Subsistemas, comunidades e redes para a análise da participação no processo de políticas públicas

In recent literature, the concept of policy subsystem has occupied a central place in many theoretical models, it is considered prime unit of analysis in recent approaches to the policy process. Subject of intense theoretical discussion, when compared to related concepts such as policy communities, policy networks and policy issues, these concepts can contribute to the analysis of political participation process, characteristic of democratic governments. This present study aims to present a critical review of the literature on subsystems, policy issues, policy networks and policy communities, as well as discuss these concepts emphasizing the participatory potential of the actors who make up these spaces, seeking to contribute to the dialogue of studies in public policy and participation policy in Brazil.

Entre vanguarda e a participação: a democracia no programa político da esquerda brasileira (1930-1935)

This paper examines the conceptions of democracy in the Brazilian left among 1930-1935, in particular those expressed in the manifestos of the National Liberative Alliance (ANL) and the texts written by Luis Carlos Prestes, Virgínio Santa Rosa and Caio Prado Jr. I argue that the Brazilian left started from a common troubled field, according to which land concentration represented the biggest obstacle to genuine political expression of the Brazilian people. Despite the convergence towards land reform, designed as a sine qua non condition to democracy in Brazil, the left has developed two different answers to the practical implementation of the principle of the people's government: the first, which I call altruist vanguard, which is more emphasized on texts of Virgínio Santa Rosa and Luís Carlos Prestes, and the second, the Republican participacionismo, which is explored on the writings of Caio Prado Jr. and ambiguously in the manifests of the National Liberative Alliance.

Ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais da escolarização: um projeto de investigação sobre as concepções e práticas de licenciandos em pedagogia como subsídio para elaboração de uma proposta formativa

Apresentamos um projeto que objetiva investigar concepções e práticas de alunos de um curso de Pedagogia em relação à natureza das ciências e ao ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais, constituindo subsídios para construção de uma proposta formativa na licenciatura. São utilizados questionários semi-estruturados e análise das produções de estágio, procurando identificar como tais concepções refletem nas propostas educativas elaboradas pelos licenciandos. A partir da análise, será elaborada, implementada e avaliada uma proposta formativa na disciplina “Conteúdos, Metodologias e Práticas em Ensino de Ciências”, contribuindo para clarificação das concepções alternativas e reflexão crítica sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico e sobre ensinar ciências nos anos iniciais da escolarização.

A gestão democrática da educação: expectativas da escola sobre a participação da família

The objective of this study was to verify the importance of family involvement as an element of democratic school management challenging legislation, intellectual discourse and the perspective of school staff. For this purpose, we analyzed the information obtained by means of instrument PDESchool applied in the public schools of a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo. We found that the school teams identify school / family interaction as an important factor in the work to be developed, although families show little involvement in the management of school units.

Curso de pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de Salamanca/Espanha (2010): uma chave para reflexões

This was part of the post-doctorate study developed at the Faculty of Eucation in the University of Salamanca - Spain in 2010 with the Professor José Maria Hernández Díaz, who teaches the subject “History of Education” at the Pedagogy course provided by the institution. The objective of this reflection is to present some characteristics of that course, in order to highlight some of its peculiarities, and also indicate some similar issues when compared to Brazilian courses, thus producing a research useful for comparison and deepening of teacher’s training. The method was based on quali-quantitative nature (WOODS, 1996; BESSON, 1995): participant observation (EZPELETA; ROCKWELL, 1986; KETELE; ROEGIERS, 1993) and a questionnaire application (HEGENBERG, 1976; BOOTH; COLOMB; WILLIAMS, 1995) to the first and third classes in 2010, which resulted in a total of 99 students: 17 male and 82 female. This comparative information evinces the feminisation in that course, establishing direct relationship with Brazilian research. Another data, which has not yet been duly checked in Brazil, concerns the intellectual/social role of women in the classroom. Although this data is especific from that school environment, it is an important key-point for teachers’ training and teaching. The potentiality of this reflexition is exactly on this point.

Educação e economia solidária: contribuições da pedagogia da alternância para a formação dos catadores de materiais recicláveis

This text presents the Pedagogy of Alternating methodology, highlighting its contribution to re-think the formation of catadores of recycling materials (rubbish collectors). Whereas the use of this approach in the urban area is unusual, the goal of the article is to initiate a debate to promote further elaborations. Initially an overview of the Pedagogy of Alternating is presented and the main instruments used in this approach are commented. Two theoretical and methodological issues are indicated as challenges for catadores formation: the relations between Education and Work and the relations between Theory and Practice. The need to overcome dichotomy between these dimensions of human activity (that predominates in today's society) is defended. The catadores work reveals the exclusion of these workers of less organized sectors of production chains, with few opportunities to obtain better income and qualification. Overcome this gap requires an intense training to turn the catadores in recycling workers . To reach this goal the implementation of Alternating experiences between study and work in cooperatives and schools is not enough. A deep transformation is needed over the ways and subjects of both study and work, in order to create emancipating activities that promotes a full development of these workers.

A disciplina Língua Brasileira de Sinais nos currículos dos cursos de Pedagogia

Brazilian Sign Language signature in the pedagogy courses curricula. In 2002, the Law nº 10.436 was published determining the obligation of offering the Brazilian Signal Language (Libras) signature in all teaching graduation courses. Considering this measure, it was searched to characterize how the public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in the States of Paraná and São Paulo are organizing the signature in Pedagogy courses. The curriculum analysis developed showed that most of the public HEI’s in the State of Paraná provides its inclusion, while in the State of São Paulo the estimate is 60%. Most of the syllabus covers topics including deaf students, deaf culture and Libras linguistic aspects.

A pedagogia histórico-crítica e a formação da individualidade para sí

Is there a place inside Marxism for the debate on individuality? Does the historical-critical pedagogy need a theory of individual’s education? The article answers affirmatively to both questions and analyses the pillars of a Marxist theory of human individuals’ education. The start point is the relation between the processes of objectification and appropriation that were originated by the work activity. The relation between objectification and appropriation is analysed from a dialectical materialistic historical perspective. This perspective implies the understanding of the contradiction generates by class struggle that gives to the sociocultural development both the meanings of humanization and alienation. In this sense, individual’s education is understood as part of historical self-building process of humankind. The direction of this movement is from humanity in itself to humanity for itself that means a process that promotes the development of free and universal individuality.

A pedagogia histórico-crítica e o marxismo: equívocos de (mais) uma crítica à obra de Dermeval Saviani

This paper analyses a PhD dissertation which was written by Ademir Lazarini with the purpose to present a radical criticism to the Dermeval Saviani´s interpretation of the relation between the capital and the school education. The dissertation argues that the Historical-Critical Pedagogy based on Saviani’s works is very distant from the Marxian theory of capitalist society. The paper detects fundamental mistakes inside the criticism formulated by the author of the dissertation and the examination of those mistakes revealed a lack of comprehension of the materialistic historical dialectical method.

Formação inicial de professores e educação de jovens e adultos: possibilidades da extensão universitária

The present work aimed at investigating the possibilities and limits of academic extension programs as an environment for initial teacher learning and training. It also focused on investigating the main difficulties identified by Pedagogy and Social Science students about this initial training regarding its use in actual teaching activities. It focused on undergraduate students’ perceptions concerning their involvement in an academic extension project which enabled them to interact with students as teachers in a Youth and Adult Education program, during a whole academic year. Semi-structured interviews were done with nine participants. The content of these interviews was analyzed and divided into four thematic categories. The results show that, for these students, what makes this kind of project unique is the possibility of acting in real situations, under supervision, which provided a moment for reflection. Focusing on supervision, the students point out that this resource is not usually there in traditional internship situations – and that they consider it an important and necessary aspect. It was also indicated the relevance of practice, self-awareness and teaching activity experiences. In conclusion, it was perceived that academic extension programs must be more intensively appreciated, given the coordinating role it can play between investigative and didactic activities, both key to initial training.

Vigotski e a pedagogia histórico-crítica: a questão do desenvolvimento psíquico

The paper defends that the historical-cultural psychology needs the mediation of the historical-critical pedagogy in order to contribute to the school educational practice. In this direction, the paper analyses, in the field of the relations between Psychology and Pedagogy, a criteria for the human development characterization. Considering both, psychology and pedagogy, inside the historical process of social class struggle, the paper defends that human beings develop themselves by using the mediations which makes possible the movement from the condition of “being in itself” to the condition of “being for itself”.

Espanha e Brasil na construção da participação democrática: clivagens e consensos

The article searches to launch some analyses and investigations on the historical reach of produced participative processes in Spain and Brazil. Evidently, both the processes if had uncurled in historical, social, economic contexts and distinct politicians, but, exactly thus, keep some approaches that we intend to give prominence in the present article. For example, the popular mobilization in the two presented cases after occurred a long period of not attendance of social demands socials. In the same way, the processes of democratic renewal of both are related with historical landmarks “end of the Cold War” and the dismantlement of the Walfare State that introduced new rationalists in the relation between governing and governed dynamic, over all in the coinage and offer of public politics. How much to the dismantlement of the Welfare State, we present, still, that in the case of Spain it provoked consequences in the modus operandi of the formularization process and implementation of public politics. It occurred, in other words, a decentralization of its formulator power to decide arrangement of public politics that started to count on the participation of social actors in the called relational city (BECERRA, 2011). In the case of Brazil, the dictatorial period (1964-1985), the fast urban growth and the generation of precarious peripheries in the main cities, the distension and the Constituent (1986-1988) had generated the enough forces of pressure so that, gradually, if it incorporated the participative arrangement in the power to decide process. We identify that in both the cases, kept the had ratios, the instauration of a critical scene of suppression/absence of formulated public politics from an interface with the social movements were the propeller spring of the transformations in the power to decide mechanisms of formularization and implementation of public politics.

Planejamento Urbano e participação popular: há uma fórmula para a cidade que sonhamos?

O texto é uma nova aproximação dos autores a um tema cujo núcleo é a questão da gestão meio ambiental com enfoque na sustentabilidade. A preocupação aqui apresentada refere-se à questão da participação popular e traz alguns exemplos quanto ao protagonismo do Estado em relação ao tópico. Mostra que a legislação brasileira é atualíssima em relação ao assunto e que ela estaria em condições de lidar com as “ruínas”, com as “regressões” resultantes de uma visão de progresso que marca o processo civilizatório ocidental. Sugere a necessidade de “alargar os espaços de participação da grande massa popular nas decisões”. Reconhece, nesse quadro, a importância da mudança da realidade através da mudança do próprio sujeito da transformação. E, justo por reconhecer isso, aponta a fundamentalidade da educação ambiental. Pede ajuda a exemplos tirados de Araraquara, cidade do interior paulista para mostrar os limites e as possibilidades de avançar em um paradigma de participação popular na construção de uma sociedade sustentável.

Contribuições da pedagogia histórico-crítica para a formação de professores

Teacher training is a frequent academic theme and object of various approaches. This article aims at presenting a few contributions of historical-critical pedagogy to this debate. It takes into account the concept of human-being, development and role of the school, opposing current parameters which empty and devalue teachers and, consequently, school education.

Contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural para a pedagogia histórico-crítica

This article aims to show elements based on historical-cultural psychology, which are reiterative of historically systematized scientific knowledge transmission as condition of human development and essential function of school education. In that way, it points the sign appropriation as decisive mark in the natural psychic basis overcoming towards to culturally established psychophysical properties formation, characterizing the psychism as an interfuncional system answerable for the constitution of the subjective image of objective reality. In the face of such presuppositions, it firms the role of school education in the mentioned image formation, highlighting the qualitative differences resultant of education based to quotidian and spontaneous concepts, as well as scientific ones. It pleads that the defense of sign quality offered to appropriation by school education is the main intersection point between the historical-cultural psychology and the historical-critical pedagogy.