A parasitological and serological malária survey in Amazonas, 1971

Thick blood films and malaria indirect fluorescent antibody test (P. falciparum and P. vivax) were done in four different regions in Amazonas. There was a very low prevalence of parasites anã the antibody rates suggest a small amount of transmission and that P. vivax was the predominant parasite. The calculation of probability of being infected per year was about 8% in Tefé. Coari, Colonia Fernanão Costa and Labrea and 0.8% in Anori.

Perinatal Ischemic Stroke: a Five-Year Retrospective Study in a Level-III Maternity

Objective To study the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, imaging diagnosis, and clinical outcome of perinatal stroke. Methods Data was retrospectively collected from full-term newborns admitted to the neonatal unit of a level III maternity in Lisbon with cerebral stroke, from January 2007 to December 2011. Results There were 11 cases of stroke: nine were arterial ischemic stroke and two were cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. We estimated an incidence of arterial ischemic stroke of 1.6/5,000 births and of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis of 7.2/100,000 births. There were two cases of recurrent stroke. Eight patients presented with symptoms while the remaining three were asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed. The most frequently registered symptoms (8/11) were seizures; in that, generalized clonic (3/8) and focal clonic (5/8). Strokes were more commonly left-sided (9/11), and the most affected artery was the left middle cerebral artery (8/11). Transfontanelle ultrasound was positive in most of the patients (10/11), and stroke was confirmed by cerebral magnetic resonance in all patients. Electroencephalographic recordings were carried out in five patients and were abnormal in three (focal abnormalities n=2, burst-suppression pattern n=1). Eight patients had previously identified risk factors for neonatal stroke which included obstetric and neonatal causes. Ten patients were followed up at outpatients setting; four patients developed motor deficits and one presented with epilepsy. Conclusions Although a modest and heterogeneous sample, this study emphasizes the need for a high level of suspicion when it comes to neonatal stroke, primarily in the presence of risk factors. The prevalence of neurological sequelae in our series supports the need of long-term follow-up and early intervention strategies.

Burnout em oncologia : o síndrome de burnout vivenciado por enfermeiros que trabalham numa unidade de administração de quimioterapia de um instituto oncológico

RESUMO - O burnout é um síndrome caracterizado, de forma mais frequente, por exaustão emocional, despersonalização elevadas e realização pessoal baixa. Normalmente, a pessoa sente-se fatigada e frustrada com as suas acções e sente que as suas expectativas não estão a ser correspondidas. Estando este fenómeno associado, possivelmente, com o ambiente laboral e com os factores de stresse existentes no local de trabalho, é habitual que surja em qualquer profissional, de qualquer classe profissional. Este trabalho de projecto concentrou-se no estudo de uma das profissões de ajuda mais conectadas a este síndrome, pela sua especificidade, a enfermagem, na área da oncologia, e o objectivo fulcral, é compreender que quadros de burnout apresentam os profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham num instituto oncológico e compreender, ainda, se existe associação entre a saúde mental, a satisfação profissional destes profissionais e as suas características sócio-demográficas. Este trabalho teve, ainda, como objectivo testar a metodologia utilizada com a aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: Maslach Burnout Inventory (M.B.I.), Mental Health Inventory (M.H.I.) e o Questionário de Satisfação Profissional de GRAÇA (1999). Neste seguimento, utilizou-se um caso piloto de 20 enfermeiros que trabalham num serviço de administração de quimioterapia de um instituto oncológico, pretendendo-se, futuramente, desenvolver este estudo a nível institucional e numa amostra significativa, salientando, desde já, que todo o processo metodológico consistiu numa simulação, cujos resultados obtidos não poderão ser extrapoláveis e generalizados. Numa perspectiva da Protecção e Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção da doença, esta equipa identifica factores geradores de stresse e sugere algumas estratégias importantes para fortalecer estes ideais, que consistem, acima de tudo, em saber reconhecer o fenómeno e criar grupos de terapia e de reflexão. As organizações e superiores hierárquicos deverão, também, estar atentos a esta problemática, tornando os recursos humanos e materiais ajustados e proporcionado as tais estratégias que possibilitem um clima de harmonia e uma melhor qualidade dos cuidados.

A systems biology framework for pathway level culture media engineering: pplication to Pichia pastoris cultures

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Helminthiases in Montes Claros. Preliminary survey

A preliminary survey was conducted for the presence of helminths in the city of Montes Claros, M. G., Brazil. Three groups of persons were examined by the direct smear, Kato thick film and MIFC techniques; one group by direct smear and Kato only. General findings were: a high prevalence of hookworm, followed by ascariasis, S. mansoni, S. stercoralis and very light infections with T. trichiurá. E. vermicularis and H. nana were ranking parasites at an orphanage, with some hookworm and S. mansoni infections as well. At a pig slaughter house, the dominant parasites were hookworm and S. mansoni. Pig cysticercosis was an incidental finding worth mentioning for the health hazard it represents for humans as well as an economic loss. From the comparative results between the Kato and the MIF the former proved itself again as a more sensitive and reliable concentration method for helminth eggs, of low cost and easy performance.

Serological survey for Chagas' disease in school children in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

A serological survey for Chagas' disease was carried out in school children in the Rio de Janeiro State, a zone considered as non-endemic for the infection. A total of 168 schools in 20 municipalities have been visited and 13,254 blood samples were obtained. The blood eluates were screened by the indirect fluorescence test (IFT), and all positive samples were checked and confirmed in sera by the complement fixation test (CFT). AH serologically positive children were subject to a clinical scrutiny, and the houses where the children lived have been searched for triatomine bugs. Only in two municipalities, Magé and Araruama, there was a significant number of children found positive. The total number of reactive samples by IFT and CFT from 13,004 blood samples screened was 143 (1.00 per cent). No serious clinicai symptoms suggestive of Chagas' disease have been found in any of the positive children, and no triatomine bugs were discovered in the dwellings where the children lived. The overall small percentage of children with positive serology postulates that the infection is not a serious health problem in the area investigated. It is recommended, however, to carry out a more detailed study in Magé and Araruama to find the reason for the relatively high percentage of serologically positive children encountered in these two municipalities.

The integration of online advertising: The effects of source expertise and certainty level of the message on consumer involvement and persuasion in the context of user-generated advertising

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The compliance function in banking: Perspective and future in the age of globalization

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Leber Congenital Amaurosis: Comprehensive Survey of the Genetic Heterogeneity, Refinement of the Clinical Definition, and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations as a Strategy for Molecular Diagnosis

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the earliest and most severe form of all inherited retinal dystrophies, responsible for congenital blindness. Disease-associated mutations have been hitherto reported in seven genes. These genes are all expressed preferentially in the photoreceptor cells or the retinal pigment epithelium but they are involved in strikingly different physiologic pathways resulting in an unforeseeable physiopathologic variety. This wide genetic and physiologic heterogeneity that could largely increase in the coming years, hinders the molecular diagnosis in LCA patients. The genotyping is, however, required to establish genetically defined subgroups of patients ready for therapy. Here, we report a comprehensive mutational analysis of the all known genes in 179 unrelated LCA patients, including 52 familial and 127 sporadic (27/127 consanguineous) cases. Mutations were identified in 47.5% patients. GUCY2D appeared to account for most LCA cases of our series (21.2%), followed by CRB1 (10%), RPE65 (6.1%), RPGRIP1 (4.5%), AIPL1 (3.4%), TULP1 (1.7%), and CRX (0.6%). The clinical history of all patients with mutations was carefully revisited to search for phenotype variations. Sound genotype-phenotype correlations were found that allowed us to divide patients into two main groups. The first one includes patients whose symptoms fit the traditional definition of LCA, i.e., congenital or very early cone-rod dystrophy, while the second group gathers patients affected with severe yet progressive rod-cone dystrophy. Besides, objective ophthalmologic data allowed us to subdivide each group into two subtypes. Based on these findings, we have drawn decisional flowcharts directing the molecular analysis of LCA genes in a given case. These flowcharts will hopefully lighten the heavy task of genotyping new patients but only if one has access to the most precise clinical history since birth.

Intravenous Busulfan for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Survey of 952 Patients on Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Oral busulfan is the historical backbone of the busulfan+cyclophosphamide regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation. However intravenous busulfan has more predictable pharmacokinetics and less toxicity than oral busulfan; we, therefore, retrospectively analyzed data from 952 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received intravenous busulfan for autologous stem cell transplantation. Most patients were male (n=531, 56%), and the median age at transplantation was 50.5 years. Two-year overall survival, leukemia-free survival, and relapse incidence were 67±2%, 53±2%, and 40±2%, respectively. The non-relapse mortality rate at 2 years was 7±1%. Five patients died from veno-occlusive disease. Overall leukemia-free survival and relapse incidence at 2 years did not differ significantly between the 815 patients transplanted in first complete remission (52±2% and 40±2%, respectively) and the 137 patients transplanted in second complete remission (58±5% and 35±5%, respectively). Cytogenetic risk classification and age were significant prognostic factors: the 2-year leukemia-free survival was 63±4% in patients with good risk cytogenetics, 52±3% in those with intermediate risk cytogenetics, and 37 ± 10% in those with poor risk cytogenetics (P=0.01); patients ≤50 years old had better overall survival (77±2% versus 56±3%; P<0.001), leukemia-free survival (61±3% versus 45±3%; P<0.001), relapse incidence (35±2% versus 45±3%; P<0.005), and non-relapse mortality (4±1% versus 10±2%; P<0.001) than older patients. The combination of intravenous busulfan and high-dose melphalan was associated with the best overall survival (75±4%). Our results suggest that the use of intravenous busulfan simplifies the autograft procedure and confirm the usefulness of autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia. As in allogeneic transplantation, veno-occlusive disease is an uncommon complication after an autograft using intravenous busulfan.

Recommendations for Vaccination in Adult Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases from the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology

Serious infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease (SIRD) patients. Although vaccination may prevent numerous infections, vaccination uptake rates are low in this group of patients. OBJECTIVES: To develop evidence-based recommendations for vaccination in SIRD patients. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (until 31 October 2014) and EMBASE (until 14 December 2014) databases, as well as the ACR and EULAR congress abstracts (2011-2014). Patients with any systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease were included and all vaccines were considered. Any safety and efficacy outcomes were admitted. Search results were submitted to title and abstract selection, followed by detailed review of suitable studies. Data were subsequently pooled according to the type of vaccine and the SIRD considered. Results were presented and discussed by a multidisciplinary panel and systematic literature review (SLR)-derived recommendations were voted according to the Delphi method. The level of agreement among rheumatologists was assessed using an online survey. RESULTS: Eight general and seven vaccine-specific recommendations were formulated. Briefly, immunization status should routinely be assessed in all SIRD patients. The National Vaccination Program should be followed and some additional vaccines are recommended. To maximize the efficacy of vaccination, vaccines should preferably be administered 4 weeks before starting immunosuppression or, if possible when disease activity is controlled. Non-live vaccines are safe in SIRD, including immunosuppressed patients. The safety of live attenuated vaccines in immunosuppressed patients deserves further ascertainment, but might be considered in particular situations. DISCUSSION: The present recommendations combine scientific evidence with the multidisciplinary expertise of our taskforce panel and attained desirable agreement among Portuguese rheumatologists. Vaccination recommendations need to be updated on a regular basis, as more scientific data regarding vaccination efficacy and safety, emergent infectious threats, new vaccines as well as new immunomodulatory therapies become available.

Three essays in risky behaviors

A PhD Dissertation, presented as part of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the NOVA - School of Business and Economics

Os enfermeiros e as dimensões motivacionais : estudo não experimental, descritivo, analítico e transversal, baseado na técnica de inquérito

RESUMO - A profissão de enfermagem é definida por Virgínia Henderson (1966), como tendo por objeto "ajudar o indivíduo, saudável ou doente, na execução das atividades que contribuem para conservar a sua saúde ou a sua recuperação, de tal maneira, devendo desempenhar esta função no sentido de tornar o indivíduo o mais independente possível, ou seja, a alcançar a sua anterior independência". A atenção à saúde ao longo da história da humanidade vem sendo desenvolvida de muitos modos e por diversos atores sociais. O trabalho em saúde é essencial para a vida humana e envolve atividades realizadas por profissionais e equipas multidisciplinares que dominam os conhecimentos e técnicas essenciais para assistir o indivíduo com problemas de saúde ou em risco de adoecer, em atividades de investigação, de prevenção, curativo e de reabilitação. À Enfermagem tal como a outras profissões, são cada vez mais exigidos requisitos de eficiência, eficácia e polivalência na sua atividade, tendo a motivação um papel fundamental na atitude, postura e desempenho do profissional. Este trabalho descreve o estudo da motivação profissional, numa população de enfermeiros portugueses numa instituição privada. A versão adaptada de um inquérito como instrumento de autopreenchimento representa vários construtos implicados no processo motivacional, em contexto profissional. Pretendo com este estudo identificar a dimensão da motivação mais relevantes no processo motivacional dos enfermeiros, assim como as suas variações face a variáveis de características pessoais, profissionais e institucionais. A partir dos resultados obtidos pretendo ainda apresentar sugestões de maneira a oferecer oportunidade de transformação do seu ambiente organizacional em instituições similares.

How do banks choose a certain costing system and why

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

TV advertisement and social networks: an empirical study with young adults

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics