Numero de dias de ocorrencia de orvalho em Botucatu, SP.

This paper analyses the dew occurrence in Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in the period from 1971 to 1984. The phenomenon was observed on the grass plot of the Climatological Station in the 'Presidente Medici' Experimental Farm. The station is installed on soil 'Terra Roxa Estruturada', on a middle slope, declivity of 8% and east exposure. Days with dew were summed for the following periods: month, year, season, no rainy period and rainy period. For each period the following values were calculated: mean, mean standard errors and mean confidence interval. Also the absolute extreme values and the amplitude of variation were determined. The confidence interval of the mean were calculated by the 't' statistic, at the level of 5% of error probability. The means were compared by using the 't' statistic, at the level of 5% of error probability. The following table of values corresponds to the regime of dew occurrence in Botucatu, expressed in number of days with dew. The dew occurrence regime in Botucatu was analysed comparatively with the regime at Itatinga, in Sao Paulo State and with the regime of Rio Grande, in Rio Grande do Sul State. -English summary

Efeito do período de fornecimento de ração semi-complexa na fase inicial, sobre o ganho de peso compensatório nas fases de crescimento e terminação

One hundred and twenty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) weaned at an average age of 28 days, were used. Pigs were alloted to five dietary treatments according to weight, sex and litter as follows: T1- Simple diet (SD) during whole Starter phase (SP) (28-63 days); T2- Semi-complex diet (SCD) for the first seven days followed by a SD during 28 days of SP; T3- SCD for the first 14 days followed by SD during 21 days of SP; T4- SCD for the first 21 days followed by SD during 14 days of SP; T5- SCD during the entire SP. A completely randomized block design was used with six replications. At the end of the SP one castrated male and one female, weighing closest to the average live weight of the group, were transferred to growing-finishing pens and fed growing-finishing diets ad libitum until they reached approximately 90kg live weight. Increasing the period of feeding the semi-complex diet resulted in a linear increase in average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the first 28 days of the initial phase. However, when the entire initial phase was considered there was a linear increase only in daily feed intake. There were no differences in incidence and severity of diarrhea in SP or in the performance of pigs during the growing-finishing phases. There were was no differences in average daily gain among diets from weaning to 90 kg body weight. It was concluded that the advantage of the semi-complex starter diet tended to disappear as age increased.

Efeito do período de jejum na fase final de criação de frangos de corte machos sobre desempenho e mortalidade

The objective of this work was to evaluate effect of fasting period in the last growing phase on performance and mortality of male broilers. Two thousand one-day old male chicks were distributed in five randomized blocks according to a 4x2 factorial. (Four feeding programs (FP): ad libitum or one of three fasting schedules: 8-12, 12-16 and 8-16; and two strains (S): Ross or Hubbard-Peterson). Fifty birds were used per replicate. Birds were raised under identical feed and management conditions until day 42. During the experimental period (days 43-56), average temperature, relative humidity and temperature-humidity index (THI) recorded at day and at night were 29.4°C, 57.7 % and 78.1; and 22.0°C, 73.1% and 67.4, respectively. No SxP interaction was observed for all characteristics studied. At day 56, the Ross broilers showed higher mean weight (3104 g), weight gain, WG (3059 g), feed/ gain ratio, FC (2.22) and production factor, PF (213), than the Hubbard-Peterson birds (3011, 2967, 2.28 and 194, respectively). During the experimental period, the Ross broilers showed higher WG (831 g) and FC (3.40) than the Hubbard-Peterson ones (770 and 3.67, respectively). Birds submitted to the 8-12 h fast showed higher feed intake (2864 g) than those that fasted during the 8-16 period (2690). No effect of P on mortality was observed, either considering the overall period (days 1-56) or the experimental period (days 43-56). Fasting in the last phase of rearing not aided by other practices failed to decrease heat stress effects on performance and mortality of male broilers.

Efeitos Ambientais sobre Ganho de Peso no Período do Nascimento ao Desmame em Bovinos da Raça Nelore

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fatores de Correção para Ganho de Peso Médio Diário no Período do Nascimento ao Desmame em Bovinos da Raça Nelore

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho e morfometria da mucosa de duodeno de frangos de corte alimentados com farelo de canola, durante o período inicial

A trial was carried to verify the effect of increasing levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of canola meal in diets of broiler chickens on performance and mucous morphology, during the starting period (1 - 21 days). One thousand 1-d male chicks were assigned to a randomized experimental assay, with five treatments, four replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit. At the 1 st, 21 st and 41 st days, the birds and the rations were weighed. At the 21 st day, two birds of each experimental unit were sacrificed for collection of a duodenum segment to evaluate the intestinal morphometry. The results demonstrated that increasing levels of canola meal resulted in linear reduction on weight gain, weight and feed intake and worst feed conversion. During the growing period (21 to 41 days), when all birds received similar diet, average weight and weight gain decreased, as the canola meal levels increased, while feed conversion and feed intake were similar. Data regarding mucous morphology, submitted to the regression analysis, demonstrated that the crypt depth increased, as the canola meal levels increased. It is possible to include up to 20% of canola meal without damages on broiler performance and digestive tract.

Mortalidade por causas externas no Município de São José do Rio Preto, no período de 1996-1998

Introduction: An epidemiological study of the mortality rates by injuries in São José do Rio Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil, has been carried out. The period considered is 1996-1998. Objectives: To show injuries mortality rates in São José do Rio Preto-SP in 1996-98. Methods: The study was based on official data from the Mortality Information Service of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and in a survey based on data from medical forensic examiners (IML). Software Epinfo6.0 and Tabwin was utilized for data analises. Results: The results were compared to values obtained in the literature for the other cities of São Paulo and Brazil. In the case of São José do Rio Preto, was observed a decrease in the number of deaths associated with external causes in the period, but particularly in deaths due to traffic accidents with motor vehicles an increase in cases of pedestrians killed by hit-and-run drivers, that is much larger than the corresponding values for Brazil and for the State of São Paulo. The study showed increase in rates of homicides, mainly in the 15 to 39 years age group. Conclusion: This result suggests that is important to start programs to reduce the number of deaths by injuries, as well as the necessity of monitoring locally all these data.

Caracterização da população portadora de tuberculose do município de Américo Brasiliense/SP, no período de 1992 a 2002

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem all over the world, which was recognized by the WHO in 1993 as a global emergency because of its very high incidence in the 22 countries that concentrate 80% of TB cases. One of these countries is Brazil, where TB occurrences are well-documented in major cities, but little is known of its spread in rural areas and small towns. Therefore, an epidemiological study was done on medical records of TB sufferers in the rural district and small town of Américo Brasiliense, São Paulo state, from 1992 to 2002, with the aim of improving TB prevention and treatment. The results showed that the incidence of TB peaked in the years of intense migration of rural workers, largely cane-cutters. Among these, the disease attacks mainly the men, in their productive years (20 to 40 years old). The predominant clinical form observed was pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment abandonment rate was less than 1.8%, while the cure rate was around 90%. The disease detection rate by examination of sputum for acid-fast bacilli was around 60%.

Distribuição da energia no interior de uma estufa plástica no período inverno

This work aimed to study the energy distribution in protected environment during the winter of 2005. A plastic tunnel (27.5 m long, 7.5 m wide, 3.2 m high in the center and 2.00 m high in both lateral sides) was covered with polyethylene 100 micra and black shadow screen (sombrite) in lateral sides at the FCA/UNESP, Botucatu - SP. 142 minievaporimeters (500 ml volume and 147 cm2 area) were evenly distributed and set up at three heights: 0.40 m; 0.80 m and 1.20 m from soil surface in order to analyze energy distribution along the studied area. The greenhouse longitudinal axis was northwest/southeast, based on true north. Geosatistics principles and the GS+ Program were adopted to compare variables. From obtained results, it was concluded that there were significant evaporation variations at different points anf heights; the highest values were the ones closest to the soil surface (0.40m) in July and at highest heights (0.80 and 1.20m). Highest evaporations occurred in the southeastern side of the greenhouse.

Estudo retrospectivo de osteossarcoma primário dos ossos da pelve em cães em um período de 14 meses

The osteosarcoma (OSA) is one of the most common malignant tumors of dogs. Large and giant-breed dogs are affected and the mean age of these dogs is about 7 years. The tumor usually involves the metaphyses of long bones and the treatment is radical amputation and chemotherapy with cisplatin. The therapy of neoplasia located in pelvis is difficult and usually don't accept by owners. This report describes the incidence of primary osteosarcoma in pelvis of dogs, during a period of fourteen months. Of the eight animals taken care with this neoplasia, a bigger frequency in the dogs of the race Rottweiler and German Pastor was observed. Amongst the bones that compose animal's pelvis was observed greater osteosarcoma incidence in ileum (6 cases). Lameness, functional impotence of pelvic member and pain had been the main observed clinical signals. In seven cases was found advanced involvement osseous, mainly, for lyses of the cortical. All the animals had been submitted to the euthanasia for not presenting possibility of surgical treatment with safety margin. Also one was taken in consideration for this decision to the clinical condition of the patients, the possibilities to confer improvement in the quality of life of the dogs and the option of the owners' front to the prognostic.

Desempenho de bovinos em pastejo submetidos a duas frequências de suplementação no período da seca

This work was carried out to evaluate different frequencies of supplementation during the dry season. Forty-eight Nellore steers with 320 kg of initial live weight were fed with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture on a continuous stocking rate. The animals were submitted to following treatments: Daily supplementation and supplementation three times a week. The animals in both treatments received 7 kg of supplementation animal -1 weekly, and were weighted at 28-day intervals. The data were analyzed by the MIXED procedure in SAS (2004), with measurements repeated over time. The study observed average forage allowance of 4.2 tons of DM ha-1, with 3.5% CP, 82.24% NDF and 64.97% ADF. There was no difference (p < 0.01) among daily weight gains of animals who received daily supplementation and those received supplementation three times a week (0.23 and 0.13 kg day -1, respectively). Therefore, the supplementation intervals did not influence steer performance during the dry season.

Regímenes cambiarios en el período 2000-2005: una perspectiva latinoamericana

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Panamá: pobreza y distribución del ingreso en el período 2001-2007

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La hora de la igualdad: brechas por cerrar, caminos por abrir. Trigésimo Tercer Período de Sesiones de la CEPAL. Síntesis

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A Hora da igualdade: brechas por fechar, caminhos por abrir. Trigésimo terceiro período de sessões da CEPAL

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