The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax from South America and Africa

The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax are controversial. It is generally suggested that South American, and East and West African isolates could be classified as subspecies or species allied to T. vivax. This is the first phylogenetic study to compare South American isolates (Brazil and Venezuela) with West/East African T. vivax isolates. Phylogeny using ribosomal sequences positioned all T. vivax isolates tightly together on the periphery of the clade containing all Salivarian trypanosomes. The same branching of isolates within T. vivax clade was observed in all inferred phylogenies using different data sets of sequences (SSU, SSU plus 5.8S or whole ITS rDNA). T. vivax from Brazil, Venezuela and West Africa (Nigeria) were closely related corroborating the West African origin of South American T. vivax, whereas a large genetic distance separated these isolates from the East African isolate (Kenya) analysed. Brazilian isolates from cattle asymptomatic or showing distinct pathology were highly homogeneous. This study did not disclose significant polymorphism to separate West African and South American isolates into different species/subspecies and indicate that the complexity of T. vivax in Africa and of the whole subgenus Trypanosoma (Duttonella) might be higher than previously believed. © 2006 Cambridge University Press.

Brasil e polos emergentes do poder mundial: Rússia, India, China e Africa do Sul

Incluye bibliografía

An analysis of financial and monetary cooperation in Africa

Includes bibliography

Africa y América Latina: perspectivas de cooperación interregional

Incluye Bibliografía

Development, institutional and policy aspects of international migration between Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye bibliografía

Trade and maritime transport between Africa and South America

Includes bibliography

Resolución 6: Cotizaciones de emisiones de capital = Resolution 6: Quotations of capital issues = Résolution 6: Cotation des émissions de capital

El símbolo E/840/Rev.1 corresponde a la edición bilingüe inglés/francés publicada en 1953

Monitoring living conditions and poverty in South Africa

Includes bibliography

Poverty statistics and measurement in Africa

Includes bibliography

Promoción de la cooperación económica y técnica entre Africa y América Latina = Promotion of economic and technical co-operation between Africa and Latin America

Ofrece una síntesis de propuestas y recomendaciones concretas sobre maneras de establecer cooperación técnica y económica entre Africa y América Latina o de fortalecer la existente en los campos del desarrollo de los recursos humanos, del comercio interregional y de la ciencia y la tecnología. Incluye sugerencias para posibles acciones complementarias en el futuro.