A novel serine protease with clip domain from scallop Chlamys farreri

The serine proteases with clip domain are involved in various innate immune functions in invertebrate such as antimicrobial activity, cell adhesion, pattern recognition and regulation of the prophenoloxidase system. A serine protease with clip-domain cDNA (Cf SP) was obtained by Expressed sequence taggings (ESTs) method and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The Cf SP full-length cDNA was of 1,152 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 63 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 81 bp with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail, and an open reading frame of 1,008 bp encoding a polypeptide of 336 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Cf SP contained an amino-terminal clip domain with three disulfide bonds formed six conserved Cys residues, a carboxyl-terminal trypsin-like domain with the conserved His-Asp-Ser catalytic triad, and a low complexity linker sequence. The Cf SP was strongly expressed in hemocytes and the mRNA expression of Cf SP was up-regulated and increased 3.2-fold and 2.6-fold at 16 h after injection of Vibrio anguillarum and Micrococcus luteus. The results suggested that Cf SP gene might be involved in immune response of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbial infection in scallop.

AiC1qDC-1, a novel gC1q-domain-containing protein from bay scallop Argopecten irradians with fungi agglutinating activity

The globular C1q-domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a family of versatile pattern recognition receptors via their globular C1q (gC1q) domain to bind various ligands including several PAMPs on pathogens. In this study, a new gC1q-domain-containing protein (AiC1qDC-1) gene was cloned from Argopecten irradians by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches and expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. The full-length cDNA of AiC1qDC-1 was composed of 733 bp, encoding a signal peptide of 19 residues and a typical gC1q domain of 137 residues containing all eight invariant amino acids in human C1qDC proteins and seven aromatic residues essential for effective packing of the hydrophobic core of AiC1qDC-1. The gC1q domain of AiC1qDC-1, which possessed the typical 10-stranded beta-sandwich fold with a jelly-roll topology common to all C1q family members, showed high homology not only to those of Cl qDC proteins in mollusk but also to those of C1qDC proteins in human. The AiC1qDC-1 transcripts were mainly detected in the tissue of hepatopancreas and also marginally detectable in adductor, heart, mantle, gill and hemocytes by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR. In the microbial challenge experiment, there was a significant up-regulation in the relative expression level of AiC1qDC-1 in hepatopancreas and hemocytes of the scallops challenged by fungi Pichia pastoris GS115, Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria Listonella anguillarum. The recombinant AiC1qDC-1 (rAiC1qDC-1) protein displayed no obvious agglutination against M. luteus and L. anguillarum, but it aggregated P. pastoris remarkably. This agglutination could be inhibited by D-mannose and PGN but not by LPS, glucan or D-galactose. These results indicated that AiC1qDC-1 functioned as a pattern recognition receptor in the immune defense of scallops against pathogens and provided clues for illuminating the evolution of the complement classical pathway. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

中国明对虾Toll样受体基因的克隆与表达分析

对虾病害在世界范围内的广泛传播，给水产养殖和沿海农村经济造成了重大损失。自1993 年对虾白斑病暴发以来，中国明对虾的养殖一直一蹶不振。引起对虾大规模死亡的原因是多方面的，其主要原因是养殖环境恶化、对虾种质退化和抗病力下降。因此，深入开展对虾免疫机制研究，并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法，改良种质和培育抗病品系，已成为对虾养殖业走可持续发展之路的当务之急。 Toll 样受体（Toll-like receptors, TLRs）家族是进化保守的哺乳动物模式识别蛋白（pattern recognition receptors, PRR），在先天免疫系统中起着非常重要的作用。本研究采用同源克隆和RACE（rapid amplification of cDNA ends）技术从中国明对虾中克隆到Toll 样受体同源基因，并将其命名为FcToll。它全长4115 bp，3’UTR 包含16 个poly A 尾巴，开放阅读框编码931 个氨基酸的多肽。预测的该多肽包含典型的Toll 样受体结构，分为胞外区、跨膜区和胞内区。其中胞外区有信号肽，有16 个富含亮氨酸的重复序列eucine-rich repeats, LRR），并含有2个LRR-C 末端基序和2 个LRR-N 末端基序；跨膜区是23 个氨基酸的一次跨膜结构域；胞内区是含有139 个氨基酸的TIR 结构域（Toll/Interleukin-1R）。克隆 发现FcToll 的基因组结构包含5 个外显子和4 个内含子。系统发生分析揭示FcToll归属于“昆虫型”的无脊椎动物Toll 样受体家族。组织分布研究发现FcToll 在中国明对虾中是组成型表达的，在淋巴器官中表达量较显著。分别利用不同病原体刺激健康的中国明对虾，Real-time PCR 发现该基因在刺激后表达水平呈现不同的表达谱：灭活鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）注射后5 小时，该基因表达显著 上调；而WSSV（white spot syndrome virus）注射后该基因表达则迅速下调，感染后23 小时内其表达水平均低于对应时间点的对照组。这就表明FcToll 可能参与中国明对虾的先天免疫防御，尤其可能参与入侵弧菌的免疫应答。

Purification and characterization of a natural lectin from the plasma of the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A natural lectin from the plasma of the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was purified by singlestep affinity chromatography using fetuin-coupled agarose. The purified plasma lectin showed a strong affinity for human A/B/O erythrocytes (RBC), mouse RBC and chicken RBC. The hemagglutinating (HA) activity of the lectin was dependent on Ca2+ and reversibly sensitive to EDTA. This lectin was named FC-L and its inactive form had a molecular mass estimate of 168 kDa. Fifteen N-terminal amino acid sequences of this protein were determined. We performed HA-inhibition assays with several carbohydrates and glycoproteins. FC-L showed a distinct and unique specificity to N-acetylated sugars, particularly sialic acid and sialoproteins. The FC-L also has binding activity to some Gram-negative bacteria which caused disease in shrimp and fish. The activity of FC-L was inhibited at temperatures greater than 75 degrees C and at a pH less than 7 or greater than 11. These results suggest that FC-L may play a role as pattern recognition proteins in the reorganization and clearance of invaders in shrimp F. chinensis. Crown Copyright (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

小波变换理论应用进展

本文介绍了小波变换理论 ,讨论了基本小波函数的选取准则和小波变换算法 ,分析了小波变换与人工智能等其它方法的结合方式和特点 .通过介绍小波变换在信号瞬态分析、图像边沿检测、图像去噪、模式识别、数据压缩、分形信号分析等方面的应用实例 ,讨论了小波变换在处理非平稳信号和复杂图像时的优势 .最后 ,对小波变换理论的发展及其应用前景作了描述 .

档案自动录入及管理系统的研究

将用特定的表格形式填写的档案信息用扫描仪扫入计算机中,通过模式识别技术进行识别处理,形成文本文件,并转换成数据库文件。用VB程序设计语言编写灵活高效的档案管理系统,从而实现档案信息高效、快速、准确地录入计算机中,消除了工作中由于人的主观因素造成的错误。

基于支持向量多分类机的多类复杂手操作EEG信号模式识别

针对用于服务机器人的脑机接口系统中脑电信号模式识别精度不高,不能满足机器人多任务要求的问题,提出一种基于C-支持向量多分类机的多类复杂手操作EEG信号模式识别方法,并将其应用到复杂手操作的EEG信号模式识别试验中,实现一个4类复杂手操作的模式识别,实验结果表明,与之前用BP神经网络进行识别相比,识别率由85%提高到了90%。

基于模糊集理论的二维线性鉴别分析新方法

二维线性鉴别分析（2DLDA）是一种直接基于矩阵的特征提取方法，跳过传统的基于Fisher鉴别准则的线性鉴别分析方法中必须先将二维矩阵转化成一维矢量的过程，有效地提高了特征提取速度且避免了小样本问题，其识别率优于传统的Fisherface方法。结合模糊集理论，提出了一种新的2DLDA算法——模糊2DLDA（FIDLDA）算法。首先采用FKNN算法得到相应的样本分布信息，并按其对最后得到的特征向量所作的贡献融入到特征抽取过程中，得到有效的样本特征向量集。实验表明，F2DLDA算法的性能优于传统的2DLDA算法和Fisherface方法。

基于模糊神经网络的人脸识别方法研究

人脸识别是模式识别研究领域的重要课题,具有广阔的应用前景。本文提出了基于模糊神 经网络的人脸识别方法。首先用最优鉴别分析方法提取人脸的最优鉴别矢量集,构成特征空间,然后在 特征空间中设计模糊神经网络分类器。在ORL人脸图象库上的实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。

新模糊形态学联想记忆网络的初步研究

人工神经网络理论已经被成功地应用于各种不同的模式识别问题 .重点研究了联想记忆网络 ,提出了一种新的基于形态学和模糊运算的联想记忆网络 ,即模糊形态学联想记忆网络FMAM .它与经典联想记忆和模糊联想记忆FAM有显著不同 .文中分析了FMAM的记忆能力和抗腐蚀 /膨胀噪声的能力 .自联想FMAM具有无限存储能力 ,能保证完全回忆 ,并且回忆在一步内完成 ,可模糊性解释等 .仿真实验验证了自联想FMAM的良好性能

基于修正的最小均方误差分类算法的移动机器人运动规划

研究了不确定性环境下移动机器人躲避运动轨迹未知的移动障碍物的一种新方法．通过实时最小均方误差估计算法预测每个障碍物的位置及运动轨迹，并利用模式识别中最小均方误差分类器的修正模型计算出机器人的局部避障路径，再运用船舶导航中使用的操纵盘技术来确定每个导航周期中移动机器人的速．度仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性

混合模式识别系统研究

讨论基于多种分类方法的模块组合实现的混合模式识别系统，它不同于利用多分类器输出结果表决的集成系统．提出两个系统：一个面向印刷体汉字文本识别，另一个面向自由手写体数字识别．利用多种特征和多种分类方法的组合、部分识别信息控制混淆字判别策略以及提出的动态模板库匹配后处理方法，使系统的性能与传统单一分类器系统比较，获得明显改善．实验表明：多方法多策略混合是解决复杂和增强系统鲁棒性的一条途径

用光学阵列传感器的机器人物体分类系统

本文介绍用光学阵列传感器的机器人物体分类系统。传感器直接安装在机器人的两个手指上。被抓物体的阴影通过光导纤维传到安放在“安全区”的光敏元件上。计算机识别物体的轮廓后命令机器人抓握物体,并把它运送到指定的地点从而达到物体分类的目的。

图象噪声的模糊聚类平滑方法

模糊C-means算法在聚类分析中已得到了成功的应用,本文提出一种利用模糊C-means算法消除噪声的新方法。一般来说,图象中的噪声点就是其灰度值与其周围象素的灰度值之差超过某个门限值的点。根据这个事实,首先利用模糊C-means算法分类,再利用标准核函数检测出噪声点,然后将噪声点去掉。由于只修改噪声点处的象素灰度值,而对于其它象素的灰度值不予改变,所以本算法能够很好地保护细节和边缘。本方法每次处理3×3个点,而以往的方法只能每次处理一个点,所以本方法能提高运算速度。文中给出了利用本方法对实际图象处理的结果,并与梯度倒数权值法进行了定量的比较。

ETC中具有车型识别功能的车辆检测器设计

介绍了专门用于ETC(不停车收费系统)中一种车辆检测器的软硬件设计方法。根据车辆检测器应用环境的特点给出了基准频率校正算法,可以对基准频率进行实时校正。并采用模糊模式识别算法进行车型识别。