1000 resultados para Natureza da ciência
Resumo:
Expe-se um programa de pesquisa sobre a natureza incompleta do conhecimento cientfico, estendendo-o para anlise do currculo mnimo de economia no Brasil, e a consequente formulao de propostas de mudana. Considerando os diferentes nveis de abstrao na tricotomia ciência pura, aplicada e arte da ciência, observa-se que o currculo mnimo prescreve formao apropriada para a economia social ou aplicada. Conclui-se pela convenincia de mais dois anos, um para reforo da economia pura no ciclo bsico, outro para a arte da economia no profissionalizante. Considera-se ainda uma especializao em economia pura, voltada apenas para ensino e pesquisa.
Resumo:
Este artigo discute a questo da interdisciplinaridade no mbito da adjudicao a partir do carter ubquo da dimenso extra-jurdica na anlise das condies de validade das inferncias jurdicas. Nos processos adjudicatrios, essa ubiquidade implica outra, a saber, a dos argumentos empricos e tericos necessrios para suportar as pretenses de verdade que acompanham as premissas extra-jurdicas das inferncias jurdicas (i.e., das inferncias que estruturam os processos de adjudicao e fundamentam as decises dos casos concretos). Esses argumentos, juntamente com as referidas premissas e pretenses de verdade, so pontos de comutao que se encontram disponveis para transies do Direito Ciência e, posteriormente, para recepo e aproveitamento dos produtos das mais variadas disciplinas cientficas no mbito da argumentao jurdica. A pergunta a ser formulada, portanto, no se h maior ou menor espao para a interdisciplinaridade nos processos de adjudicao, pois ela estar a, sempre, potencialmente presente. O que devemos nos questionar quais seriam as implicaes de uma ampla atualizao desta potencialidade, i.e., da intensificao de um movimento de penetrao do conhecimento extra-jurdico (de procedncia cientfica) enquanto fundamento das decises de juzes e tribunais, normalmente s custas da confiana na capacidade racionalizadora do senso comum ou das mximas de experincia (Taruffo, 2001). Trata-se de um movimento que est ampliando-se e intensificando-se a toque de caixa e que j levou alguns autores a especularem inclusive sobre o eventual incio de um processo de des-diferenciao do Direito (Schauer, 2000). A conjectura apresentada no presente artigo certamente no vai to longe, mas ela sugere que esta possibilidade de circulao pelo interior da Ciência, inscrita nas inferncias normativas que suportam argumentativamente os processos decisrios voltados soluo de casos concretos no Direito, poder revelar-se problemtica da perspectiva da garantia das condies de justificao intersubjetiva de tais inferncias.
Resumo:
This work analyses how the internationalization process reinforces the polarization existing in the scientific field of economics in Brazil and generates differentiation in terms of professional strategies on the part of the members of each pole. It also shows that some assets provided by participation in the international scientific network bring prestige to certain economists and give them legitimacy to hold high positions in the government.
Resumo:
It is difficult to be precise as to the history of auditing. Everyone who has the responsibility to verify the legitimacy of economic-financial data and answer to ones superior may be considered to be an auditor. Verbal audit reports were used during the time of the Roman Empire. In the current world, public administration applies advanced auditing techniques. Brazil is going through a complex process of change in regard to breaking away from the present bureaucratic administrative model toward the management administrative model. Consequently, the procedures of Brazils Audit Courts are adapting to a new administrative paradigm outlined in this study. Operational audits were analyzed beginning with the theoretical basis and presuppositions in the defined context and compared with the traditional audit model, identifying possible contributions to the management administrative model. This qualitative research seeks to explore such contributions beginning with a critical reading of the research of six operational type audits made in the Federal area by the Audit Court, but does not intend to be strictly classified as a theoretical-critical basis to the extent and depth that a study of this type requires, nevertheless, it intends to approach this position. The results obtained of the systematic reading and criticism of the implemented procedures and the filed final reports of the six examples studied demonstrated that they are a model of operational audits with emphasis on the actions of public administrators evaluating the aspects of competence, productivity and effectiveness of the public administration not just to be adequate, but essential to the operation of management administration. The final considerations highlight the basic presupposition of management administration, that is, the accountability of public management based on the results of its management obtained with the use of operational audit techniques, seeking the expected rigor of public management in benefit of society.
Resumo:
Este estudo prope um conjunto de indicadorespara avaliar impactos de projetos pblicos de desenvolvimento cientfico-tecnolgico realizados sob o arcabouo de programas de desenvolvimento regional. Os indicadores so baseados na proposta de desenvolvimento sustentvel. Parte-se da premissa de que os investimentos pblicos em ciência e tecnologia (C&T) so motivados pela crena no papel importante da inovao tecnolgica no desenvolvimento econmico. Em sociedades democrticas a probidade destes investimentos normalmente testada em avaliaes externas, baseadas em padres acadmicos, que habilitam polticos, acadmicos e empresas a melhorarem o desempenho dos projetos. No estudo de campo foi realizada avaliaode projetos do Plo de Modernizao Tecnolgica da Serra, o qual integra o Programa de Apoio aos Plos de Inovao Tecnolgica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os projetos analisadosforam: Agroindstria-escolapara o desenvolvimentode pesquisa e profissionalizao do pequeno produtor rural, Plo oleoqumico de plantas aromticas e medicinais e Rede de cooperao da indstria de matrizes. A avaliao considerou impactos econmicos, sociais, ambientais e institucionais, observados nas dimenses do desenvolvimentosustentvel.A pesquisa baseou-se em consulta a documentos, visitas s propriedades rurais e s empresas e entrevistascom as partes interessadas (governo, pesquisadores, representantes da indstria, acadmicos e polticos). O estudo demonstrou que os impactos econmicos dos projetos foram mais evidentes, principalmente porque o alvo explcito do Programa era a reconverso dos setores econmicos tradicionais. Os impactos sociais foram vistos em indicadores de melhor qualidade de vida e de condies de trabalho e de oportunidades de formao educacional Os impactos ambientais mostraram ampliao da consciência ambiental entre agricultores dos projetos de agroindstria, embora isso se deva tambm regulamentao legal para implantao das empresas. Os membros do projeto da rede de cooperao da indstria de matrizes mostraram que a postura deles quanto questo ambiental poderia ser melhorada por meio de instruo e de novos incentivos. Os impactos institucionais foram visveis na melhoria do potencial da universidade e de instituies similares para contribuir com o desenvolvimentoregional e na confiana nos investimentos em C&Tpara melhorar a competitividadelocal.
Resumo:
This is a master's degree dissertation that has for main objective analyzes the relationship among the areas of the knowledge, tourism and administration, under the optics of contributions in different instances, establishing analogies and reflections, tends as empiric field, the case of the municipal district of So Lus, in Maranho State. It approaches the epistemology analysis of the tourist phenomenon discussing the employed speeches, faiths, myths, dependence, virtues and sins in the interpretation of the study. It points subjects related to the context of higher education in tourism, establishing connections with the management in a theoretical atmosphere, demonstrating the roads of evolution of the study, as well as, it permeates on analogies and reflections with tourism. It questions on the current scenery of degree courses in tourism, making connections with beginnings management studies. The proposed study, characterized as descriptive-explanatory of object, it bases on model Tourism Education Quality (TEDQUAL) near from objectives, to involve researches - documental and a field - accomplished in the years of 2005 and 2006. As sample for quotas, accomplished four universities, to presents results the expectations of analyzed subjects (students, profesionals, employers and educators) on the group of hypotheses. That spectrum of results makes possible reflections and proposed based in analysis on perspectives in superior tourism education. The research was limited the studied area and chosen sample it intends to be a tool to show the reality found in those courses, could address academic researches and practical actions developed by the education managers.
Resumo:
The Internet has taken the world by storm. It has eliminated the barriers of technology, and unlocked the doors to electronic commerce and the 'Virtual Economy'. It has given us a glimpse into the future of 'Business' itself, and it has created a bewildering variety of choices in our personal and professional lives. It has taken on a life of its own, and we are all frantically trying to keep up. Many overwhelmed companies are asking questions like: 'What should our Internet Strategy be?' Or 'How do we put our business on the Internet like everybody else is doing?' or 'How do we use this thing to make money without spending any?'. These questions may seem reasonable on the surface, but they miss the point because they focus on the technologies rather than the core issues of conducting day-to-day business. The Internet can indeed offer fast returns in marketing reach, speed, director consumer sales and so on, and many companies are using it to good advantage, but the highest and best use of any such technology is to support, enhance and even re-invent the fundamentals of general business practice. When the initial excitement is over, and companies gain experience and confidence with the new business models, this larger view will begin to assert itself. Companies will then start to position their 'Internet Strategies' in context of where the business world itself is going over time, and how they can prepare for what is to come. Until now, the business world has been very fragmented, its collective progress limited (in part) by the inability to communicate within and between companies. Now that the technical remedy seems to be at hand and standards are beginning to emerge, we are starting to see a trend toward consolidation, cooperation, and economic synergy. Companies are improving their internal business processes with Intranets, and Electronic Commerce initiatives have sprung up using EDI, the World Wide Web, E-Mail, secure credit card payments and other tools. Companies are using the Internet to talk to each other and to sell their goods and services to the end consumer. Like Berlin, the walls are coming down because they have to. Electronic 'Communities of Common Interest' are beginning to surface, with the goal of supporting and aligning similar industries (such as Government, Insurance, Transportation and Health care) or similar business functions (such as Purchasing, Payments, and Human Resources). As these communities grow and mature, their initial scope will broaden and their spheres of influence will expand. They will begin to overlap into other communities, creating a synergistic effect and reshaping the conduct of business. The business world will undergo a gradual evolution toward globalization, driven by economic imperatives and natural selection in the marketplace, and facilitated by Electronic Commerce and Internet technologies. The business world 'beyond 2000' will have a substantially different look and feel than that which we see today.
Resumo:
How strategical decisions are taken? The present work consists of a psychological experiment that it aims to search the knowledge about the subcognitive structure of strategical vision of deeper form, investigating its interaction with the cognitives processes of human beings perception, memory, and learning. We also argue the nature of chunks (pieces or units), that, in opposition to the current theories, we consider to be provided with essence or meanings in detriment of the appearance or superficial features. In this way, we choose as domain for our experiment the chess game, because its dealing with lesser complexity of the one that decisions in the politics or industry. Thus, we shows the importance that the perception of the abstract roles playing in specific chess position, leading to a strategical vision of this. Moreover, after the experiment, was verified that the expert chess players are capable to perceive distinct positions in the appearance as being similar strategically", while that the beginners had gotten greater difficulty. Finally, we present part of an emergent theory that claims that the human being cognition is nothing more than the abstract perception, as well as the replication of this theory in other domains, for example in the management and the real world."
Resumo:
Esta tese trata da questo da racionalidade substantiva e da sua importncia para projetos e programas ecolgicos e de desenvolvimento sustentvel. Discute alguns desses projetos localizados na regio de Manaus, mostrando aspectos organizacionais de financiamento.
Resumo:
Apresento nesta dissertao, que inspirada nos Estudos Culturais, anlises discursivas sobre representaes de natureza, e outras que considero estarem a elas articuladas, na nova verso da srie televisiva (reproduzida em vdeos comercializados inclusive nos supermercados brasileiros) o Stio do Picapau Amarelo, produzida pela TV Globo. Esta srie, tal como as outras que a antecederam e que foram veiculadas pela TV Tupi (1951), TV Cultura (1964), TV Bandeirantes (1967) e TV Globo (1977), uma adaptao das obras infanto-juvenis de mesmo nome, escritas por Jos Bento Monteiro Lobato, na primeira metade do sculo XX. Neste estudo, considero tal srie, a partir de anlises conduzidas por Kellner (2001 e 1995), Giroux (2003, 2001 e 1995), Steinberg (1997), como uma importante pedagogia cultural. Nele detenho-me, especialmente, nos episdios: O Saci, As caadas de Pedrinho e O poo do Visconde, nos quais a mata, os arredores do stio e outros cenrios naturais so bastante destacados. A partir deles, discuto: os modos de endereamento da nova srie televisiva; o modo como se lida na srie com a dicotomia tantas vezes assumida entre alta e baixa cultura, bem como com situaes que envolvem e colocam em oposio o urbano e o rural, o global e o local; e com as representaes de natureza, que a configuram ora como ameaadora, ora como ameaada em muitos desses episdios. Destaco que, para o desenvolvimento das anlises, foram tambm considerados os textos das histrias de Lobato e uma das antigas sries (veiculada pela TV Globo nos anos de 1977 a 1986), a qual se constituiu em um extenso (foi apresentada durante nove anos) e muito apreciado programa televisivo para crianas.
Resumo:
Trata da questo da gerncia em sade e um dos seus pilares as concepes da natureza humana na organizao. Aponta vrias dimenses reveladoras como envolvimento no trabalho, conceitos sobre a organizao e poder. Caracteriza as principais atitudes inter-humanas
Resumo:
Compe-se esta dissertao de trs partes. A primeira parte reconstitui e sistematiza a bibliografia recente sobre Mudana Organizacional produzida por acadmicos e consultores. A segunda parte narra o caso prtico das mudanas ocorridas numa unidade de negcios da Rhodia S.A., permitindo a contraposio dos elementos terico-conceituais aos eventos descritos. A terceira parte sintetiza os aspectos principais e estabelece um dilogo entre teoria e prtica, apresentando uma srie de princpios para a compreenso e conduo de processos de mudanas organizacional.