The Application of Toolkit of Optimization in Designs of Accelerator Magnets

The traditional design of accelerator magnet usually involves many time consuming iterations of the manual analysis process. A software platform to do these iterations automatically is proposed in this paper. In this platform, we use DAKOTA (a open source software developed by Sandia National Laboratories) as the optimizing routine, which provides a variety of optimization methods and algorithms, and OPERA (software from Vector Fields) is selected as the electromagnetic simulating routine. In this paper, two examples of designs of accelerator magnets are used to illustrate how an optimization algorithm is chosen and the platform works.

长白山阔叶红松林生长季热量平衡变化特征

根据长白山阔叶红松林 2 0 0 1年 5月下旬至 10月上旬微气象梯度观测资料和辐射、土壤热通量资料 ,用波文比 -能量平衡方法 (BREB方法 )计算了森林的显热通量和感热通量 ,并计算了森林大气和植被体的储热量 ,分析了阔叶红松林热量平衡各项的日变化和季节变化 ,结果发现 ,热量平衡 (净辐射 )与太阳总辐射呈线性关系 ;热量平衡各项都与净辐射有相同的日变化特征 ,为昼正夜负的曲线 .各项的绝对值一般表现为净辐射 >潜热通量 >感热通量 >储热变化 .受日照时间的影响 ,6～ 10月各分量正值的日持续时间逐渐缩短 .月平均结果 ,白天净辐射 6月份最大 ,10月上旬最小 ,变化于 0～ 5 2 7W·m-2 ,夜间的净辐射在 0～ - 12 1W·m-2 .潜热通量白天和夜间分别在 0～ 4 4 1、0～ - 81W·m-2 ,感热通量昼夜分别在 0～80、0～ - 2 6W·m-2 .储热变化则为 0～ 4 4、0～ - 2 6W·m-2 .白天潜热通量占净辐射的比例 8～ 10月逐渐下降 ,而感热通量和储热变化的比例 9～ 10月明显上升 ,特别在严霜后 2～ 3d ,出现潜热通量比例突减、感热通量比例突增的现象 .文中还对通量观测仪器、方法进行了简要分析 .

Simultaneous synthesis of polyaniline nanotubules and gold nanoplates

This paper describes a facile route for simultaneous synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubules and gold nanoplates. The inner diameter of PANI nanotubules was less than 10 nm and the length was several micrometers. At the same time, uniform single-crystal gold nanoplates with thicknesses of tens of nanometers were obtained.

Syntheses and crystalline structures of clusters Co-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-S)(mu, eta(2)-SCNR2)

Through the reaction of Co-2(CO)(8) with four thiuram [R2NC(S)S](2), four new sulfur-capped trinuclear cobalt carbonyl clusters Co-3 (CO)(7) (mu(3)-S) (mu, eta(2)-S* C* NR2) ( I : R = Me; I : R = Et; II : R = i-Pr; IV : NR= -N [GRAPHICS] were prepared and characterized by elementary analysis, IR,H-1 NMR and MS spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the cluster Co-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-S)[mu, eta(2)-S*C*N (i-Pr)(2)]( III) was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction method. The crystal of m is monoclinic, belonging to space group P2(1)/n, and the cell parameters are as follows: a = 1, 145 2(2) nm, b = 1. 502 8(3) nm, c = 1, 214 4(2) nmj alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 92, 15(3)degrees, gamma = 90 degrees; V = 2. 088 5(7) nm(3) , Z = 4, F (000) = 1 096, D-c = 1. 747 mg . m(-3), mu = 2. 588 mm(-1), R=0. 040 7, R-w=0. 062 4, The structural analysis shows that cluster II has a pyrimidal Co3S framework and contains a heterocylic bridging bidentate ligand [mu, eta(2)-S* C* N (i-Pr)(2)] linked to the Co2 and Co3 atoms of the cluster by a cobalt-carbon and a cobalt-sulfur bond respectively.

Co_3(CO)_7(μ_3-S)(μ,η~2-SCNR_2)的合成和晶体结构

Co2 (CO) 8 与 4个二硫代双 (烷基硫代甲酰胺 )类前配体 [R2 NC(S) S]2 反应 ,得 4个含烷基硫代甲酰胺基的三核钴羰基硫簇合物 .通过元素分析、IR、 1H NMR和 MS等方法表征了它们的结构 ,用 X射线衍射法测定了其中一个簇合物 Co3 (CO) 7(μ3 - S) [μ,η2 - SCN(i- Pr) 2 ]( )的晶体结构 .晶体属单斜晶系 ,P2 1/n空间群 ,晶胞参数 a=1.1452 (2 ) nm,b=1.50 2 8(3) nm,c=1.2 144 (2 ) nm,α=90°,β =92 .15(3)°,γ =90°,V =2 .0 885(7) nm3 ,Z=4 ,F (0 0 0 ) =10 96 ,Dc=1.74 7mg· m-3 ,GOF(F2 ) =0 .835,μ=2 .588nm-1.最终因子 R[I>2 σ(I) ]=0 . 0 4 0 7,Rw=0 .0 6 2 4

Cross-Ocean distribution of Rhodobacterales bacteria as primary surface colonizers in temperate coastal marine waters

Bacterial surface colonization is a universal adaptation strategy in aquatic environments. However, neither the identities of early colonizers nor the temporal changes in surface assemblages are well understood. To determine the identities of the most common bacterial primary colonizers and to assess the succession process, if any, of the bacterial assemblages during early stages of surface colonization in coastal water of the West Pacific Ocean, nonnutritive inert materials (glass, Plexiglas, and polyvinyl chloride) were employed as test surfaces and incubated in seawater off the Qingdao coast in the spring of 2005 for 24 and 72 h. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified from the recovered surface-colonizing microbiota indicated that diverse bacteria colonized the submerged surfaces. Multivariate statistical cluster analyses indicated that the succession of early surface-colonizing bacterial assemblages followed sequential steps on all types of test surfaces. The Rhodobacterales, especially the marine Roseobacter clade members, formed the most common and dominant primary surface-colonizing bacterial group. Our current data, along with previous studies of the Atlantic coast, indicate that the Rhodobacterales bacteria are the dominant and ubiquitous primary surface colonizers in temperate coastal waters of the world and that microbial surface colonization follows a succession sequence. A conceptual model is proposed based on these findings, which may have important implications for understanding the structure, dynamics, and function of marine biofilms and for developing strategies to harness or control surface-associated microbial communities.

关于我院发展技术科学的探讨

技术科学是与国计民生联系很密切的科学,在整个科学技术体系中占有很重要的位置。但是,对技术科学,特别是在我院如何发展等方面的问题上,长期以来意见不一,影响了这门学科的更好发展。周光召院长最近数次指出,今年我们重点要抓好技术科学方向的讨论,研究清楚我院技术科学如何发展的问题。为促进百家争鸣,并供领导部门决策时参考,本期特刊登沈阳自动化研究所所长蒋新松和力学研究所所长薛明伦就这方面问题发表自己见解的文章,期望能引起大家的讨论,欢迎大家踊跃投稿。

低级变质岩在热液蚀变过程中的微量元素地球化学行为——以赣东北银山地区双桥山群为例

对江西银山地区双桥山群绢云母千枚岩及其原岩的稀土及微量元素的研究表明，热液蚀变过程中它们的地球化学行为十分复杂：热液蚀变作用并不使REE淋滤降低，反而导致ΣREE较其原岩普遍升高，但岩体接触带附近蚀变围岩的ΣREE则低于原岩。蚀变岩出现Eu亏损，ΣLREE／ΣHREE值降低。定量计算显示，ΣREE总升幅中有29～45％是由围岩质量迁移引起的表观浓缩效应，而另外的55～91％则是流体带入了REE；在绢云母千枚岩中绢云母可能是REE的主要寄主矿物相，REE主要以吸附作用的形式

Levantamento pedológico do Campo Experimental da Embrapa Uva e Vinho em Bento Gonçalves, RS.

Levantamento pedológico do Campo Experimental da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, para subsidiar o Plano de Manejo e o Zoneamento Ambiental.

Por que não avaliar os riscos ambientais de produtos fitossanitários?

2010