Habiendo roto el freno de la obediencia: participación indígena en la insurgencia de Quito, 1809-1812 (Estudios)

El artículo analiza un ámbito de la participación de los indígenas en la coyuntura de quiebre del régimen monárquico producida en Quito ante las noticias de la invasión napoleónica y la abdicación del trono español en favor de José Bonaparte. El trabajo investiga si los indígenas de Quito fueron fundamentalmente indiferentes ante la proclamación de autonomía de la primera junta quiteña en 1809 o si tuvieron alguna propuesta específica durante el período de mayor convulsión y movilización entre 1810 y 1812. De otro lado, explora las actitudes de la élite y la plebe en el período. El trabajo pone atención en el ambiente de temor que la movilización popular suscitó luego de los abusos y la cruenta represión cometidas por las tropas limeñas acantonadas en Quito, en 1810.

State Policies, Territories and Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador (1983-2012)

This work seeks to reconstruct the dynamics of the agreements and disagreements between the State and the indigenous peoples in Ecuador, emphasising particularly on two key elements: first, the indigenous peoples participation and exercise of their political rights, in particular the right to self-government and autonomy within their jurisdictions; and secondly, indigenous peoples’ degree of direct influence on public policies’ formulation and implementation, specially those directly affecting their territories, including the exploitation of natural resources. In Ecuador, during this historical period, the state has gone through three major moments in its relationship with indigenous peoples: neo - indigenism associated to developmentalism (1980-1984); multiculturalism associated to neoliberalism (1984- 2006) as one of the dominant trends over the period; and the crisis of neoliberalism and the search for national diversity and interculturalism associated to post- neoliberalism (2007-2013). Each has had a particular connotation, as to the scope and methods to respond to indigenous demands. In this context, this research aims to answer the central question: how has the Ecuadorian State met the demands of the indigenous movement in the last three decades, and how has it ensured the validity of their gradually recognized rights? And how and to what extent by doing so, it contradicts and alters the existing economic model based on the extraction of primary resources?