido de criar e valorizar os atributos de uma trilha e a conservação ambiental. O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a trilha principal do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, a Trilha das Perobas e das Figueiras, considerando seus aspectos geomorfológicos, tanto no que se referem as suas formas do relevo, quanto aos atributos paisagísticos, cenários e visuais. Através da observação em campo, documentação fotográfica e o uso do GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), se pode demarcar e registrar os aspectos visuais e físicos da trilha. O levantamento bibliográfico referente ao tema forneceu suporte teórico para análise dos resultados e o uso de software ArcGis foi utilizado para representar a área estudada. A conservação desse parque é de extrema importância, sendo considerada uma das mais importantes unidades de conservação do estado do Paraná, Brasil.

VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇO AMBIENTAL PRESTADO POR UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO NO ABATIMENTO DE EROSÃO: UM ENSAIO METODOLÓGICO

A lei brasileira para Áreas Protegidas (AP) prevê remuneração àquelas AP que protejam manancial cuja água seja explorada por empresas de abastecimento público. Não há, porém, uma metodologia para avaliar o valor dessa remuneração. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica para calcular a economia nos gastos do tratamento da água devido ao abatimento de erosão promovido pela conservação da cobertura vegetal da AP a montante. Esse cômputo baseia-se na diferença do potencial erosivo entre um cenário com AP (I) e outro sem AP (II). A diferença de potencial erosivo indicou a turbidez da água e conseqüentemente o gasto com o agente coagulador usado na estação de tratamento. Essa abordagem foi aplicada no Córrego da Barriguda que abastece a cidade de Pirenópolis (Goiás, Brasil). O potencial erosivo foi computado em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas usando os fatores de cobertura do solo da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo, que tiveram uma diferença de 287,12% entre os cenários. Esse contraste indicou um aumento na turbidez da água e na dosagem do coagulante. Concluiu-se que a proteção da AP resulta em economia de 64,12% no gasto calculado em relação ao cenário II, sendo esse o valor do serviço ambiental.

Biodiversidade na Amazônia: por uma abordagem regional das unidades de conservação.

2001

Restauração de florestas exploradas seletivamente no Acre.

Por meio de técnicas de restauração, florestas exauridas podem ser conduzidas de maneira a minimizar os efeitos da exploração seletiva que as modificaram. O plantio de mudas é um método rápido e eficaz de restauração de florestas. Este trabalho objetiva descrever os resultados de plantios de enriquecimento de florestas de produção nos municípios de Xapuri, Brasiléia e Rio Branco, no estado do Acre. Foram utilizadas dez espécies florestais madeireiras comerciais: amarelão (Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC.), angelim (Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms), cedro (Cedrela odorata L.), cerejeira (Amburana acreana (Ducke) A. C. Sm.), freijó (Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken), ipê (Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson), itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. ex Mez), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.), mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King) e timbaúba (Enterolobium maximum Ducke). Os plantios foram entre outubro/2011 a março/2012, totalizando 1273 mudas. Os tratamentos silviculturais de condução e o monitoramento foram nos anos de 2012, 2013, 2014 e 2015. Após 48 meses ao plantio, a taxa média de sobrevivência foi de 42,3%, altura total média de 1,52 m e diâmetro médio de 1,88 cm. As espécies com os melhores desempenhos com relação a crescimento e sobrevivência foram cerejeira, cedro, freijó, jatobá, mogno e timbaúba.

Mapeamento de áreas suscetíveis a ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Estadual da Lapa Grande em Montes Claros-MG, com o uso de sistema de informação geográfica.

Os incêndios em unidades de conservação causa graves danos ao desenvolvimento social e econômico e aos serviços ecossistêmicos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear, com o uso de sistema de informação geográfica - SIG, áreas suscetíveis a ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para isto, foi elaborado a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação - MDE do Projeto TOPODATA, a altitude, declividade, orientação e curvatura de vertentes, radiação solar e cobertura vegetal, totalizando seis variáveis, as quais foram cruzadas, gerando assim, um mapa de suscetibilidade a ocorrência de incêndios em ambiente SIG. Verificou-se que as variáveis e os respectivos coeficientes que mais influenciaram foram a radiação solar, a curvatura das encostas, orientação das encostas e a cobertura vegetal, elevando a suscetibilidade ao nível muito alto e extremo. Conclui-se que o mapeamento da suscetibilidade a ocorrência a incêndios pode ser instrumento de auxílio à elaboração de planejamento e estratégias de combate aos incêndios na zona de amortecimento e no próprio parque.

Lista de espécies arborescentes e arbóreas para restauração ecológica de formações florestais no bioma Pampa.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo sistematizar informações sobre espécies arbóreas e arborescentes nativas indicadas para restauração ecológica de formações florestais no bioma Pampa.

Levantamento e características ecológicas de orchidacea e da mata ciliar do rio dourados, Dourados-MS

The Orchidaceae is one of the largest flowering plants family and with a great importance to conservation. However, no survey on orchid flowers can be found in Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the objective of this work was to make a survey of the Orchidaceae species and of its ecology features in a riparian forest in a fragment of Floresta Estacional Semi-Decidual that belongs to the riparian forest of the Dourados River. The inventory was made by using a sweeping method for collection, and in addition to this the vertical and horizontal position of epiphytes were assessed on the hosts. For characterization of microclimate, it was used a thermohygrometer and luximeter. It was identified 17 species of 13 genera. Of the listed genera, the most abundant ones were: Acianthera, Macradenia and Capanemia. It was also noted a vertical and horizontal distribution of the Orchidaceae in relation to inverse gradient of water and light availability. Some species tended to be sensitive to height level categorization, whereas others seemed to occur with similar frequency along the host. In relation to the cardinal orientation, the apparent preferential response for south and east directions was associated to the low sampling effort and lower water availability, which could occur because the north face is opposed to the water body.

Condutividade e difusividade térmica do figo (Ficus carica L.) Roxo de Valinhos

The post harvest cooling and/or freezing processes for horticultural products have been carried out with the objective of removing the heat from these products, allowing them a bigger period of conservation. Therefore, the knowledge of the physical properties that involve heat transference in the fig fruit Roxo de Valinhos is useful for calculating projects and systems of food engineering in general, as well as, for using in equations of thermodynamic mathematical models. The values of conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the whole fig fruit-rami index were determined, and from these values it was determined the value of the specific heat. For these determination it was used the transient method of the Line Heat Source. The results shown that the fig fruit has a thermal conductivity of 0.52 W m-1°C, thermal diffusivity of 1.56 x 10-7 m² s-1, pulp density of 815.6 kg m-3 and specific heat of 4.07 kJ kg-1 °C.

Proposta de mecanismo de lavagem em equipamentos de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa

The cleanness level in fresh market tomatoes cleaning equipment is essential for consumer acceptance and conservation of product quality. However, the washing process in cleaning current equipments demands an excessive volume of water, leading to serious economic and environmental concerns. The objective of this work was to contribute with technical information for the washing system optimization. The conventional washing system currently used in cleaning equipment, which consists of perforated PVC pipes, was compared with a proposed system which uses commercial sprays. Characteristic curves (flow rate versus pressure) for both systems were determined in lab conditions and the respective water consumptions were compared. The results confirmed the excess of water consumption in the conventional washing systems, and the proposed system proved that is possible to reduce it, and the use of sprays allowed the rational use of the water.

Análise de aspectos socioeconômicos e tecnológicos da agropecuária na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi Guaçu

Currently, owing to the occurrence of environmental problems, along with the need of environmental preservation, both the territory management of Hydrographic Basin and the conservation of natural resources have proven to have remarkable importance. Thus, the mean goal of the research is to raise and scrutinize social-economic and technologic data from the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin (São Paulo, Brazil). The aim is to group municipalities with similar characteristics regarding the collected data, which may direct joint actions in the Hydrographic Basin Management. There were used both the methods of factorial analysis and automatic hierarchical classifications. Additionally, there is going to be applied a Geographical Information System to represent the outcomes of the methods aforementioned, through the evolvement of a geo-referenced database, which will allow the obtainment of information categorically distributed including theme maps of interest. The main characteristics adopted to group the municipalities were: agricultural area, sugar cane production, small farms, animal production, number of agriculture machinery and equipments and agricultural income. The methodology adopted in the Mogi Guaçu River Hydrographic Basin will be analyzed vis-à-vis its appropriateness on basin management, as well as the possibility of assisting the studies on behalf of the São Paulo Hydrographic Basin groups, to regional development.

Qualidade pós-colheita de caqui 'fuyu' com utilização de diferentes concentrações de cobertura comestível

One of the main objectives of applying edible coatings on fruits surface is to create a protective film to reduce weight loss due to evaporation and transpiration and also to decrease the risk of fruit rot caused by environmental contamination, in order to improve the visual aspect. Therefore, it is possible to increase shelf life, and decrease post harvest losses. Persimmon is a much appreciated fruit, with high potential for export, but sensitive to handling and storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying the edible coating Megh Wax ECF-124 (18% of active composts, consisting of emulsion of carnauba wax, anionic surfactant, preservative and water) produced by Megh Industry and Commerce Ltda in three different concentrations (25, 50 and 100%) on post harvest quality of 'Fuyu' persimmon stored for 14 days. The attributes evaluated for quality were: firmness, pH, acidity, soluble solids, weight loss and color. The results showed that application of carnauba wax in different concentrations was effective on decreasing weight loss of persimmon cv. Fuyu and maintenance of color aspects. Treatment at lower concentration, 25%, showed lower rate of discharge, but high concentrations showed lower values of mass loss. Carnauba wax application showed a high potential for use on postharvest conservation, and can be applied together with other technologies, helping to maintain quality for export.

Efeito cariostático de restaurações adesivas em superfícies radiculares: estudo in vitro

Dental materials that release fluoride have been shown to be effective in caries inhibition around restorations. Adhesive materials would also be effective in caries inhibition by sealing and protecting cavity margins from acidic demineralization. This in vitro study tested the hypothesis that composite restorations with a dentin adhesive system have a caries preventive effect similar to that of an adhesive material with fluoride - glass-ionomer cement - on root surfaces. Twenty roots from extracted sound third molars were embedded in polystyrene resin and ground flat. Standardized cavities were prepared in leveled root surfaces and randomly restored with (a) Chelon-Fil (Espe) or (b) Z100/SingleBond (3M). Baseline indentations were measured at 100, 200 and 300 mum from the occlusal margins of each restoration and the surface microhardness values were obtained using a Knoop diamond indenter. A 2.0 mm wide margin around the restorations was submitted to a pH-cycling model, at 37ºC. After that, surface microhardness was measured again, as it was before. The differences between baseline and final surface microhardness were considered for statistical analysis. The median values of differences were (a): -3.8; -0.3; -1.0; and (b): 3.3; 2.5; 1.7, for the distances of 100, 200 and 300 mum, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test did not show statistically significant difference between 100, 200 and 300 mum distances in each tested group. There was no difference between the studied materials at the distances of 200 and 300 mum. Chelon-Fil was statistically different from Z100/SingleBond, at 100 mum (p<0.05). Under the studied conditions, the glass-ionomer cement had a higher caries preventive effect than the composite/dentin adhesive restorations.

Suplementação com caldo de cana de açucar comparado com outros carboidratos na reposição do glicogenio e cinetica de biomarcadores pos-exercicio agudo em ratos

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Diagnosis and root canal treatment in a mandibular premolar with three canals

This paper presents a case report of a left mandibular second premolar with three canals and three different apical foramina. A 39-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with pain in the mandibular left second premolar. Initially, pain was caused by cold stimulus and later was spontaneously. The intraoral clinical examination revealed a fractured amalgam restoration with occlusal caries. Percussion and cold (Endo-Frost) tests were positive. The radiographic examination showed the presence of two roots. The probable diagnosis was an acute pulpitis. After access cavity, it was observed remaining roof of the pulp chamber and mild bleeding in the tooth lingual area, indicating the possible presence of a third canal. The endodontic treatment was completed in a single session using Root ZX apex locator and K3 NiTi rotary system with surgical diameter corresponding to a .02/45 file in the three canals and irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite. The canals were obtured with gutta-percha cones and Sealer 26 using the lateral condensation technique. After 1 year of follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic and periapical repair was observed radiographically. Internal alterations should be considered during the endodontic treatment of mandibular second premolars. The correct diagnosis of these alterations by the analysis of preoperative radiographs can help the location of two or more canals, thereby avoiding root therapy failure.

Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. A total of 1,372 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed based on the quality of root filling, status of coronal restoration and presence of posts associated with apical periodontitis (AP). Data were analyzed statistically using odds ratio, confidence intervals and chi-square test. The prevalence of AP with adequate endodontic treatment was low (16.5%). This percentage dropped to 12.1% in cases with adequate root filling and adequate coronal restoration. Teeth with adequate endodontic treatment and poor coronal restoration had an AP prevalence of 27.9%. AP increased to 71.7% in teeth with poor endodontic treatment associated with poor coronal restoration. When poor endodontic treatment was combined with adequate coronal restoration, AP prevalence was 61.8%. The prevalence of AP was low when associated with high technical quality of root canal treatment. Poor coronal restoration increased the risk of AP even when endodontic treatment was adequate (OR=2.80; 95%CI=1.87-4.22). The presence of intracanal posts had no influence on AP prevalence.