The development and validity of a functional assessment instrument for persons with major mental disorders

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The Effect of Foam Core Density on the Flexural and Axial Behaviour of Sandwich Panels of Varying Slenderness with Natural Flax-FRP and Glass-FRP Composite Skins

This study investigates the effect of foam core density and skin type on the behaviour of sandwich panels as structural beams tested in four-point bending and axially compressed columns of varying slenderness and skin thickness. Bio-composite unidirectional flax fibre-reinforced polymer (FFRP) is compared to conventional glass-FRP (GFRP) as the skin material used in conjunction with three polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam cores with densities of 32, 64 and 96 kg/m3. Eighteen 1000 mm long flexural specimens were fabricated and tested to failure comparing the effects of foam core density between three-layer FFRP skinned and single-layer GFRP skinned panels. A total of 132 columns with slenderness ratios (kLe/r) ranging from 22 to 62 were fabricated with single-layer GFRP skins, and one-, three-, and five-layer FFRP skins for each of the three foam core densities. The columns were tested to failure in concentric axial compression using pinned-end conditions to compare the effects of each material type and panel height. All specimens had a foam core cross-section of 100x50 mm with 100 mm wide skins of equal thickness. In both flexural and axial loading, panels with skins comprised of three FFRP layers showed equivalent strength to those with a single GFRP layer for all slenderness ratios and core densities examined. Doubling the core density from 32 to 64 kg/m3 and tripling the density to 96 kg/m3 led to flexural strength increases of 82 and 213%, respectively. Both FFRP and GFRP columns showed a similar variety of failure modes related to slenderness. Low slenderness of 22-25 failed largely due to localized single skin buckling, while those with high slenderness of 51-61 failed primarily by global buckling followed by secondary skin buckling. Columns with intermediate slenderness experienced both localized and global failure modes. High density foam cores more commonly exhibited core shear failure. Doubling the core density of the columns resulted in peak axial load increases, across all slenderness ratios, of 73, 56, 72 and 71% for skins with one, three and five FFRP layers, and one GFRP layer, respectively. Tripling the core density resulted in respective peak load increases of 116, 130, 176 and 170%.

Testing a gravity-based accessibility instrument to engage stakeholders into integrated LUT planning

The paper starts from the concern that while there is a large body of literature focusing on the theoretical definitions and measurements of accessibility, the extent to which such measures are used in planning practice is less clear. Previous reviews of accessibility instruments have in fact identified a gap between the clear theoretical assumptions and the infrequent applications of accessibility instruments in spatial and transport planning. In this paper we present the results of a structured-workshop involving private and public stakeholders to test usability of gravity-based accessibility measures (GraBaM) to assess integrated land-use and transport policies. The research is part of the COST Action TU1002 “Accessibility Instruments for Planning Practice” during which different accessibility instruments where tested for different case studies. Here we report on the empirical case study of Rome.

New Observations of Balmer Continuum Flux in Solar Flares:Instrument Description and First Results

Increase in the Balmer continuum radiation during solar flares was predicted by various authors, but has never been firmly confirmed observationally using ground-based slit spectrographs. Here we describe a new post-focal instrument, the image selector, with which the Balmer continuum flux can be measured from the whole flare area, in analogy to successful detections of flaring dMe stars. The system was developed and put into operation at the horizontal solar telescope HSFA2 of the Ondřejov Observatory. We measure the total flux by a fast spectrometer from a limited but well-defined region on the solar disk. Using a system of diaphragms, the disturbing contribution of a bright solar disk can be eliminated as much as possible. Light curves of the measured flux in the spectral range 350 – 440 nm are processed, together with the Hα images of the flaring area delimited by the appropriate diaphragm. The spectral flux data are flat-fielded, calibrated, and processed to be compared with model predictions. Our analysis of the data proves that the described device is sufficiently sensitive to detect variations in the Balmer continuum during solar flares. Assuming that the Balmer-continuum kernels have at least a similar size as those visible in Hα, we find the flux increase in the Balmer continuum to reach 230 – 550 % of the quiet continuum during the observed X-class flare. We also found temporal changes in the Balmer continuum flux starting well before the onset of the flare in Hα.

Effects of the thickness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from Irish Sitka spruce on mechanical performance in bending and shear

An investigation was carried out on CLT panels made from Sitka spruce in order to establish the effect of the thickness of CLT panels on the bending stiffness and strength and the rolling shear. Bending and shear tests on 3-layer and 5-layer panels were performed with loading in the out-of-plane and in-plane directions. ‘Global’ stiffness measurements were found to correlate well with theoretical values. Based on the results, there was a general tendency that both the bending strength and rolling shear decreased with panel thickness. Mean values for rolling shear ranged from 1.0 N/mm2 to 2.0 N/mm2 .

Development of sustainable, innovative and energy-efficient concrete, based on the integration of all-waste materials: SUS-CON panels for building applications

The building sector requires the worldwide production of 4 billion tonnes of cement annually, consuming more than 40% of global energy and accounting for about 8% of the total CO2 emissions. The SUS-CON project aimed at integrating waste materials in the production cycle of concrete, for both ready-mixed and pre-cast applications, resulting in an innovative light-weight, ecocompatible and cost-effective construction material, made by all-waste materials and characterized by enhanced thermal insulation performance and low embodied energy and CO2. Alkali activated “cementless” binders, which have recently emerged as eco-friendly construction materials, were used in conjunction with lightweight recycled aggregates to produce sustainable concrete for a range of applications. This paper presents some results from the development of a concrete made with a geopolymeric binder (alkali activated fly ash) and aggregate from recycled mixed plastic. Mix optimisation was achieved through an extensive investigation on production parameters for binder and aggregate. The mix recipe was developed for achieving the required fresh and hardened properties. The optimised mix gave compressive strength of about 7 MPa, flexural strength of about 1.3 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.34 W/mK. Fresh and hardened properties were deemed suitable for the industrial production of precast products. Precast panels were designed and produced for the construction of demonstration buildings. Mock-ups of about 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m were built at a demo park in Spain both with SUS-CON and Portland cement concrete, monitoring internal and external temperatures. Field results indicate that the SUS-CON mock-ups have better insulation. During the warmest period of the day, the measured temperature in the SUS-CON mock-ups was lower.

Towards a Virtual-Acoustic String Instrument

In acoustic instruments, the controller and the sound producing system often are one and the same object. If virtualacoustic instruments are to be designed to not only simulate the vibrational behaviour of a real-world counterpart but also to inherit much of its interface dynamics, it would make sense that the physical form of the controller is similar to that of the emulated instrument. The specific physical model configuration discussed here reconnects a (silent) string controller with a modal synthesis string resonator across the real and virtual domains by direct routing of excitation signals and model parameters. The excitation signals are estimated in their original force-like form via careful calibration of the sensor, making use of adaptive filtering techniques to design an appropriate inverse filter. In addition, the excitation position is estimated from sensors mounted under the legs of the bridges on either end of the prototype string controller. The proposed methodology is explained and exemplified with preliminary results obtained with a number of off-line experiments.

Uppföljning och utvärdering av det balanserade styrkortet : Är balanserat styrkort ett värdeskapande och strategiskt instrument inom den kommunala verksamheten?

The need to steer economic development has always been great and as management model has the balanced scorecard has been popular since the mid- 1990s, mainly in the private sector but also in the municipal sector. The introduction of the balanced scorecard has been primarily to organizations to see more than economic dimensions. The Balanced Scorecard was originally a measurement system, and today it works more as a strategic instrument. In our study is a case study to evaluate a municipality and how they make use of the balanced scorecard as a tool for strategic and value-adding work in municipal activities. In the local business is it important that the organization adapts the balanced scorecard, so it fits on the basis that it is a politically driven organization, with mandates, committees and administrations. In our study, we used a qualitative method with a deductive approach. In the study, we have gathered information through a case study where we interviewed 7 people in leading positions. In our analysis and results section, we came to the conclusion that the municipality does not use the balanced scorecard correctly. We also found that the balanced scorecard as a tool for value creation and strategic planning does not work in a favorable way. In our study, we see difficulties with the implementation of the balanced scorecard. If the municipality has invested in implementing the balanced scorecard at all levels of the business so the municipality would be able to use it on one of the activities more adequately. When the municipality is a politically driven organization, it is important that vision alive and changing based on the conditions that reflect the outside world and the municipality in general. Looking at a vivid vision, goals and business ideas, it's balanced scorecard in line with how a balanced scorecard should look like. The municipality has a strategic plan in terms of staff and employees at large. In the study, we have seen that the strategic plan is not followed up in a good way and for the business favorably, the municipality chooses the easy way out for evaluation. Employee participation to changes and ongoing human resources management feels nonexistent. However, as has been the vision of creating empowered and motivated employees. In our conclusion, we describe how we in our study look at the use of the balanced scorecard in municipal operations. We can also discern that a balanced scorecard as a tool for value creation and strategic work is good if it is used properly. In the study, we have concluded that the municipality we have chosen to study should not use the balanced scorecard when you have not created the tools and platforms required for employees, civil servants and politicians to evaluate, monitor and create a living scorecard change over time. The study reveals major shortcomings in the implementation, evaluation and follow-up possibilities, and the consequence of this is that the balanced scorecard is not - 4 - preferable in municipal operations as a strategic instrument for value creation and long-term planning.

Validação do Youth Quality of Life Instrument para a população portuguesa: YQOL-R

É incontornável o estatuto que o conceito de qualidade de vida assume hoje na prática e políticas de saúde pública. Na infância e adolescência é ainda escassa a investigação, tornando-se crucial o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de qualidade vida relacionada com a saúde validados para esta população. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental analisar as qualidades psicométricas e validar a versão portuguesa do Youth Quality of Life (YQOL-R) (Patrick, et al., 2002). A amostra é constituída por 507 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 19 anos, a frequentar o 3º ciclo do ensino básio e ensino secundário de escolas públicas do ensino regular. Para além do citado instrumento a validar, os jovens preencheram também, para a análise da validade convergente e divergente, o Kidscreen-27 (Gaspar & Matos, 2008) e a Escala da Depressão, Ansiedade e Stresse (EADS-21) (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado & Leal, 2004). Os resultados mostram que o YQOL-R apresenta uma estrutura fatorial de quatro fatores, semelhantes à versão original americana (individual, relações sociais, ambiente e qualidade de vida em geral). Possui uma boa consistência interna e uma adequada estabilidade temporal. Mostrou correlações significativas e no sentido esperado com as variáveis em estudo. Foram igualmente encontradas diferenças de género em relação à qualidade de vida, sendo os rapazes a reportarem em média níveis mais elevados de perceção da qualidade de vida, comparativamente às raparigas. Futuros estudos devem ser realizados em amostras clínicas para confirmação dos dados. Não obstante esta limitação, o presente estudo contribuiu para a disponibilização de um novo instrumento para avaliação da qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes, o qual evidenciou boas propriedade psicométricas, apoiando, assim empiricamente, a sua utilização nas práticas de saúde e investigação em amostras da comunidade. / Nowadays, it´s unavoidable the status that, the concept of quality of life assumes in practices and politics of public health. In childhood and adolescence it´s weak the investigation but it´s crucial the development of instruments of quality of life related to health validated to this population. The present work has an important aim, it´s analyze the psychometric qualities and validate the Portuguese version of Youth Quality of Life (YQOL-R) (Patrick, et al., 2002). The sample consists of 507 adolescents, aged between 12 and 19 years old and they attend the 3 rd cycle of basic education and secondary education schools in villages of regular education. Apart from that instrument, teenagers fill in, also, to the analysis convergent and divergent, the Kidscreen-27 (Gaspar & Matos, 2008) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (EADS-21) (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado & Leal, 2004). The results show that the YQOL-R presents a factorial structure with four factors similar to original American version (individual, social relations, environment and general quality of life), presenting a good internal consistence and an adequate temporal stability. Substantial correlations showed and in the expected way with the variables in study. Have been found differences of gender related to quality of life, boys reported on average higher levels of quality of life perception, comparatively to the girls. Future studies must be performed in clinical samples to confirm the findings. In spite of this restriction, the actual study contributes to providing a new instrument to evaluate the quality of life in children and adolescents, this evidenced good psychometric properties, supported empirically its application in heath practices and investigation in community samples.

Development of an instrument measuring the quality of residential care facilities for older people

Aims. To validate the Swedish version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (S-SCEAM). The instrument’s items measure environmental elements important for supporting the needs of older people, and conceptualized within eight domains. Methods. Item relevance was assessed by a group of experts and measured using content validity index (CVI). Test-retest and inter-rater reliability tests were performed.  The domain structure was assessed by the inter-rater agreement of a second group of experts, and measured using Fleiss kappa. Results. All items attained a CVI above 0.78, the suggested criteria for excellent content validity. Test-retest reliability showed high stability (96% and 95% for two independent raters respectively), and inter-rater reliability demonstrated high levels of agreement (95% and 94% on two separate rating occasions). Kappa values were very good for test-retest (κ = 0.903 and 0.869) and inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.851 and 0.832). Domain structure was good,  Fleiss’ kappa was 0.63 (range 0.45 to 0.75).    Conclusion. The S-SCEAM of 210 items and eight domains showed good content validity and construct validity. The instrument is suggested for use in measuring of the quality of the physical environment in residential care facilities for older persons.

Analysis of the C-SOSI Instrument in a 9-1-1 Telecommunicator Population

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Développement d'un instrument de mesure du respect de l'exercice des droits des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle

Cet essai a pour but de présenter une version préliminaire d'un instrument qui mesure la conformité des interventions relativement au respect des droits reconnus aux personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Les programmes et les interventions issus de modèles conceptuels traditionnels ont longtemps négligé d'inclure dans leur pratique la notion d'exercice des droits de ces personnes. Cette notion devient une préoccupation de plus en plus importante dans notre société et elle devrait être à même de se concrétiser à l'intérieur des interventions professionnelles. Ainsi longtemps ignorées et bafouées, les personnes. Présentant une déficience intellectuelle récupèrent lentement une entité légal et juridique depuis ces dernières années. Cet instrument se situe dans la perspective d'évaluation de programmes. À partir des concepts inhérents à une démarche d'évaluation de programmes, un instrument de mesure portant sur la conformité du respect des droits a été développé. La démarche actuelle porte sur l'élaboration de la version préliminaire d'un instrument en vue de l'élaboration du processus d'un programme, soit l'adéquacité de l'intervention en regard de l'exercice des droits des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Certaines autres étapes seront nécessaires afin d'assurer la fidélité de l'instrument ainsi que la validité du contenu de celui-ci. La version finale de l'instrument permettra de porter un jugement sur les interventions dans le milieu de vie de ces personnes. Enfin, les résultats obtenus éclaireront la prise de décision concernant les correctifs nécessaires à apporter à un programme.

Élaboration d'un instrument d'évaluation des programmes d'intégration sociale pour les personnes adultes handicapées intellectuelles

Les conditions de vie des personnes handicapées intellectuelles changent avec les années. Avant le XIXe siècle, les individus atteints d'un handicap intellectuel sont maintenus dans un état constant d'infériorité: ils ne peuvent prendre aucune décision (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1984). Ils sont isolés, infantilisés et ne participent pas à la vie sociale (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1987). Comme les personnes handicapées sont considérées comme des êtres incapables et irresponsables, elles vivent sous la responsabilité de leur famille, de la collectivité, ou des communautés religieuses (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1984; Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1987). La fin du XIXe siècle voit naître divers services pour les personnes handicapées intellectuelles. Des services d'entraide, d'hébergement et d'éducation sont offerts à ces individus et à leur famille (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1984). Par la suite, au début du XXe siècle, des crèches, des orphelinats et des hôpitaux psychiatriques accueillent ces personnes. Enfin, dans les années 50, des internats ouvrent leurs portes. Ces derniers bien qu'inspirés d'une réelle pensée clinique, se préoccupent surtout de donner un gîte et un couvert aux personnes handicapées. Pourtant, ces personnes y demeurent dans le but d'être soignées et prises en charge (Association des centres d'accueil du Québec, 1987). De nature privée au départ, les services et les institutions deviennent au cours du XXe siècle, des services et des institutions publiques auxquels la personne handicapée et sa famille peuvent demander de l'aide (Association des centres d'accueil du Québec, 1987; Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1984). Après la première guerre mondiale apparaissent des regroupements de parents d'enfant handicapé et de personnes ayant un handicap. Ces associations deviennent plus nombreuses après la seconde guerre mondiale. Leur but premier est d'offrir à leurs membres des services répondant à leurs besoins. Un peu plus tard, elles demandent au gouvernement de financer les services qu'elles dispensent pour ensuite demander à ce qu'ils soient intégrés dans les réseaux publics et parapublics (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1984). La déficience mentale demeure quand même un sujet tabou dans notre société jusqu'en 1960 (Association des centres d'accueil du Québec, 1987). Ce n'est que dans les années 70, avec la Commission d'enquête sur la santé et le bien-être social (Commission Castonguay-Nepveu) que la majorité de la population découvre les conditions dans lesquelles vivent les personnes handicapées (Office des personnes handicapées du Québec, 1984).

La pédagogie ouverte au primaire : adaptation d'un instrument d’évaluation

L'approche pédagogique, appelée aujourd'hui pédagogie ouverte, a vu le jour en Angleterre, puis s'est diffusée aux États-Unis et au Canada. Elle a cours au Québec depuis les années 1970 grâce à certaines publications et à des rencontres de perfectionnement. Bien qu'un assez large éventail d'enseignants y ait été mis en contact par des sessions, séminaires, conférences et publications, force nous est de reconnaître qu'à ce jour nous n'y avons trouvé aucune recherche empirique permettant d'évaluer en classe du primaire le degré d'implantation de cette approche pédagogique; or, il est important, dans un contexte d'innovation pédagogique, de pouvoir connaître ce degré d'implantation pour orienter le développement, assurer le perfectionnement personnel, porter un diagnostic, évaluer les effets et pour aider pédagogues et administrateurs à faire des choix pertinents, à rendre des décisions valables. Pour répondre à cette attente, notre propos sera donc d'élaborer et d'adapter un instrument d'observation convenant à ce contexte, permettant d'évaluer le degré d'implantation de la pédagogie ouverte dans des classes du primaire. Pour y parvenir, nous suivrons les étapes suivantes: consultation des recherches sur le sujet pour définir l'objet de la pédagogie ouverte et y étudier les instruments d'évaluation existants, adaptation de l'instrument éventuellement retenu, vérification auprès d'experts québécois en pédagogie ouverte, affinement par l'expérimentation dans des classes respectivement à pédagogie ouverte et encyclopédique et par l'étude comparée des résultats. Cette démarche permettra donc d'accéder à un instrument d'évaluation apte à mesurer le degré d'implantation de cette approche pédagogique dans des classes du primaire et à discriminer les classes à pédagogie ou verte de celles à pédagogie encyclopédique.