Non-parametric bill of quantities estimation of concrete road bridges' superstructure: an artificial neural networks approach

Bridge construction responds to the need for environmentally friendly design of motorways and facilitates the passage through sensitive natural areas and the bypassing of urban areas. However, according to numerous research studies, bridge construction presents substantial budget overruns. Therefore, it is necessary early in the planning process for the decision makers to have reliable estimates of the final cost based on previously constructed projects. At the same time, the current European financial crisis reduces the available capital for investments and financial institutions are even less willing to finance transportation infrastructure. Consequently, it is even more necessary today to estimate the budget of high-cost construction projects -such as road bridges- with reasonable accuracy, in order for the state funds to be invested with lower risk and the projects to be designed with the highest possible efficiency. In this paper, a Bill-of-Quantities (BoQ) estimation tool for road bridges is developed in order to support the decisions made at the preliminary planning and design stages of highways. Specifically, a Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a hidden layer of 10 neurons is trained to predict the superstructure material quantities (concrete, pre-stressed steel and reinforcing steel) using the width of the deck, the adjusted length of span or cantilever and the type of the bridge as input variables. The training dataset includes actual data from 68 recently constructed concrete motorway bridges in Greece. According to the relevant metrics, the developed model captures very well the complex interrelations in the dataset and demonstrates strong generalisation capability. Furthermore, it outperforms the linear regression models developed for the same dataset. Therefore, the proposed cost estimation model stands as a useful and reliable tool for the construction industry as it enables planners to reach informed decisions for technical and economic planning of concrete bridge projects from their early implementation stages.

Evolving techniques for characterising and monitoring the stability of infrastructure slopes

Landslides and debris flows, commonly triggered by rainfall, pose a geotechnical risk causing disruption to transport routes and incur significant financial expenditure. With infrastructure maintenance budgets becoming ever more constrained, this paper provides an overview of some of the developing methods being implemented by Queen’s University, Belfast in collaboration with the Department for Regional Development to monitor the stability of two distinctly different infrastructure slopes in Northern Ireland. In addition to the traditional, intrusive ground investigative and laboratory testing methods, aerial LiDAR, terrestrial LiDAR, geophysical techniques and differential Global Positioning Systems have been used to monitor slope stability. Finally, a comparison between terrestrial LiDAR, pore water pressure and soil moisture deficit (SMD) is presented to outline the processes for a more informed management regime and to highlight the season relationship between landslide activity and the aforementioned parameters.

Research-informed design, management and maintenance of infrastructure slopes: development of a multi-scalar approach

The UK’s transport infrastructure is one of the most heavily used in the world. The performance of these networks is critically dependent on the performance of cutting and embankment slopes which make up £20B of the £60B asset value of major highway infrastructure alone. The rail network in particular is also one of the oldest in the world: many of these slopes are suffering high incidents of instability (increasing with time). This paper describes the development of a fundamental understanding of earthwork material and system behaviour, through the systematic integration of research across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Spatially these range from microscopic studies of soil fabric, through elemental materials behaviour to whole slope modelling and monitoring and scaling up to transport networks. Temporally, historical and current weather event sequences are being used to understand and model soil deterioration processes, and climate change scenarios to examine their potential effects on slope performance in futures up to and including the 2080s. The outputs of this research are being mapped onto the different spatial and temporal scales of infrastructure slope asset management to inform the design of new slopes through to changing the way in which investment is made into aging assets. The aim ultimately is to help create a more reliable, cost effective, safer and more resilient transport system.

Using administrative data to understand mental health in Northern Ireland:Results from two exemplar projects

Mental health is unevenly distributed in the Northern Ireland population. Administrative data on psychotropic medication prescribing is increasingly being used in research into population mental health. This paper illustrates how these data indicate concentrations of poor mental health in Northern Ireland, e.g. within deprived neighbourhoods, at interfaces, among older persons admitted to care homes and among persons bereaved through sudden death or suicide. This briefing also aims to widen the debate about mental health from a disorder/service paradigm to a whole population approach.

Qualidade, sustentabilidade e FCS: o caso de uma IES privada no Brasil

Este trabalho de investigação foi realizado com o objetivo geral de se descobrir quais são os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso e os aspectos chaves de qualidade e sustentabilidade, a serem considerados no ensino de Engenharia de Produção em um IES privada no Brasil. No presente estudo de caso executou-se uma revisão teórica sistemática nas áreas temáticas da pesquisa, que propiciou a criação de um framework que define os 7 Fatores Críticos de Sucesso ao ensino de Engenharia de Produção, apontando sua divisão nas áreas de qualidade e sustentabilidade, e, por fim, a subdivisão em 6 subáreas de ações operacionais a serem consideradas pela gestão de IES para alcançar melhorias de desempenho em suas atividades. Posteriormente ao levantamento teórico, foi realizado o estudo de caso propriamente dito, que dividiu-se em duas etapas, uma qualitativa e uma quantitativa. Na primeira elaborou-se um roteiro de entrevista em profundidade aplicada a um terço do corpo docente do curso em estudo, captando a impressão destes sobre as temáticas em estudo voltadas à execução de suas atividades. Os dados obtidos foram organizados com o auxílio do software WebQDA, gerando ideias do que deve ser trabalhado para melhorar as condições e resultados do referido curso. A etapa quantitativa foi iniciada com a elaboração de um questionário on-line, desenvolvido a partir do enquadramento teórico e da informação obtida na parte qualitativa do estudo, que envolveu respostas de cerca de dois terços dos discentes de Engenharia de Produção. A informação foi recolhida através de um formulário disponibilizado pelo googledocs, e os resultados foram analisados com o auxílio do software SPSS, permitindo conhecer as expectativas e percepções dos alunos e, consequentemente, os gaps provenientes a serem trabalhados. Finalmente, o estudo revelou que para aspectos de qualidade, os pontos de tangibilidade, como infraestrutura geral, laboratórios técnicos específicos, cantina e biblioteca, precisam ser melhorados, e, para aspectos de sustentabilidade, surge a necessidade de melhorar as formas de divulgação do curso, captação de alunos e propostas para a retenção dos mesmos para outros cursos e projetos da IES. Deste modo, o trabalho desenvolvido atingiu seu objetivo e se mostrou válido para aplicações na IES e em outros cursos da mesma (com as devidas adaptações). Fica como recomendação final aplicar o estudo periodicamente para se captar as mudanças situacionais que ocorrerem, manter um controle eficiente dos aspectos estudados e gerar melhorias contínuas no curso estudado e na própria IES.

Implementing a Videoconferencing Studio in Cape Verde to Support a Blended Learning Education System

In 2004, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation invited the University of Aveiro to develop an education and training program in advanced topics of ICT for Cape Verde. The focus should be on technologies to support the development of distance education. Two years later, when the program was started, the University of Aveiro had a high-performance videoconferencing Studio installed by the Foundation for National Scientific Computing. However, the investment to duplicate this high quality structure and operating costs were not compatible neither with the project’s budget nor with the technological options available in Cape Verde. This paper demonstrates the decision-making process by an economically viable option to meet the needs and local peculiarities.

Renaturing cities using a regionally-focused biodiversity-led multifunctional benefits approach to urban green infrastructure

If a ‘Renaturing of Cities’ strategy is to maximise the ecosystem service provision of urban green infrastructure (UGI), then detailed consideration of a habitat services, biodiversity-led approach and multifunctionality are necessary rather than relying on the assumed benefits of UGI per se. The paper presents preliminary data from three case studies, two in England and one in Germany, that explore how multifunctionality can be achieved, the stakeholders required, the usefulness of an experimental approach for demonstrating transformation, and how this can be fed back into policy. We argue that incorporating locally contextualised biodiversity-led UGI design into the planning and policy spheres contributes to the functioning and resilience of the city and provides the adaptability to respond to locally contextualised challenges, such as overheating, flooding, air pollution, health and wellbeing as well as biodiversity loss. Framing our research to encompass both the science of biodiversity-led UGI and co-developing methods for incorporating a strategic approach to implementation of biodiversity-led UGI by planners and developers addresses a gap in current knowledge and begins to address barriers to UGI implementation. By combining scientific with policy learning and defined urban environmental targets with community needs, our research to date has begun to demonstrate how nature-based solutions to building resilience and adaptive governance can be strategically incorporated within cities through UGI.