Interacción genotipo por ambiente sobre caracteres de calidad comercial e industrial en trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.)

El genotipo (G), el ambiente (A) y la interacción G x A pueden influir de manera diferente sobre las característica que definen la calidad comercial e industrial de trigo pan. Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron: 1) Caracterizar el rendimiento y a sus componentes en cultivares de trigo pertenecientes a diferentes grupos de calidad, expuestos a ofertas de nitrógeno contrastantes. 2) Estudiar el impacto de distinta disponibilidad de nitrógeno sobre los componentes fisiológicos del llenado de los granos (i.e tasa y duración) en distintaas variedades de trigo pan y su posible efecto sobre los parámetros de calidad. 3) Caracterizar y cuantificar la interacción genotipo por ambiente sobre la expresión de los parámetros que determinan el rendimiento y la calidad comercial e industrial del trigo pan en ambientes con diferentes disponibilidades de nitrógeno. Se realizaron ensayos en dos localidades, durante dos años, utilizando seis variedades de distinta aptitud panadera (2 de cada grupo de clasificación por grupo de calidad -GC-), aplicando cuatro tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenadas. Se evaluó el efecto genético, ambiental y la interacción G x A, sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes, el peso de los granos y sus componentes y sobre los parámetros de calidad comercial e industrial. Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento y sus componentes (número de granos, biomasa aérea, eficiencia de uso de la radiación interceptada acumulada) fueron afectados principalmente por el ambiente y el manejo nutricional dentro de de cada ambiente. Para el peso de los granos y sus componentes (tasa y duración) el efecto del manejo del nitrógeno no fue importante, aunque sí lo fue el efecto genotipo. Para los parámetros de calidad el efecto genotipo fue más importante solo para la tenacidad, mientras que el peso hectolítrico, gluten húmedo, fuerza panadera, la relación de equilibrio (P/L) y volumen de pan fueron modificados principalmente por el efecto ambiente no manejable como son el año y la localidad, en tanto la proteína fue afectada principalmente por el factor ambiental asociado al manejo nutricional. La interacción GxA fue el efecto que explicó en mayor medida las variaciones de rendimiento de harina, absorción de agua y tiempo de amasado. La fuerte interacción GxA observada para la mayoría de los parámetros de calidad determinó que variedades de un determinado GC cambien de grupo asociado principalmente a factores ambientales como la localidad y el año, mientras que el manejo nutricional tuvo un impacto menor

Momento de ocurrencia, magnitud y reiteración de lluvias como determinante del lavado del grano de trigo y su efecto en la calidad comercial e industrial

p.45-53

Interacción genotipo por ambiente sobre caracteres de calidad comercial e industrial en trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.)

El genotipo (G), el ambiente (A)y la interacción G x A pueden influir de manera diferente sobre las característica que definen la calidad comercial e industrial de trigo pan. Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron: 1)Caracterizar el rendimiento y a sus componentes en cultivares de trigo pertenecientes a diferentes grupos de calidad, expuestos a ofertas de nitrógeno contrastantes. 2)Estudiar el impacto de distinta disponibilidad de nitrógeno sobre los componentes fisiológicos del llenado de los granos (i.e tasa y duración)en distintaas variedades de trigo pan y su posible efecto sobre los parámetros de calidad. 3)Caracterizar y cuantificar la interacción genotipo por ambiente sobre la expresión de los parámetros que determinan el rendimiento y la calidad comercial e industrial del trigo pan en ambientes con diferentes disponibilidades de nitrógeno. Se realizaron ensayos en dos localidades, durante dos años, utilizando seis variedades de distinta aptitud panadera (2 de cada grupo de clasificación por grupo de calidad -GC-), aplicando cuatro tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenadas. Se evaluó el efecto genético, ambiental y la interacción G x A, sobre el rendimiento y sus componentes, el peso de los granos y sus componentes y sobre los parámetros de calidad comercial e industrial. Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento y sus componentes (número de granos, biomasa aérea, eficiencia de uso de la radiación interceptada acumulada)fueron afectados principalmente por el ambiente y el manejo nutricional dentro de de cada ambiente. Para el peso de los granos y sus componentes (tasa y duración)el efecto del manejo del nitrógeno no fue importante, aunque sí lo fue el efecto genotipo. Para los parámetros de calidad el efecto genotipo fue más importante solo para la tenacidad, mientras que el peso hectolítrico, gluten húmedo, fuerza panadera, la relación de equilibrio (P/L)y volumen de pan fueron modificados principalmente por el efecto ambiente no manejable como son el año y la localidad, en tanto la proteína fue afectada principalmente por el factor ambiental asociado al manejo nutricional. La interacción GxA fue el efecto que explicó en mayor medida las variaciones de rendimiento de harina, absorción de agua y tiempo de amasado. La fuerte interacción GxA observada para la mayoría de los parámetros de calidad determinó que variedades de un determinado GC cambien de grupo asociado principalmente a factores ambientales como la localidad y el año, mientras que el manejo nutricional tuvo un impacto menor

Efecto del pastoreo del trigo sobre el rendimiento y la calidad industrial del grano

p.93-102

Modelling of industrial multi-physics processes—a key role for computational mechanics.

In the analysis of industrial processes, there is an increasing emphasis on systems governed by interacting continuum phenomena. Mathematical models of such multi-physics processes can only be achieved for practical simulations through computational solution procedures—computational mechanics. Examples of such multi-physics systems in the context of metals processing are used to explore some of the key issues. Finite-volume methods on unstructured meshes are proposed as a means to achieve efficient rapid solutions to such systems. Issues associated with the software design, the exploitation of high performance computers, and the concept of the virtual computational-mechanics modelling laboratory are also addressed in this context.

The airEXODUS evacuation model and its application to evacuation certification, crew training and accident investigation.

Computer based mathematical models describing the aircraft evacuation process have a vital role to play in the design and development of safer aircraft, in the implementation of safer and more rigorous certification criteria, cabin crew training and in post mortuum accident investigation. As the risk of personal injury and costs involved in performing large-scale evacuation experiments for the next generation 'Ultra High Capacity Aircraft' (UHCA) are expected to be high, the development and use of these evacuation modelling tools may become essential if these aircraft are to prove a viable reality. In this paper the capabilities and limitations of the airEXODUS evacuation model are described. Its successful application to the prediction of a recent certification trial, prior to the actual trial taking place, is described. Also described is a newly defined parameter known as OPS which can be used as a measure of evacuation trial optimality. In addition, sample evacuation simulations in the presence of fire atmospheres are described. Finally, the data requiremnets of the airEXODUS evacuation model is discussed along with several projects currently underway at the the Univesity of Greenwich designed to obtain this data. Included in this discussion is a description of the AASK - Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge - data base which contains detailed information from aircraft accident survivors.

AASK - Aircraft accident statistics and knowledge: A database of human experience in evacuation, derived from aviation accident reports

Computer based mathematical models describing the aircraft evacuation process have a vital role to play in aviation safety. However such models have a heavy dependency on real evacuation data in order to (a) identify the key processes and factors associated with evacuation, (b) quantify variables and parameters associated with the identified factors/processes and finally (c) validate the models. The Fire Safety Engineering Group of the University of Greenwich is undertaking a large data extraction exercise from three major data sources in order to address these issues. This paper describes the extraction and application of data from one of these sources - aviation accident reports. To aid in the storage and analysis of the raw data, a computer database known as AASK (aircraft accident statistics and knowledge) is under development. AASK is being developed to store human observational and anecdotal data contained in accident reports and interview transcripts. AASK comprises four component sub-databases. These consist of the ACCIDENT (crash details), FLIGHT ATTENDANT (observations and actions of the flight attendants), FATALS (details concerning passenger fatalities) and PAX (observations and accounts from individual passengers) databases. AASK currently contains information from 25 survivable aviation accidents covering the period 4 April 1977 to 6 August 1995, involving some 2415 passengers, 2210 survivors, 205 fatalities and accounts from 669 people. In addition to aiding the development of aircraft evacuation models, AASK is also being used to challenge some of the myths which proliferate in the aviation safety industry such as, passenger exit selection during evacuation, nature and frequency of seat jumping, speed of passenger response and group dynamics. AASK can also be used to aid in the development of a more comprehensive approach to conducting post accident interviews, and will eventually be used to store the data directly.

An aircraft accident database of human experience in evacuation derived from aviation accident reports

Computer based mathematical models describing the aircraft evacuation process have a vital role to play in aviation safety. However, such models have a heavy dependency on real evacuation data. The Fire Safety Engineering Group of the University of Greenwich is undertaking a large data extraction exercise in order to address this issue. This paper describes the extraction and application of data from aviation accident reports. To aid in the storage and analysis of the raw data, a computer database known as AASK (Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge) is under development. AASK is being developed to store human observational and anecdotal data contained in accident reports and interview transcripts. AASK currently contains information from 25 survivable aviation accidents covering the period 04/04/77 to 06/08/95, involving some 2415 passengers, 2210 survivors, 205 fatalities and accounts from 669 people. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bulk synchronous parallelization of industrial electromagentic software

The parallelization of existing/industrial electromagnetic software using the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) computation model is presented. The software employs the finite element method with a preconditioned conjugate gradient-type solution for the resulting linear systems of equations. A geometric mesh-partitioning approach is applied within the BSP framework for the assembly and solution phases of the finite element computation. This is combined with a nongeometric, data-driven parallel quadrature procedure for the evaluation of right-hand-side terms in applications involving coil fields. A similar parallel decomposition is applied to the parallel calculation of electron beam trajectories required for the design of tube devices. The BSP parallelization approach adopted is fully portable, conceptually simple, and cost-effective, and it can be applied to a wide range of finite element applications not necessarily related to electromagnetics.

The AASK Database V3.0: a database of human experience during aircraft evacuation incidents

This paper describes recent developments with the Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge (AASK) database. The AASK database is a repository of survivor accounts from aviation accidents developed by the Fire Safety Engineering Group of the University of Greenwich with support from the UK CAA. Its main purpose is to store observational and anecdotal data from the actual interviews of the occupants involved in aircraft accidents. Access to the latest version of the database (AASK V3.0) is available over the Internet. AASK consists of information derived from both passenger and cabin crew interviews, information concerning fatalities and basic accident details. Also provided with AASK is the Seat Plan Viewer that graphically displays the starting locations of all the passengers - both survivors and fatalities - as well as the exits used by the survivors. Data entered into the AASK database is extracted from the transcripts supplied by the National Transportation Safety Board in the US and the Air Accident Investigation Branch in the UK. The quality and quantity of the data was very variable ranging from short summary reports of the accidents to boxes of individual accounts from passengers, crew and investigators. Data imported into AASK V3.0 includes information from 55 accidents and individual accounts from 1295 passengers and 110 crew.

Numerical predictions of particle degradation in industrial-scale pneumatic conveyors

This paper presents an Eulerian-based numerical model of particle degradation in dilute-phase pneumatic conveying systems including bends of different angles. The model shows reasonable agreement with detailed measurements from a pilot-sized pneumatic conveying system and a much larger scale pneumatic conveyor. The potential of the model to predict degradation in a large-scale conveying system from an industrial plant is demonstrated. The importance of the effect of the bend angle on the damage imparted to the particles is discussed.

The AASK database V4.0: aircraft accident statistics and knowledge. A database to record human experience of evacuation in aviation accidents

This paper describes the AASK database. The AASK database is unique as it is a record of human behaviour during survivable aviation accidents. The AASK database is compiled from interview data compiled by agencies such as the NTSB and the AAIB. The database can be found on the website http://fseg.gre.ac.uk

Aircraft accident statistics and knowledge database: analyzing passenger behavior in aviation accidents

The Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge (AASK) database is a repository of passenger accounts from survivable aviation accidents/incidents compiled from interview data collected by agencies such as the US NTSB. Its main purpose is to store observational and anecdotal data from the actual interviews of the occupants involved in aircraft accidents. The database has wide application to aviation safety analysis, being a source of factual data regarding the evacuation process. It also plays a significant role in the development of the airEXODUS aircraft evacuation model, where insight into how people actually behave during evacuation from survivable aircraft crashes is required. This paper describes the latest version of the database (Version 4.0) and includes some analysis of passenger behavior during actual accidents/incidents.

Review of the technology and reliability issues arising as optical interconnects migrate onto the circuit board

Light has the greatest information carrying potential of all the perceivable interconnect mediums; consequently, optical fiber interconnects rapidly replaced copper in telecommunications networks, providing bandwidth capacity far in excess of its predecessors. As a result the modern telecommunications infrastructure has evolved into a global mesh of optical networks with VCSEL’s (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers) dominating the short-link markets, predominately due to their low-cost. This cost benefit of VCSELs has allowed optical interconnects to again replace bandwidth limited copper as bottlenecks appear on VSR (Very Short Reach) interconnects between co-located equipment inside the CO (Central-Office). Spurred by the successful deployment in the VSR domain and in response to both intra-board backplane applications and inter-board requirements to extend the bandwidth between IC’s (Integrated Circuits), current research is migrating optical links toward board level USR (Ultra Short Reach) interconnects. Whilst reconfigurable Free Space Optical Interconnect (FSOI) are an option, they are complicated by precise line-of-sight alignment conditions hence benefits exist in developing guided wave technologies, which have been classified into three generations. First and second generation technologies are based upon optical fibers and are both capable of providing a suitable platform for intra-board applications. However, to allow component assembly, an integral requirement for inter-board applications, 3rd generation Opto-Electrical Circuit Boards (OECB’s) containing embedded waveguides are desirable. Currently, the greatest challenge preventing the deployment of OECB’s is achieving the out-of-plane coupling to SMT devices. With the most suitable low-cost platform being to integrate the optics into the OECB manufacturing process, several research avenues are being explored although none to date have demonstrated sufficient coupling performance. Once in place, the OECB assemblies will generate new reliability issues such as assembly configurations, manufacturing tolerances, and hermetic requirements that will also require development before total off-chip photonic interconnection can truly be achieved

CAA paper 2006/01: a database to record human experience of evacuation in aviation accidents: the aircraft accident statistics and knowledge database (AASK)

This report concerns the development of the AASK V4.0 database (CAA Project 560/SRG/R+AD). AASK is the Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge database, which is a repository of survivor accounts from aviation accidents. Its main purpose is to store observational and anecdotal data from interviews of the occupants involved in aircraft accidents. The AASK database has wide application to aviation safety analysis, being a source of factual data regarding the evacuation process. It is also key to the development of aircraft evacuation models such as airEXODUS, where insight into how people actually behave during evacuation from survivable aircraft crashes is required. With support from the UK CAA (Project 277/SRG/R&AD), AASK V3.0 was developed. This was an on-line prototype system available over the internet to selected users and included a significantly increased number of passenger accounts compared with earlier versions, the introduction of cabin crew accounts, the introduction of fatality information and improved functionality through the seat plan viewer utility. The most recently completed AASK project (Project 560/SRG/R+AD) involved four main components: a) analysis of the data collected in V3.0; b) continued collection and entry of data into AASK; c) maintenance and functional development of the AASK database; and d) user feedback survey. All four components have been pursued and completed in this two-year project. The current version developed in the last year of the project is referred to as AASK V4.0. This report provides summaries of the work done and the results obtained in relation to the project deliverables.