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Public Monitoring with Uncertainty in the Time Repetitions

This paper study repeated games where the time repetitions of the stage game are not known or controlled by the players. We call this feature random monitoring. Kawamori's (2004) shows that perfect random monitoring is always better than the canonical case. Surprisingly, when the monitoring is public, the result is less clear-cut and does not generalize in a straightforward way. Unless the public signals are sufficiently informative about player's actions and/or players are patient enough. In addition to a discount effect, that tends to consistently favor the provision of incentives, we found an information effect, associated with the time uncertainty on the distribution of public signals. Whether payoff improvements are or not possible, depends crucially on the direction and strength of these effects. JEL: C73, D82, D86. KEYWORDS: Repeated Games, Frequent Monitoring, Random Public Monitoring, Moral Hazard, Stochastic Processes.

Causeway HSS Trust - Public Health Practice Development Pilot Report (PDF 257 KB)

Final Causeway HSS Trust Report on its Public Health Practice Development Pilot, part of the Department's redesign of community nursing project

Development of Public Health Nursing within Public Health Nursing in the Poleglass Twinbrook and Lagmore Areas of Down Lisburn Trust (PDF 424 KB)

Project evaluation report on the development of public health nursing within children's services in areas of Down Lisburn Trust. Part of the Department's redesign of community nursing project

Appropriateness of methadone maintenance treatment for opiate addiction: evaluation by an expert panel.

With some 30,000 dependent persons, opiate addiction constitutes a major public health problem in Switzerland. The Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) has long played a leading role in the prevention and treatment of opiate addiction and in research on effective means of containing the epidemic of opiate addiction and its consequences. Major milestones on that path have been the successive "Methadone reports" published by that Office and providing guidance on the care of opiate addiction with substitution treatment. In view of updating the recommendations for the appropriateness of substitution treatment for opiate addiction, in particular for the prescription of methadone, the FOPH commissioned a multi-component project involving the following elements. A survey of current attitudes and practices in Switzerland related to opiate substitution treatment Review of Swiss literature on methadone substitution treatment Review of international literature on methadone substitution treatment National Methadone Substitution Conference Multidisciplinary expert panel to evaluate the appropriateness of substitution treatment. The present report documents the process and summarises the results of the latter element above. The RAND appropriateness method (RAM) was used to distil from literature-based evidence and systematically formulated expert opinion, areas where consensus exist on the appropriateness (or inappropriateness) of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and areas where disagreement or uncertainty persist and which should be further pursued. The major areas which were addressed by this report are Initial assessment of candidates for MMT Appropriate settings for initiation of MMT (general and special cases) Appropriateness of methadone supportive therapy Co-treatments and accompanying measures Dosage schedules and pharmacokinetic testing Withdrawal from MMT Miscellaneous questions Appropriateness of other (non-methadone) substitution treatment Summary statements for each of the above categories are derived from the panel meeting and presented in the report. In the "first round", agreement was observed for 31% of the 553 theoretical scenarios evaluated. The "second round" rating, following discussion of divergent ratings, resulted in a much higher agreement among panellists, reaching 53% of the 537 scenarios. Frank disagreement was encountered for 7% of all scenarios. Overall 49% of the clinical situations (scenarios) presented were considered appropriate. The areas where at least 50% of the situations were considered appropriate were "initial assessment of candidates for MMT", the "appropriate settings for initiation of MMT", the "appropriate settings for methadone supportive treatment" and "Appropriateness of other (non-methadone) substitution treatment". The area where there was the least consensus on appropriateness concerned "appropriateness of withdrawal from MMT" (6%). The report discusses the implications and limitations of the panel results and provides recommendations for the dissemination, application, and future use of the criteria for the appropriateness of MMT. The RAND Appropriateness Method proved to be an accepted and appreciated method to assess the appropriateness of methadone maintenance treatment for opiate addicts. In the next step, the results of the expert panel process must now be combined with those of the Swiss and international literature reviews and the survey of current attitudes and practices in Switzerland, to be synthesized into formal practice guidelines. Such guidelines should be disseminated to all concerned, promoted, used and rigorously evaluated for compliance and outcome.

New Strategic Direction for Alcohol and Drugs (2006-2011) (Online Publication)

Executive Summary and Strategy Document (May 2006) The New Strategic Direction has a set of overarching long-term aims to: • Provide accessible and effective treatment and support for people who are consuming alcohol and/or using drugs in a potentially hazardous, harmful or dependent way. • Reduce the level, breadth and depth of alcohol and drug-related harm to users, their families and/or their carers and the wider community. • Increase awareness on all aspects of alcohol and drug-related harm in all settings and for all age groups. • Integrate those policies which contribute to the reduction of alcohol and drug-related harm into all Government Department strategies. • Develop a competent skilled workforce across all sectors that can respond to the complexities of alcohol and drug use and misuse. • Promote opportunities for those under the age of 18 years to develop appropriate skills, attitudes and behaviours to enable them to resist societal pressures to drink alcohol and/or use illicit drugs, with a particular emphasis on those identified as potentially vulnerable. • Reduce the availability of illicit drugs in Northern Ireland åÊ

New Strategic Direction for Alcohol and Drugs (2006-2011) Executive Summary

Executive Summary and Strategy Document (May 2006) The New Strategic Direction has a set of overarching long-term aims to: • Provide accessible and effective treatment and support for people who are consuming alcohol and/or using drugs in a potentially hazardous, harmful or dependent way. • Reduce the level, breadth and depth of alcohol and drug-related harm to users, their families and/or their carers and the wider community. • Increase awareness on all aspects of alcohol and drug-related harm in all settings and for all age groups. • Integrate those policies which contribute to the reduction of alcohol and drug-related harm into all Government Department strategies. • Develop a competent skilled workforce across all sectors that can respond to the complexities of alcohol and drug use and misuse. • Promote opportunities for those under the age of 18 years to develop appropriate skills, attitudes and behaviours to enable them to resist societal pressures to drink alcohol and/or use illicit drugs, with a particular emphasis on those identified as potentially vulnerable. • Reduce the availability of illicit drugs in Northern Ireland

Public Health Functions Project Team Minutes (PDF 21 KB)

Minutes of the Meeting of the Public Health Functions Project Team 21 February 2006

Review Of Public Administration: Consultation On Draft Legislation To Establish Five New Integrated Health And Social Services Trusts

Reform of HPSS

Public sector rationing and private sector selection [paper accepted and forthcoming in Journal of Public Economic Theory]

We study the interaction between nonprice public rationing and prices in the private market. Under a limited budget, the public supplier uses a rationing policy. A private firm may supply the good to those consumers who are rationed by the public system. Consumers have different amounts of wealth, and costs of providing the good to them vary. We consider two regimes. First, the public supplier observes consumers' wealth information; second, the public supplier observes both wealth and cost information. The public supplier chooses a rationing policy, and, simultaneously, the private firm, observing only cost but not wealth information, chooses a pricing policy. In the first regime, there is a continuum of equilibria. The Pareto dominant equilibrium is a means-test equilibrium: poor consumers are supplied while rich consumers are rationed. Prices in the private market increase with the budget. In the second regime, there is a unique equilibrium. This exhibits a cost-effectiveness rationing rule; consumers are supplied if and only if their costbenefit ratios are low. Prices in the private market do not change with the budget. Equilibrium consumer utility is higher in the cost-effectiveness equilibrium than the means-test equilibrium [Authors]

Sozial- und Präventivmedizin - Public Health

[Table des matières] 1. Begriffe und Konzepte. 1.1. Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Partnerdisziplinen. 1.2. Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssoziologie. 2. Methoden und Grundlagen. 2.1. Epidemiologie. 2.2. Biostatistik. 2.3. Demografie und Gesundheitsindikatoren. 3. Interventionen, Massnahmen und Anwendungen. 3.1. Organisation des Gesundheitswesens. 3.2. Versicherungsmedizin. 3.3. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. 3.4. Chronische und degenerative Krankheiten, Unfälle. 3.5. Infektionskrankheiten. 3.6. Humanernährung. 3.7. Ältere und Alte. 3.8. Arbeitsmedizin. 3.9. Umweltmedizin. 3.10. Internationale Gesundheit. Anhang.

L'ethos public en tant que processus social dynamique

Les réformes administratives du secteur public, regroupées sous l'appellation de la Nouvelle gestion publique, affectent durablement le contexte dans lequel travaillent les agents publics, questionnant leurs valeurs et motivations, voire plus fondamentalement leur identité professionnelle. La confrontation actuelle des modes de fonctionnement privé et public a le mérite de soulever l'interrogation sur la spécificité de ce qui anime ces deux domaines d'action humaine. Bien que certaines études fassent état de l'existence d'un ethos spécifique au secteur public, il est souvent réduit aux questions abstraites de valeurs ou aux motivations individuelles des agents. Or l'ethos public est plus qu'une collection de valeurs particulières comme la poursuite de l'impartialité ou l'intégrité. C'est aussi plus que la somme des motivations individuelles. L'ethos public, c'est une conception du vivre ensemble qui permet de concrétiser des valeurs dans l'action et qui peut soutenir une visée éthique du bien commun. Voilà ce qu'une étude exploratoire nous permet d'avancer. Cette recherche vise à comprendre, à partir de récits de vie de gestionnaires publics et du concept d'identité narrative, comment ils en sont venus à comprendre et interpréter la spécificité du secteur public et comment cet ethos se caractérise pour eux en termes de relations et d'interactions sociales avec leur personnel, les politiques, les groupes d'acteurs avec lesquels ils interagissent et les citoyens. Considérant le rôle essentiel exercé par les gestionnaires publics dans le fonctionnement du système politico-administratif, et l'importance des dynamiques sociales pour le fonctionnement et l'intégrité de l'action de l'État, les résultats de cette recherche sont très utiles pour une réflexion approfondie sur les réformes en cours.