Rendimento e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de coentro cultivado com adubação orgânica e mineral

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de doses de matéria orgânica sob a forma de esterco bovino, na presença e ausência de adubação mineral, sobre o rendimento e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de coentro. Para tanto, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um sob condições de campo e outro, no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, no período de outubro/2001 a fevereiro/2002. O experimento de campo foi instalado para avaliar o rendimento de sementes de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), cultivar verdão, cujos tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de esterco bovino (0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8kg m-2), na presença e na ausência de adubo mineral, em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos distribuídos em arranjos fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. No experimento de laboratório, conduzido para a avaliação da qualidade das sementes através de testes de germinação e de vigor (índice de velocidade de germinação), os tratamentos também foram distribuídos em arranjos fatorial 5x2, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. O rendimento de sementes de coentro atinge, na presença de adubo mineral, valor máximo estimado (3t ha-1) na dose de 5kg m-2 de matéria orgânica (esterco bovino). Na ausência de adubo mineral, o rendimento aumenta com a elevação das doses de esterco bovino, com rendimento máximo de sementes (3t ha-1) na dose de 8kg m-2. A germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação, na ausência de adubo mineral (NPK) aumentam linearmente com elevação das doses de matéria orgânica (esterco bovino), apresentando valores máximos de 90% e 5,0, respectivamente, na dose máxima (8kg m-2). Na presença de adubação mineral, as doses de esterco bovino proporcionam germinação média de 82% e índice de velocidade de germinação de 4,5, com a dose de 8kg m-2. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de coentro é influenciada pelas doses de esterco bovino, sendo a dose de 8kg m-2 mais adequada para aumentar a qualidade das sementes.

Development of hypogene and supergene alteration and copper mineralization patterns, Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposits, Iran /

The formation of the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is related to the culmination of calc-alkaline igneous activity in the Kerman region. The deposit comprises a suite of Late Cenozoic intrusive sub-volcanic and extrusive rocks emplaced into a folded series of Eocene andesitic lavas and pyroclastic sediments. The earliest stage of magmatism was emplacement of a large granodiorite stock about 29 m.y.b.p. This was followed by intrusion of two separate porphyritic bodies at 15 (Sar Cheshrneh porphyry) and 12 m.y.b.p. (Late porphyry) and a series of sub-volcanic dikes between 12 and 9 m.y.b.p. Magmatic activity terminated with multi-phase extrusion of a Pelean dacitic dome complex between 10 and 2.8 m.y.b.p. The country rocks and the earlier porphyritic intrusions are pervasively altered to biotite-rich potassium silicate (metasomatic and hydrothermal) sericite-clay, phyllic and chlorite-clay, argillic assemblages. These grade outwards to an extensive propylitic zone. Within the ore body, the later intra-. and post-mineral dikes only reach the propylitic grade. At least three different sets of quartz veins are present, including a sericite-chlorite-quartz set which locally retrogrades pervasive secondary biotite to sericite. In the hypogene zone, metasomatic and hydrothermal alteration is related to all stages of magmatism but copper mineralization and veining are restricted to a period of 15 to 9 m.y.b.p.related to the early intrusive phases. The copper mineralization and silicate alteration do not fit a simple annular ring model but have been greatly modified by, 1. The existence of an ititial, outer ring, of metasomatic alteration overprinted by an inner.ring of hydrothermal alteration and, 2. later extensive dilating effects of intra- and post-mineral dikes. The hydrothermal clay mineral assemblage in the hypogene zone is illite-chlorite-kaolinite-smectite (beidellite). Preliminary studies indicate that the amount of each of these clays varies vertically and that hydrothermal zonation of clay minerals is possible. However, these minerals alter to illite-kaolinite assemblages in the supergene sulfide zone and to more kaolinite-rich assemblages in the supergene leached zone. Hydrothermal biotite breaks down readily in the supergene zone and is not well preserved in surface outcrops. The distribution of copper minerals in the supergene sulfide enrichment zone is only partly related to rock type being more dependent on topography and the availability of fractures.

Pollen and grain size records in abyssal sediments of the northwest Pacific Ocean as proxies of Plio-Pleistocene climate change /

A distinctive period of global change occurred during the PUocene between the warm Miocene and subsequent Quaternary cooling. Samples from Ocean Drilling Project Site 11 79 (-5586 mbsl, 41°4'N, 159°57'E), Site 881 (-5765 mbsl, 47°6.133'N, 161°29.490'E) and Site 882 (-3255 mbsl, 50°22'N, 167°36'E) were studied to determine the magnitude and composition ofterrigenous flux to the western mid-latitude North Pacific and its relation to climate change in East Asia since the mid-Pliocene. Dust-sized particles (including pollen), sourced from the arid regions and loess plateaus in East Asia are entrained by prevailing westerly winds and transported to the midlatitude northwest North Pacific Ocean. This is recorded by peaks in the total concentration of pollen and spores, as well as the mean grain size of allochthonous and autochthonous silicate material in abyssal marine sediments. Aridification of the Asian interior due to the phased uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau created the modem East Asian Monsoon system dominated by a strengthening of the winter monsoon. The winter monsoon is further enhanced during glacials due to the expansion of desert and steppe environments at the expense ofwoodlands and forests recorded by the composition of palynological assemblages. The late Pliocene-Pleistocene glacials at ODP Sites 1 179, 881, and 882 are characterized by increases in grain size, magnetic susceptibility, pollen and spore concentrations around 3.5-3.3, 2.6-2.4, 1.7-1.6, and 0.9-0.7 Ma (ages based on magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic datums). The peaks during these times are relatively rich in pollen taxa derived primarily from steppe and boreal vegetation zones, recording cool, dry climates. The overall size increase of sediment and abundance of terrestrial palynomorphs record enhanced wind strength. The increase in magnitude of pollen and spore concentrations as well as grain size record global cooling and Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The peaks in grain size as well as pollen and spore abundance in marine sediments correlate with the mean grain size of loess in East Asia, consistent with the deflation of unarmoured surfaces during glacials. The transport of limiting nutrients to marine environments enhanced sea surface productivity and increased the rate of sediment accumulation.

Comparative electron impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric studies of some HMPA adducts of phenyltin and phenyllead halides and studies of strong hydrogen bonding by FAB-MS

The fragmentation patterns and mass spectra of some phenyl tin and -lead halide adducts with hexamethylphosphoramide are compared by subjecting them t~ electron impact and fast atom bombardment ionization in a mass spectrometer. This comparison is restricted to the metal-containing ions. Ligand-exchange mechanisms of some of the metal-containing species are explored by FAB-MS. Several moisturesensitive organo-metallics and H-bonded systems have been examined by FAB for attempted characterization, but without any success. Scavenging and trapping of water molecules by complex aggregates in solutions of quaternary ammonium fluorides and hydroxides are investigated by FAB to complement previous NMR-studies.

Fluorometric monitoring of the properties of proteins entrapped in sol-gel derived matrices

The successful development of stable biosensors incorporating entrapped proteins suffers from poor understanding of the properties of the entrapped biomolecules. This thesis reports on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the properties of proteins entrapped in sol-gel processed silicate materials. Two different single tryptophan (Trp) proteins were investigated in this thesis, the Ca2 + binding protein cod III parvalbumin (C3P) and the salicylate binding protein human serum albumin (HSA). Furthermore, the reactive single cysteine (Cys) residue within C3P and HSA were labelled with the probes iodoacetoxynitrobenzoxadiazole (C3P) and acrylodan (C3P and HSA) to further examine the structure, stability and function of the free and entrapped proteins. The results show that both C3P and HSA can be successfully entrapped into sol-gelderived matrices with retention of function and conformational flexibility.

A G. C./M. S. study of the reaction and decomposition products of pentafluorophenyl-grignard and lithium reagents

Decomposition and side reactions of, and the synthetic use of, pentafluorophenylmagnesium bromide and pentafluorophenyllithium have been investigated using G,C9/M.S, techniques• Their reactions with reagents such as CgF^X (X - H, F, CI, Br, 1), C6F4X2 (X - H, CI)f C6F3C13, C6H6. (CgX5)3P (X = H, F), (C6X5)3P=0 (X = H, F), (CgX5)Si (CH3)3 (X = H, F) and (CH0K SiCl , n = 1,2, in ether or ether/n-hexane were studied• In addition to the principal reaction of synthetic use, namely the replacement of a halogen by a pentafluorophenyl group, two types of side reactions were observed* These were (i) intermolecular loss of LiF via a nucleophilic substitution, and (ii) intramolecular loss of LiF, followed by the addition of either inorganic salts such as lithium or magnesium halides, or organometal compounds such as organolithium or organo-Grigaard* G.C«/M.S. techniques were routinely employed to study complicated reaction mixtures. Although mass spectrometry alone has disadvantages for the identification of isomers, deduction of the most probable pathway often helps overcome this problem.

Triarylamminium radical-cation complexes: design and magnetic properties and Base-catalyzed hydrosilylation: mechanism and substrate scope

1. Triarylamminium radical-cation complexes. The detailed study of manganese, copper and nickel metal-radical complexes with triarylamminium ligands was conducted. Stable, neutral and pseudo-octahedral coordination monometallic complexes with simple monodentate 2,2`-bipyridine ligand containing a redox-active N,N`-(4,4`-dimethoxydiphenyl-amino) substituent were synthesized and fully characterized. The one-electron oxidation process and formation of persistent radical-cation complexes was observed by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical measurements. Evans method measurements were performed with radical-cation complexes generated by chemical one-electron oxidation with NOPF6 in acetonitrile. The experimental results indicate ferromagnetic coupling between metal and triarylamminium cation in manganese (II) complex and antiferromagnetic coupling in nickel (II) complex. This data is supported by DFT calculations which also lend weight to the  spin polarization mechanism as an operative model for magnetic exchange coupling. Neutral bimetallic complexes with a new ditopic ligand were synthesized and fully characterized, including magnetic and electrochemical studies. Chemical oxidation of these precursor complexes did not generate radical-cations, but dicationic complexes, which was confirmed by UV-vis and EPR-experiments, as well as varied temperature magnetic measurements. DFT calculations for radical-cation complexes are included. A synthetic pathway for polytopic ligand with multiple redox-active triarylamine sites was developed. The structure of the ligand is presumably suitable for -spin polarization exchange model and allows for production of polymetallic complexes having high spin ground states. 2. Base-catalyzed hydrosilylation. A simple reductive base-catalyzed hydrosilation of aldehydes and ketones was adapted to the use of the cheap, safe, and non-toxic polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) instead of the common PhSiH3 and (EtO)3SiH, which present significant cost and safety concerns, respectively. The conversion of silane into pentacoordinate silicate species upon addition of a base was studied in details for the cases of phenyl silane and PMHS and is believed to be essential for the hydrosilylation process. We discovered that nucleophiles (a base or fluoride-anion) induced the rearrangement of PMHS and TMDS into light silanes: MeSiH3 and Me2SiH2, respectively. The reductive properties of PMHS under basic conditions can be attributed to the formation of methyl silane and its conversion into a silicate species. A procedure for the generation of methyl silane and its use in further efficient reductions of aldehydes and ketones has been developed. The protocol was extended to the selective reduction of esters and tertiary amides into alcohols and aldimines into amines with good isolated yields and reduction of heterocyclic compounds was attempted.

Etude spectroscopique d’un plasma micro-onde à la pression atmosphérique et son application à la synthèse de nanostructures

L’objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de caractériser la distribution axiale des plasmas tubulaires à la pression atmosphérique créés et entretenus par une onde électromagnétique de surface ainsi que d’explorer le potentiel de ces sources pour la synthèse de matériaux et de nanomatériaux. Un précédent travail de thèse, qui avait pour objectif de déterminer les mécanismes à l’origine de la contraction radiale du plasma créé dans des gaz rares, a mis en lumière un phénomène jusque-là inconnu dans les plasmas d’onde de surface (POS). En effet, la distribution axiale varie différemment selon la puissance incidente ce qui constitue une différence majeure par rapport aux plasmas à pression réduite. Dans ce contexte, nous avons réalisé une étude paramétrique des POS à la pression atmosphérique dans l’Ar. À partir de nos mesures de densité électronique, de température d’excitation et de densité d’atomes d’Ar dans un niveau métastable (Ar 3P2), résolues axialement, nous avons conclu que le comportement axial de l’intensité lumineuse avec la puissance n’est pas lié à un changement de la cinétique de la décharge (qui est dépendante de la température des électrons et de la densité d’atomes d’Ar métastables), mais plutôt à une distribution anormale de dissipation de puissance dans le plasma (reliée à la densité d’électrons). Plus précisément, nos résultats suggèrent que ce dépôt anormal de puissance provient d’une réflexion de l’onde dans le fort gradient de densité de charges en fin de colonne, un effet plus marqué pour de faibles longueurs de colonnes à plasma. Ensuite, nous avons effectué une étude spectroscopique du plasma en présence de précurseurs organiques, en particulier le HMDSO pour la synthèse de matériaux organosiliciés et l’IPT pour la synthèse de matériaux organotitaniques. Les POS à la PA sont caractérisés par des densités de charges très élevées (>10^13 cm^-3), permettant ainsi d’atteindre des degrés de dissociation des précurseurs nettement plus élevés que ceux d'autres plasmas froids à la pression atmosphérique comme les décharges à barrière diélectrique. Dans de tels cas, les matériaux synthétisés prennent la forme de nanopoudres organiques de taille inférieure à 100 nm. En présence de faibles quantités d’oxygène dans le plasma, nous obtenons plutôt des nanopoudres à base d’oxyde de silicium (HMDSO) ou à base de titanate de silicium (IPT), avec très peu de carbone.

Formulation development and characterization of liquisolid tablets containing clozapine

L’objectif de ce projet était de développer une formulation liquisolide (LS) de clozapine ayant des propriétés de dissolution améliorées et évaluer sa stabilité et ainsi que sa robustesse à la modification d’excipients. Le propylène glycol (PG), la cellulose microcrystalline (MCC) et le glycolate d’amidon sodique (SSG) ont été utilisés respectivement en tant que véhicule liquide non volatile, agent de masse et agent désintégrant pour la préparation de comprimés LS. Le dioxyde de silicium colloïdal (CSD), le silicate de calcium (CS) et l'aluminométasilicate de magnésium (MAMS) ont été choisis comme agents d’enrobage sec. La caractérisation complète des mélanges et des comprimés a été effectuée. Le taux de libération des comprimés LS était statistiquement supérieur à celui des comprimés réguliers. La surface spécifique des matériaux d’enrobage avait un effet sur les propriétés d’écoulement des mélanges et la taille des particules des matériaux d’enrobage a eu un effet sur la vitesse de dissolution. Le ratio support/enrobage du mélange de poudres (valeur de R) était un paramètre important pour les systèmes LS et devait être plus grand que 20 afin d’obtenir une meilleure libération du médicament. La formulation choisie a démontré une stabilité pour une période d’au moins 12 mois. La technique LS s’est avéré une approche efficace pour le développement de comprimés de clozapine ayant des propriétés de dissolution améliorées. Les comprimés oro-dispersibles (ODT) sont une formulation innovante qui permettent de surmonter les problèmes de déglutition et de fournir un début d'action plus rapide. Dans l’optique d’améliorer les propriétés de dissolution, un essai a été effectué pour étudier la technique LS dans la formulation des ODT de clozapine. Le PG, la MCC, le CSD et la crospovidone (CP) ont été utilisés respectivement en tant que véhicule liquide non volatile, agent de masse, agent d’enrobage sec et agent superdésintégrant pour la préparation de comprimés oro-dispersibles liquisolides (OD-LST). Le mannitol a été choisi comme agent de masse et agent édulcorant. La saccharine de sodium a été utilisée comme agent édulcorant. La caractérisation complète des comprimés a été effectuée. Le taux de libération des OD-LSTs était statisquement supérieur comparativement aux comprimés ODTs. La formulation choisie a démontré une stabilité pour une période d’au moins 6 mois. Il a été conclu que des ODT de clozapine peuvent être préparés avec succès en utilisant la technologie LS dans le but d’améliorer la désintégration et le taux de dissolution de la clozapine dans la cavité orale.

Chemical Oceanographic Studies of the Coastal Waters of Cochin

The present study is an attempt to understand some of the chemical oceanographic processes of the coastal water and the backwaters of Cochin. The importance of this study lies in the fact that there has been an increasing concern on the environmental degradation of Cochin backwaters with respect to water and sediments due to various anthropogenic activities. The study comprises the results and discussion of the hydro chemical parameters of coastal waters of Cochin during different seasons with statistical analysis. The parameters dealt with are salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, ammonia-N, Silicate-Si, phosphate-P, chlorophyll ‘a’ and suspended solids, dissolved trace metals and sediment characteristics including sediment metals

Biogeochemistry of trace metals in the Indian EEZ of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

The present study has been initiated to unravel the distribution of trace metals and its geochemical behavior in the Indian EEZ of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Trace metal accumulation in aquatic consumers is of interest to ecologists and environmentalists so as to understand the fate and effect of contaminants in the food web dynamics and the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. It is well established that oceanic distribution of macronutrients such as nitrate, phosphate and silicate provide critical to biological growth and related geochemical processes. In this study it can be inferred, that there is a need for a better understanding of background informations on trace metal concentrations with respect to space and time and their fluctuations in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal zooplankton. Without a sound knowledge on spatio-temporal fluctuations, it will be impossible to differentiate anthropogenic metal inputs from natural background concentrations with a routine biomonitoring programme. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd & Pb showed a slight enrichment in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea during spring intermonsoon compared to intermonsoon fall. The relative enrichment of Fe, Cu & Zn in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea during intermonsoon spring than intermonsoon fall was due to favourable bioaccumulation factors of these elements during this season. Nevertheless this study can be looked upon as a starting point for further investigations on these biogeochemically important processes, which are vital in addressing the dynamics of productivity of waters.

Development of Elastomeric Hybrid Composite Based on Synthesised Manosilica and Short Nylon Fiber

Nanoscale silica was synthesized by precipitation method using sodium silicate and dilute hydrochloric acid under controlled conditions. The synthesized silica was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), BET adsorption and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The particle size of silica was calculated to be 13 nm from the XRD results and the surface area was found to be 295 m2/g by BET method. The performance of this synthesized nanosilica as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber (NR) compound was investigated. The commercial silica was used as the reference material. Nanosilica was found to be effective reinforcing filler in natural rubber compound. Filler-matrix interaction was better for nanosilica than the commercial silica. The synthesized nanosilica was used in place of conventional silica in HRH (hexamethylene tetramine, resorcinol and silica) bonding system for natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber / Nylon 6 short fiber composites. The efficiency of HRH bonding system based on nanosilica was better. Nanosilica was also used as reinforcing filler in rubber / Nylon 6 short fiber hybrid composite. The cure, mechanical, ageing, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of nanosilica / Nylon 6 short fiber / elastomeric hybrid composites were studied in detail. The matrices used were natural rubber (NR), nitrile rubber (NBR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR). Fiber loading was varied from 0 to 30 parts per hundred rubber (phr) and silica loading was varied from 0 to 9 phr. Hexa:Resorcinol:Silica (HRH) ratio was maintained as 2:2:1. HRH loading was adjusted to 16% of the fiber loading. Minimum torque, maximum torque and cure time increased with silica loading. Cure rate increased with fiber loading and decreased with silica content. The hybrid composites showed improved mechanical properties in the presence of nanosilica. Tensile strength showed a dip at 10 phr fiber loading in the case of NR and CR while it continuously increased with fiber loading in the case of NBR and SBR. The nanosilica improved the tensile strength, modulus and tear strength better than the conventional silica. Abrasion resistance and hardness were also better for the nanosilica composites. Resilience and compression set were adversely affected. Hybrid composites showed anisotropy in mechanical properties. Retention in ageing improved with fiber loading and was better for nanosilica-filled hybrid composites. The nanosilica also improved the thermal stability of the hybrid composite better than the commercial silica. All the composites underwent two-step thermal degradation. Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of all the elastomeric composites followed a first-order reaction. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that storage modulus (E’) and loss modulus (E”) increased with nanosiica content, fiber loading and frequency for all the composites, independent of the matrix. The highest rate of increase was registered for NBR rubber.

Investigations of Nonlinear Optical Properties of certain organic photonic materials using Z-Scan and DFWM techniques

Nonlinear optical processes in organic compounds have attracted considerable interest in the field of science and technology because of their compelling technological promises in fields of optical communication,computing,switching and signal processing.As a result of the synthesis of novel organic compounds with varying degree of nonlinear optical strength, many practical devices based on these are getting realised giving new theoretical insights into the nonolinear optical behaviour of materials.Organic compounds like phthalocyanines and porphyrins have evoked great deal of interest in the field of photonic technology.The present thesis describes the results obtained from the investigations carried out on the nonlinear optical properties of certain organo-metallic compounds using Z-Scan and DFWM techniques.

Modification of Short Fibre Reinforced pp and HDPE Using Nanosilica

The present study was undertaken to prepare nanosilica by a simple cost effective means and to use it as a potential nanomodifier in thermoplastic matrices and to develop useful composites. Nanosilica was prepared from sodium silicate and dilute hydrochloric acid by polymer induced crystallization technique under controlled conditions. The silica surface was modified by silane coupling agent to decrease the agglomeration and thus to increase the reinforcement with polymer. The pristine nanosilica and modified nanosilica were used to make nano-micro hybrid composites. Short glass fibres and nylon fibres were used as microfillers. The hybrid nanocomposites based on Polypropylene (PP) and High density poly ethylene (HOPE) are prepared. The mechanical, thermal, crystallization and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites are evaluated.

Modification of Polypropylene and Polystyrene Using Nanosilica

The present work focuses on the modification of the commonly used thermoplastics, polypropylene and polystyrene using nanosilica preparcd from a cheap source of sodium silicate. Melt compounding technique has been used for nanocomposite preparation as it is simple and suited to injection moulding. Nanosilica in a polymer matrix provide significant enhancement in strength, stiffness and impact strength. Incorporation of silica particles in a polymer also improves its thennal stability. To achieve better dispersion of fillers in polymer matrices the mixing was done at different shear rates. The enhancement in material properties indicates that at higher shear rates there is greater interaction between particles and the matrix and it depends on filler concentration and type of polymer used. N anosilica is a useful filler in thennoplastic polymers and has been applied in automotive applications, electronic appliances and consumer goods.This thesis is divided into six chapters. General introduction to the topic is described in chapter 1. Salient features of polymer nanocomposites, their synthesis, properties and applications are presented. A review of relevant literature and the scope and objectives are also mentioned in this chapter.The materials used and the vanous experimental method and techniques employed in the study are described in chapter 2. Preparation of nanocomposites by melt blending using Thenno Haake Rheocord, preparation of samples, evaluation of mechanical and thennal properties using UTM, Impact testing and characterization using DMA, TGA and DSC and morphology by SEM are described.The preparation of nanosilica from a laboratory scale to a pilot plant scale is described in chapter 3. Generation of surface modified silica, evaluation of kinetic parameters of the synthesis reaction, scale up of the reactor and modeling of the reactor are also dealt with in this chapter.The modification of the commodity thennoplastic, Polypropylene using nanosilica is described in chapter 4. Preparation of PP/silica nanocomposites, evaluation of mechanical properties, thermal and crystallization characteristics, water absorption and ageing resistance studies are also presented.The modification of Polystyrene using synthesized nanosilica IS described in chapter 5. The method of preparation of PS/silica nanocomposites, evaluation of mechanical properties (static and dynamic), thermal properties melt flow characteristics using Haake Rheocord, water absorption and ageing resistance of these nanocomposites are studied.