Avaliação dos procedimentos de operação em aterros sanitários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

A operação de um aterro sanitário é um item fundamental para a gestão adequada dos resíduos por se tratar de um dos diferenciais entre aterros sanitários e lixões. Apesar da existência na literatura de manuais e referências para as rotinas de operação, esta é dependente da experiência dos operadores. Com o intuito de absorver esta experiência, o desenvolvimento do projeto se deu por um levantamento bibliográfico na literatura existente, elaboração de um questionário a ser aplicado nos aterros estudados, visitas aos aterros sanitários selecionados e estudo comparativo dos procedimentos encontrados no levantamento de campo e na literatura. O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a operação de aterros sanitários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e para sua realização foram selecionados cinco aterros sanitários: Aterro Sanitário de Piraí, Central de Tratamento de Resíduos de Rio das Ostras, Central de Tratamento de Resíduos de Macaé, Aterro Sanitário de São Pedro da Aldeia e Central de Tratamento de Resíduos de Nova Iguaçu.

O uso de operadores argumentativos em produções textuais na escola básica

Esta pesquisa tem como foco observar como alunos de escola básica utilizam os operadores argumentativos como recurso de coesão textual em uma redação dissertativo-argumentativa, modelo Enem. As produções foram constituídas durante o ano letivo de 2014, por alunos do 2 ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública. O trabalho foi desenvolvido à luz da Teoria da Argumentação, da Linguística Textual bem como das concepções de texto e gênero textual. O corpus analisado é constituído de 20 produções textuais de 10 alunos de uma escola básica. São 10 redações produzidas no início do ano e 10 no final do ano letivo mencionado. Com base nessas produções, foi possível estabelecer uma comparação no que diz respeito ao uso de operadores argumentativos como recurso coesivo. Constatou-se que esses elementos são utilizados tanto na primeira redação produzida quanto na segunda. Entretanto a ênfase no uso e na diversidade desses recursos foi maior nas produções do 2 semestre. Esses resultados foram apresentados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio de gráficos, para uma melhor visualização dos resultados. As reflexões acerca de leitura e produção de textos, problemas discursivos, textuais e linguísticos desenvolvidas durante o ano letivo, com o grupo de alunos que produziu os textos-corpus, são fatores que concorrem para esse resultado.

Crab mortality on Chesapeake Bay shedding floats

Reports of high mortality resulting from the impoundment of crabs (Callinectes sapidus) during the preshedding period, to produce soft crabs, have been current in Maryland and Virginia for many years. The death rate of crabs on floats has been estimated by certain of the operators to run as high as 86% at Cape Charles, and to figures nearly as high at Crisfield and elsewhere during one season of the year. A study of this mortality and the factors influencing it have been in progress at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory for two seasons.

Efficient sampling of atomic configurational spaces.

We describe a method to explore the configurational phase space of chemical systems. It is based on the nested sampling algorithm recently proposed by Skilling (AIP Conf. Proc. 2004, 395; J. Bayesian Anal. 2006, 1, 833) and allows us to explore the entire potential energy surface (PES) efficiently in an unbiased way. The algorithm has two parameters which directly control the trade-off between the resolution with which the space is explored and the computational cost. We demonstrate the use of nested sampling on Lennard-Jones (LJ) clusters. Nested sampling provides a straightforward approximation for the partition function; thus, evaluating expectation values of arbitrary smooth operators at arbitrary temperatures becomes a simple postprocessing step. Access to absolute free energies allows us to determine the temperature-density phase diagram for LJ cluster stability. Even for relatively small clusters, the efficiency gain over parallel tempering in calculating the heat capacity is an order of magnitude or more. Furthermore, by analyzing the topology of the resulting samples, we are able to visualize the PES in a new and illuminating way. We identify a discretely valued order parameter with basins and suprabasins of the PES, allowing a straightforward and unambiguous definition of macroscopic states of an atomistic system and the evaluation of the associated free energies.

Carp polyculture in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia: a manual

This Technical Paper is a basic guide to carp pond polyculture practicable in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) countries. It provides an overview on the guiding principles, aspects and tasks, and presents the most applicable production techniques and patterns of carp polyculture. For further reading and more in-depth information on the suggested techniques and technologies, it also includes a list of relevant FAO publications. It is expected that this publication will help identify resources and contribute to the successful planning and realization of fish production by those fish pond owners and operators who need to strengthen and improve their knowledge on the subject.

Financial assistance for purchase of large fishing vessels

The Government of Sri Lanka is improving off-shore and deep-shore fishing by introducing more sophisticated and larger vessels into the Sri Lanka waters, together with the offer of subsidies, tax holidays and other concessions to those who seek to operate such fishing vessels. As a first step, some thirty 38 foot class fishing vessels are to be introduced. The requisite variety and quantity of fishing gear is supplied together with the vessels, and operators will be given further assistance to either export or market their catches locally by provision of insulated fish transport vans, jeeps with trailers, crushed ice plants, fish storage cabinets and adequate spares for at least the next few years. A description is given of the credit terms offered for the purchase of such vessels, pre-shipment finance, and loans and hire purchase facilities.

Status of fish broodstock management and seed production in Bangladesh

The study was conducted with the broad objectives to assess the existing situation of broodstock management and fish seed production in private fish seed farms in Bangladesh. The data were collected from 100 private hatcheries and 40 nurseries in seven upazilas under four districts. There was no shed in forty hatcheries and the owners faced many problems. Brood fish ponds were found suitable for rearing brood fish. About 66% of the hatchery owners collected brood fish from their own ponds and ponds of neighboring areas. Activities like pond preparation; manuring and supplementary feeding were done properly but stocking density of brood fish in 76% of the hatcheries was 3,000-7,000 kg/ha. Infection of argulosis was found in brood fish of 87% of the hatcheries. About 67% of the hatchery owners practiced inter-species crossing. Major problems faced by the hatchery owners were argulosis of brood fish, unavailability of pure brood stock, inadequate brood fish pond. The hatchery owners were found interested to find out the preventive measures of argulosis, develop pure brood stock of indigenous carp and import pure strain of exotic carp. According to the nursery operators, they cultivated hybrid fry because of high demand, rapid growth and good taste. Problems of using hatchery spawn as mentioned by the nursery operators were inbreeding, under sized and aged brood stock, stunted growth, physical deformities and high mortality of spawn due to unknown causes.