青藏高原矮嵩草草甸种子库的初步研究

The seed bank of Kobresia humilis meadow in Qing- Zang Plateau was preliminaryly studied and the relationships among seed bank , seed rain and above-ground vegetation were compared and analysed.The results showed that there were 23 species in the seed bank in both of green up and withering stage. In species composition of the seed bank ,Ranunculaceae and Leguminosae were dominant ,while the percentage of Cyperaceae and Gramineae were lower. The percentage of K. humilis seeds was relatively lower with 0. 97 % in green up stage and 1. 97 % in withering stage. The species composition of the seed bank correlated with that of the seed rain ( r = 0. 7505 , P < 0. 01) ,and there were 18 common species which was 78. 3 %of species of the seed bank. Only 41. 81 %of above-ground vegetation species presented in the seed bank. The seed numbers of the dominant plant species in vegetation were smaller , with lower percentage in the seed bank. Therefore , the dominant vegetation of K. humilis et al. mainly depended on vegetative reproduction to maintain and strengthen. From vegetation to the seed bank in green up stage ,the species diversity decreased by 9. 94 %. It implied that the seed bank was the source of vegetation regeneration , but also a mechanism of preserving species diversity of the plants.

Mitochondrial and chloroplast phylogeography of Picea crassifolia Kom. (Pinaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent highlands

The disjunct distribution of forests in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent Helan Shan and Daqing Shan highlands provides an excellent model to examine vegetation shifts, glacial refugia and gene flow of key species in this complex landscape region in response to past climatic oscillations and human disturbance. In this study, we examined maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (nad1 intron b/c and nad5 intron 1) and paternally inherited chloroplast DNA (trnC-trnD) sequence variation within a dominant forest species, Picea crassifolia Kom. We recovered nine mitotypes and two chlorotypes in a survey of 442 individuals from 32 populations sampled throughout the species' range. Significant mitochondrial DNA population subdivision was detected (G(ST) = 0.512; N-ST = 0.679), suggesting low levels of recurrent gene flow through seeds among populations and significant phylogeographical structure (N-ST > GST, P < 0.05). Plateau haplotypes differed in sequence from those in the adjacent highlands, suggesting a long period of allopatric fragmentation between the species in the two regions and the presence of independent refugia in each region during Quaternary glaciations. On the QTP platform, all but one of the disjunct populations surveyed were fixed for the same mitotype, while most populations at the plateau edge contained more than one haplotype with the mitotype that was fixed in plateau platform populations always present at high frequency. This distribution pattern suggests that present-day disjunct populations on the QTP platform experienced a common recolonization history. The same phylogeographical pattern, however, was not detected for paternally inherited chloroplast DNA haplotypes. Two chlorotypes were distributed throughout the range of the species with little geographical population differentiation (G(ST) = N-ST = 0.093). This provides evidence for highly efficient pollen-mediated gene flow among isolated forest patches, both within and between the QTP and adjacent highland populations. A lack of isolation to pollen-mediated gene flow between forests on the QTP and adjacent highlands is surprising given that the Tengger Desert has been a geographical barrier between these two regions for approximately the last 1.8 million years.

Pollinator shift and reproductive performance of the qinghai-tibetan plateau endemic and endangered Swertia przewalskii (Gentianaceae)

Reproductive failure results in many plant species becoming endangered. However, little is known of how and to what extent pollinator shifts affect reproductive performance of endangered species as a result of the artificial introduction of alien insects. In this study we examined breeding systems, visitor species, visiting frequency and seed set coefficients of Swertia przewalskii in two years that had different dominant pollinator species (native vs. alien). Flowers of this species were protandrous and herkogamous and insects were needed for the production of seeds. The stigmatic receptivity of this species was shorter than for other gentians. No significant difference in seed set coefficient was found for hand-pollinated plants between the two years, indicating that pollinator shift only had a minor effect on this plant's breeding system. The commonest pollinators in 2002 were native bumblebees, alien honeybees and occasional solitary bees, however, only alien honeybees were observed in 2004. The flower visitation rate in both years was relatively high, although the total visit frequency decreased significantly in 2004. The control flowers without any treatment produced significantly fewer seed sets in 2004 than in 2002. In the past decade the seed production of this species may have partly decreased due to pollination by alien honeybees, however, we suggest that they might have acted as alternative pollinators ensuring seed production of S. przewalskii when native pollinators were unavailable. The main reason that this plant is endangered is probably the result of habitat destruction, but changes in land use, namely intensified agricultural practice and unfavorable animal husbandry have also contributed to its decline. We recommend that in-situ conservation, including the establishment of a protected area, is the best way to preserve this species effectively.

考虑负荷的制造单元划分方法

制造单元的划分是实施单元化生产的关键途径。本文提出了一种基于工件制造工艺的并考虑机床负荷的单元划分算法。首先根据工件的加工特征及机床负荷定义了同类实体之间相似性。然后根据启发式规则选择工件族及制造单元的种子元素,并以聚类块内的离散程度作为评价标准,对系统内的工件和机床进行了聚类。

Synthesis and perfection evaluation of NaA zeolite membrane

The synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane on a porous alpha -Al2O3 support from clear solution and the evaluation of the perfection of the as-synthesized membrane by gas permeation were investigated. When an unseeded support was used, the NaA zeolite began to transform into other types of zeolites before a continuous NaA zeolite membrane formed. When the support was coated with nucleation seeds, not only the formation of NaA zeolite on the support surface was accelerated, but also the transformation of NaA zeolite into other types of zeolites was inhibited. A continuous NaA zeolite membrane can be formed. Perfection evaluation indicated that the NaA zeolite membrane with the synthesis time of 3 h showed the best perfection after a one-stage synthesis. The perfection of NaA zeolite membrane can be improved by employing the multi-stage synthesis method. The NaA zeolite membrane with a synthesis time of 2 h after a two-stage synthesis showed the best gas permeation performance, The permselectivity of H-2/n-C4H10 and O-2/N-2 were 19.1 and 1.8, respectively, higher than those of the corresponding Knudsen diffusion selectivity of 5.39 and 0.94, which showed the molecular sieving effect of NaA zeolite. However, the permeation of n-C4H10 also indicated that the NaA zeolite membrane had certain defects, the diameter of which were larger than the NaA zeolite channels. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Tecnologia de sementes de forrageiras tropicais: demandas estratégicas de pesquisa.

A produção de sementes de forrageiras tropicais representa um importante segmento da indústria de sementes no Brasil e há a necessidade do estabelecimento de prioridades para aumentar a eficiência do setor. Neste documento estão apresentados os resultados da discussão efetuada pelo grupo de trabalho reunido durante o Workshop "Tecnologia de Sementes de Forrageiras Tropicais: Demandas Estratégicas de Pesquisa", realizado pela Embrapa Gado de Corte em abril de 2008. As demandas de pesquisa discutidas e consideradas prioritárias foram pertinentes a vários aspectos da produção e tecnologia de sementes de forrageiras tropicais, da semeadura ao processamento, bem como ao armazenamento e análises laboratoriais.

Tecnologia de sementes de forrageiras tropicais: demandas estratégicas de pesquisa.

A produção de sementes de forrageiras tropicais representa um importante segmento da indústria de sementes no Brasil e há a necessidade do estabelecimento de prioridades para aumentar a eficiência do setor. Neste documento estão apresentados os resultados da discussão efetuada pelo grupo de trabalho reunido durante o Workshop "Tecnologia de Sementes de Forrageiras Tropicais: Demandas Estratégicas de Pesquisa", realizado pela Embrapa Gado de Corte em abril de 2008. As demandas de pesquisa discutidas e consideradas prioritárias foram pertinentes a vários aspectos da produção e tecnologia de sementes de forrageiras tropicais, da semeadura ao processamento, bem como ao armazenamento e análises laboratoriais.

Produção de alho-semente com alta qualidade fitossanitária mediante cultura de ápices caulinares.

Metodologia de produção de plantas livres de vírus; Indução de parte aérea; Crescimento dos microbulbos; Indexação de plantas; Produção de alho-semente livre de vírus em condições fitossanitárias controladas.

Detecção do melon yellowing associated virus (MYaV) em áreas produtoras de melão na Região Nordeste.

2009

Desempenho de genótipos de canola no Mato Grosso do Sul, 2006.

2007

Performance of canola genotypes in Mato Grosso do Sul, 2006.

2007

Germinação de sementes de dendê (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.), utilizando o método de calor seco.

Informações sobre a germinacao de sementes de dende pelo método de calor seco, envolvendo desde o tratamento das sementes até a recomendação de armazenamento.

Novos clones de guaranazeiro para o Estado do Amazonas.

Esses novos clones de guaranazeiro, podem contribuir expressivamente para o desenvolvimento da cultura do guaraná, com aumento em quantidade e qualidade da produção estadual desse fruto, que é considerado de grande importância econômica e social na região.

Importancia da analise sanitaria de sementes para o manejo da esclerotinia no cerrado.

2001

Dendê: uma nova opção agrícola.

Dendê, uma nova opção agrícola. Fatores técnicos limitantes. Centro de Pesquisa. Programa de Pesquisa de Dendê. Abrangência do Programa. Acordos de cooperação internacional. Recursos humanos e financeiros. Resultados esperados. Difusão e capacitação. Quadro de pesquisadores do CNPSD. Equipe técnica no CNPSD.