Dietary obesity-associated Hif1α activation in adipocytes restricts fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure via suppression of the Sirt2-NAD+ system.

Dietary obesity is a major factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and is associated with intra-adipose tissue hypoxia and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Here we report that, in mice, Hif1α activation in visceral white adipocytes is critical to maintain dietary obesity and associated pathologies, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and cardiomyopathy. This function of Hif1α is linked to its capacity to suppress β-oxidation, in part, through transcriptional repression of sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase. Reduced Sirt2 function directly translates into diminished deacetylation of PPARγ coactivator 1α (Pgc1α) and expression of β-oxidation and mitochondrial genes. Importantly, visceral adipose tissue from human obese subjects is characterized by high levels of HIF1α and low levels of SIRT2. Thus, by negatively regulating the Sirt2-Pgc1α regulatory axis, Hif1α negates adipocyte-intrinsic pathways of fatty acid catabolism, thereby creating a metabolic state supporting the development of obesity.

Continuous versus single bolus enteral nutrition: comparison of energy metabolism in humans.

Continuous respiratory exchange measurements were performed on five women and five men for 1 h before and 6 h after the administration of a milkshake (53% carbohydrates, 30% lipid, and 17% protein energy) given either as a single bolus dose or continuously during 3 h using a nasogastric tube. The energy administered corresponded to 2.3 times the postabsorptive resting energy expenditure. Resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, plasma glucose, and insulin concentrations increased sooner and steeper, and plasma free fatty acids levels decreased earlier with the meal ingested as a single dose than with continuous administration. The magnitude of nutrient-induced thermogenesis was greater (P less than 0.01) with the single dose (means +/- SE, 10.0 +/- 0.6%) than with the continuous administration (8.1 +/- 0.5%). The overall (6 h) substrate balances were not significantly different between the two modes of administration. It is concluded that the mode of enteral nutrient administration influences the immediate thermogenic response as well as changes in respiratory quotient, glycemia, and insulinemia; however, the overall nutrient balance was not affected by the mode of enteral nutrient administration.

[Archives de la Parole]. , Chanson fantaisiste en mēwātī / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Hassaina], voix ; accompagnement instrumental (harmonium indien et tabla)

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Delhi. Delhi]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Fortune favours the brave : in Bhojpuri of Shahabad (récit, fable) / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Hari Sankar Nath], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Bihar]

[Archives de la Parole]. , The covetous Brahmin [and his reward] : in Oriya - Récit - Indo-Aryen - Ling[uistic] Survey of India / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Bepin Chandra Patra], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Orissa]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Special text in santali / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Chotā Nāgpur]

[Archives de la Parole]. , A kahani : in Mundari / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Chotā Nāgpur]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Special text in mundari / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Chotā Nāgpur]

[Archives de la Parole]. , The Monkey and the Cats : in Bhojpuri of Shahabad / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Radha Mohan Prasad Srivastava], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Bihar]

[Archives de la Parole]. , Parable of the prodigal son : in Nagpuria Bhojpuri / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Shiva Sahay Lal], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Bihar]

[Archives de la Parole]. , La parabole de l'enfant prodigue : Dravidien, Tamoul (groupe de l'Inde péninsulaire, Province de Madras) / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; [Krishnamacharya Ranga Nath], voix

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Etat du Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur]

[Archives de la Parole]. , [Parable of the prodigal son] : récit en tamoul / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]]

[Archives de la Parole]. , [Parable of the prodigal son] : récit en tamoul / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. État du Tamil Nadu]

[Archives de la Parole]. , [Parable of the prodigal son] : récit en télougou / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]]

[Archives de la Parole]. , [Parable of the prodigal son] : récit tamoul / [Sir George Grierson], éd. ; Linguistic survey of India ; Voix parlée, homme

[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Région de Kanara]