A simulação de Monte Carlo como instrumento fundamental para a análise de viabilidade econômica: a implementação de uma fundição de ferro em uma empresa metalúrgica

In uncertainly economic scenarios, an economic feasibility analysis must be done to accept a project based on investment criteria, such as NPV and IRR, mainly because the shareholders tend to invest their budget in a project if it has a great chance to return their investments. The studied company outsources all of its foundry services, what makes it very dependent of its suppliers, because the products have a lower quality level, long delivery periods and high prices. Therefore, this work will analyze the project of building an iron-casting foundry to decrease the dependence of its suppliers. In order to develop this research, all needed data related to the construction of the foundry and sales were collected to create deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo Simulation) cash flows using MsExcel® and Oracle's Crystal Ball® software. As a result, the project was found to be risky by the NPV and IRR in the case of this new production line supplying only the internal needs. However, when the company offers its services to the foundry market, the project turns to be feasible

Simulação do tempo de descarga de caminhões graneleiros em uma estação de transbordo de carga em Porto Murtinho, MS

In the current decade, inter modal transport is widely discussed. In Brazil road transport is used in excess whereas there could be more focus and investment towards water transport. Water transport presents many benefits like being low cost and low maintenance. Sea and river ports today aren't capable of supporting Brazil's transport needs. Therefore, with this obstacle, this paper consists of an attempt of modeling and simulation of the process of unloading grain cargo from trucks, through simulation with ProModel software, to verify the necessity of installing more tumblers at the cargo unloading station in Porto Murtinho, MS

Uma discussão sobre o ensino da estatística para os estudantes de graduação na França, no Brasil, e nos Estados Unidos

Today statistics are one of the most important bases of the engineer formation. Statistics are used indirectly every day for engineers in a large panel of sectors like construction, mechanical engineering, biological engineering, electrical engineering, computer science etc. The main goal of this report is to compare different ways the engineers of tomorrow are formed in order to show which engineering is the best practice. The comparison will be done on different universities in France, Brazil and the US on Mechanical, Civil, Electrical and Production branches. We will compare the amount of courses required, the degree of knowledge needed and the mains subjects

Reflexões sobre o ensino de português para estrangeiros e sobre o ensino de português para falantes de língua materna

Le présent travail intitulé « Réflexions sur l’enseignement de la langue portugaise aux étrangers et sur l’enseignement de la langue portugaise aux natifs », a eu pour objectif d’enquêter sur les consensus et les désacords dans l’enseignement de la langue portugaise aux differents interlocuteurs. Des lectures préalables sur des textes de difusion scientifique qui ont pour but de divulguer des expériences sur l’enseignement du portugais aux étangers ont révélé l’importance atribuée à la connaisance de la culture quand il s’agit d’enseigner une langue donnée à de tels interlocuteurs. La connaissance de la culture est très importante dans ce cas de figure car il s’agit d’une conception plus ample : celle de l’interculturalisme. C’est pourquoi, nous faisons des lectures préalables dont la méthodologie proposée pour l’enseignement de la langue portugaise aux étrangers s’organise d’une telle façon que l’interlocuteur se trouve immergé dans la culture locale. Néanmoins, quand il s’agit de réfléchir à l’enseignement de la langue portugaise dédié aux natifs et basé sur les propositions curriculaires de la langue portugaise au collège et au lycée, datés de 1993 e 1998, qui constituent des textes de vulgarisation scientifique, on peut constater la préoccupation à réfléchir sur les conceptions de langage, langue, discours, texte et grammaire, des connaissances considérées comme importantes à la proposition de methodologies de l’enseignement de la langue portugaise dans le contexte très formel de l’enseignement scolaire. Le principal objectif de ce travail a consisté à analyser l’importance de la culture dans l’enseignement de la langue portugaise aux étrangers et natifs, le rapport entre culture, language, langue, discours, texte et grammaire dans l’enseignement du portugais aux étrangers et du portugais aux natifs, ainsi qu’à identifier le poids ...

Estudo de placas elásticas pelo metodo dos elementos de contorno

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal oferecer una herramienta alternativa para la resolución de placas finas, presentes en edifícios, relacionadas con los métodos de cálculo adquiridos durante la universidad, calculo a través de tablas con pocas condiciones de controno. El método utilizado es el Método de los elementos de contorno que discretiza la placa en partes finitas, aproximando los resultados obtenidos a valores reales. En este trabajo se ha utilizado el programa de ordenador Placas2.for (TAGUTI,Y. 2010) basado en el Método de los elementos de contorno para la resolución de las placas finas con varias condiciones de contorno geométricas y de cargas

O efeito da autocorrelação no desempenho dos gráficos de X e R e dos gráficos de X e S²

Control charts are very important tools in statistical quality control of industrial processes and its use started last century. Since its development, the charts have always been attributed to independent processes, i.e. without any correlation between samples. But nowadays, with the high level of automation in the industrial environment, it is noticeable the autocorrelation factor between samples. The main Xcharts used in monitoring quality characteristics represented by continuous variables are the mean (X ), amplitude (R) and variance (S²). Therefore, this work aims to analyze the performance of X and R charts and in of X and S² charts with different sample sizes (4 and 5) for monitoring autocorrelated processes. Through computer simulations using the Fortran software and the use of mathematical expressions was possible to obtain data and performance analysis of the detection power charts for independent observations and for autocorrelated observations according to the model AR (1). The results show that the effect of autocorrelation reduces the ability of monitoring the control charts and that, the greater this effect, the slower the chart becomes in misfits signaling

Influência do uso de malhas de sombreamento azul, vermelha e preta no desenvolvimento inicial do pepino Taiko

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family of great commercial importance and their culture is widespread throughout the country. The production of vegetables, high-quality care begins with training ranging from seedlings and shading techniques have an important role in creating environments more conducive to the production of seedlings and many researchers and producers of seedlings have opted for the use of color shading screens, making this way, the wavelength and the amount of incident energy are changed in favor of the plants. Work will be performed at the Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu campus. The statistical design will be in three blocks, each containing 100 plots of each treatment (seedlings covered with blue screen, red and black). Evaluations of dry mass and height will be made at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after emergence, and 5 will be selected seedlings of each treatment. At 14 and 28 DAE was measured, and SPAD chlorophyll content at 30 DAE, was evaluated by measuring gas exchange in the second pair of leaves, fully expanded for each plant, which was put in a chamber controlled with infrared gas analyzer (IRGA LI 6400, Licor) to perform measurements of photosynthesis. Treatment with black shading showed statistically better results for total dry matter, plant height, SPAD chlorophyll content and net assimilation of CO2, showing a better quality seedlings and its use is recommended in the cultivation of cucumber Taiko

Economia solidária: desenvolvimento recente e o caso da Cooperlimp

O desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista, à medida que aumenta a eficiência da produção contribui para uma cada vez maior concentração da riqueza e, em conjunto com as reformas neoliberais ocorridas durante o final do século XX, para uma mudança significativa na produção, bem como nos níveis de emprego formal, especialmente no Brasil. Buscando amenizar esses problemas, surgiram inúmeras iniciativas associativistas, que se cristalizaram na forma da Economia Solidária no Brasil nos anos 80. Para compreender e coordenar esse novo movimento inúmeras instituições foram criadas e cada vez mais atores se apresentaram para constituir a atual configuração dos empreendimentos solidários, estes baseados na cooperação, auto-gestão e solidariedade. Como resultado de toda essa organização os empreendimentos solidários aumentaram em número e importância econômica durante os últimos 30 anos. Neste trabalho analiso essa trajetória bem como tomo o exemplo da Cooperativa de limpeza do Jardim Gonzaga para demonstrar se a Economia Solidária é de fato um movimento de alternativa ao desemprego para as populações excluídas, sendo abandonada assim que as taxas de emprego formais melhorem, ou não, sendo uma nova forma duradoura de conceber a produção

Redução do tempo de ciclo baseado na produção enxuta em uma rémontagem de tubos de freios e combustível

In today's competitive environment of automakers, it is essential to obtain the highest efficiency of the production process. This paper presents a study in a pre-assembly of brake pipes and fuel of a vehicle where the value stream maps and information (VSM – Value Stream Mapping) were designed in order to improve the process by reducing the Lead Time Production of a product, reducing waste and decrease time between processes. This work can be divided into three stages, the first building the VSM of the initial state, the second VSM of the proposed state and finally the VSM than was actually performed and to present the gains were achieved effectively. The proposed VSM would lead to a gain of 54% in lead time and 61% in processing time, since the VSM implemented had gains of 47% in lead time and 48% in processing time even without major investments as originally proposed. Concluding that even without big investment, using the techniques of lean manufacturing is possible to achieve high levels of process efficiency

Habitação social e parcelamento urbano em Presidente Prudente - SP

Este trabalho discute sobre como a habitação social vem sendo desenvolvida no Brasil e apresenta uma proposta de loteamento urbano para as classes sociais menos favorecidas economicamente na cidade de Presidente Prudente. A idéia do projeto é a de comparar um loteamento com vias ortogonais, lotes privados e espaços de lazer públicos bem separados, com uma proposta cujas unidades habitacionais estariam dispostas de forma a criar áreas verdes integradas ao convívio social. Para isso foram considerados aspectos sociais, econômicos, formais e funcionais. A elaboração do trabalho começou com estudos sobre o tema e com levantamento bibliográfico, quando nasce essa inquietação sobre habitação social no Brasil, verificou-se a carência de bons projetos arquitetônicos em uma relação quantitativa. A partir daí, foram analisadas diversas pesquisas e propostas que relacionam a urbanização brasileira e a forma como ela se apresenta com relação a unidades habitacionais, com interesse social, ou seja, para pessoas de baixa renda, com foco na cidade de Presidente Prudente (São Paulo). De acordo com esses estudos, foi feito um levantamento de possíveis áreas de implantação de um loteamento onde foi constatada a existência de um terreno não edificado, em uma área com infra-estrutura e dentro do perímetro urbano. Esta área de aproximadamente 100 mil metros quadrados foi escolhida para a realização do trabalho de comparação das diferentes formas de produção do espaço urbano

Traços decadentistas na poesia de Camilo Pessanha e Al Berto

This monograph aims contribute to point out the presence of technical procedures, formal and thematic elements, typical of the Symbolist/Decadentism aesthetic in lyric poetry of Al Berto (1948-1997), using the Camilo Pessanha’s (1867-1926) work as tool to comparison. To achieve this goal, we analyze the corpus selected for research, consisting of three Pessanha’s poems taken from the book that brings together his work, Clepsidra, “Caminho I”, “Caminho II” e “[Depois das bodas de oiro]”, and three poems of Al Berto, taken from the book O Medo, which is the combination of his work too: “Os dias sem ninguém - 4”, “Doze moradas de silêncio – I” and “[no exíguo espaço do corpo ou da casa]”. Through the comparison between the analysis of the poems from Al Berto and Camilo Pessanha it was found resemblances, in fact, - and obviously some differences - between both. Furthermore, it was verified that Al Berto, a contemporary poet, rescues numerous traits of the decadent aesthetic, whose Camilo Pessanha is one of the greatest representatives

Análise da viabilidade de simulações com feixes de prótons de 100, 150, 200 e 250 MeV em alvos heterogêneos

In the recent years, the use of proton beams in radiotherapy has been an outstanding progress (SMITH, 2006). Up to now, computed tomography (CT) is a prerequisite for treatment planning in this kind of therapy because it provides the electron density distribution required for calculation of dose and the interval of doses. However, the use of CT images for proton treatment planning ignores fundamental differences in physical interaction processes between photons and protons and is, therefore, potentially inaccurate (SADROZINSKI, 2004). Proton CT (pCT) can in principle directly measure the density distribution needed in a patient for the dose distribution (SCHULTE, et al, 2004). One important problem that should be solved is the implementation of image reconstruction algorithms. In this sense, it is necessary to know how the presence of materials with different density and composition interfere in the energy deposition by ionization and coulomb excitation, during its trajectory. The study was conducted in two stages, was used in both the program SRIM (The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) to perform simulations of the interaction of proton beams with pencil beam type. In the first step we used the energies in the range of 100-250 MeV (ZIEGLER, 1999). The targets were set to 50 mm in length for the beam of 100 MeV, due to its interaction with the target, and short-range, and 70 mm for 150, 200 and 250 MeV The target was composed of liquid water and a layer of 6 mm cortical bone (ICRP). It were made 9 simulations varying the position of the heterogeneity of 5 mm. In the second step the energy of 250 MeV was taken out from the simulations, due to its greater energy and less interaction. The targets were diminished to 50 mm thick to standardize the simulations. The layer of bone was divided into two equal parts and both were put in the ends of the target... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Discussão sobre a importância do jornalismo na construção da esfera pública: o que diz o Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil sobre os movimentos sociais

Dentro da perspectiva delineada por Jürgen Habermas, que delineia um conceito normativo de esfera pública e de sua importância na democracia, esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar como o jornalismo pode contribuir para a construção da opinião pública, que pressiona os poderes formais. Diante das mudanças nos modos de participação da sociedade civil no poder político, as informações e opiniões relacionadas aos movimentos sociais na imprensa são de extrema importância para a reflexão sobre a democracia. Com o objetivo de entender as contribuições do jornalismo sobre as questões levadas ao público pelos movimentos sociais, este trabalho propõe uma análise do jornal Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil. A partir do método de Análise de Conteúdo proposto por Laurence Bardin, que prioriza a análise qualitativa, a pesquisa busca compreender a constituição e as ideias presentes nos textos e sua relevância para os debates na esfera pública. Desse modo, busca-se apontar pontos positivos e negativos na cobertura jornalística do veículo, que possam contribuir tanto para a prática quanto para os estudos do jornalismo

Ciclo PDCA e ferramentas da qualidade em operações e serviços de e-commerce

The market has forced companies to maintain high levels of control over their processes , ensuring a product or service quality to its customers . This study comes in the issuance and registration carried out in a company of e-commerce , which is showing problems with the values of weights and dimensions used in the cases cited . The need to eliminate wasteful spending freight caused by shipment of products weighing more than the reality, and to increase the reliability of the information used in the management of processes led to the planning of this project . This work focuses on the development of a PDCA cycle to work in the identification and correction of the causes of the problem , in order to neutralize the current complications and ensure that the problem does not appear again. To aid the mapping of the processes involved , identifying the causes of the problem and implementation of the proposed improvements were used quality tools such as flowcharts , Ishikawa diagrams , Pareto diagrams , and applied statistics

Estimação de densidades e aplicação em segmentação de imagens

The aim of this work is to study some of the density estimation tec- niques and to apply to the segmentation of medical images. Medical images are used to help the diagnostic of tumor diseases as well as to plan and deliver treatment. A computer image is an array of values representing colors in some scale. The smallest element of the image to which it is possible to assign a value is called pixel. Segmen- tation is the process of dividing the image in portions through the classi¯cation of each pixel. The simplest way of classi¯cation is by thresholding, given the number of portions and the threshold values. Another method is constructing a histogram of the pixel values and assign a portion to each pike. The threshold is the mean between two pikes. As the histogram does not form a smooth curve it is di±cult to discern between true pikes and random variation. Density estimation methods allow the estimation of a smooth curve. Image data can be considered as mixture of different densities. In this project parametric and nonparametric methods for density estimation will be addressed and some of them are applied to CT image data